高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí) Unit1 Great scientists精品學(xué)案 新人教版必修5.doc

2013版英語(yǔ)一輪精品復(fù)習(xí)學(xué)案：unit1 great scientists（新人教版必修5）【高考新動(dòng)向】【考綱全景透析】【重點(diǎn)單詞】1. conclude vi.終結(jié)； 結(jié)束; 推斷； 決定【歸納】conclusion n. 結(jié)束,結(jié)論makedrawreachcome toarrive at a conclusion下結(jié)論，得出結(jié)論；bring sth. to a conclusion使結(jié)束；in conclusion作為結(jié)論，最后；1）the meeting concluded at ten oclock. 會(huì)議于十點(diǎn)鐘結(jié)束。2）it is hard to conclude. 這很難斷定?！炯淳郴钣谩縚,id like to say how much ive enjoyed staying in your beautiful country. a. to conclude b. to include c. in the conclude d. as conclusion答案：a 2. defeat v. & n.打?。粦?zhàn)勝defeat sb./sth.擊敗某人或某事；be defeated被打敗了they were defeated in the football match.他們?cè)谧闱蛸愔休斄恕颈嫖觥?）defeat，beat與win作“打敗”解時(shí)的區(qū)別:beat與defeat的賓語(yǔ)是“人”；defeat的賓語(yǔ)常指“敵人”，在“游戲或比賽”中則用beat；win后的賓語(yǔ)多用game，war，prize等詞(注意win的賓語(yǔ)不能是人) 2）作“打”之意時(shí) beat，hit與strike的區(qū)別：beat強(qiáng)調(diào)“連續(xù)地打”；hit表示“打一下”；而strike則表示“一次有力的打擊” 【即境活用】用defeat， beat的適當(dāng)形式填空 1. finally our army _the enemy. 2. brazil were _in the final 2-1.答案：1. defeated 2. beaten3.- who _ the team from no. 2 middle school? - im not sure. perhaps the team from the nearby county.a. defeated b. won c. beat d. gained答案：a3. attend v. 1)注意；留意；處理(與to連用)=do with2) 出席；到場(chǎng)： 3)照看；照料：=take care; look after 【歸納】attendance n 出席，出席的人數(shù)，伺候，照料 attend school上學(xué)attend a lecture/meeting聽(tīng)講座/出席會(huì)議attend a wedding/ceremony出席婚禮/參加典禮1）well attend to the problem later 稍后我們將關(guān)注那個(gè)問(wèn)題。2）which doctor is attending you? 哪一個(gè)醫(yī)生為你看病?【即境活用】漢譯英1） 他們?cè)谖覀儾辉跁r(shí)管理事務(wù)。_2) 他在這個(gè)領(lǐng)域很出名，今晚會(huì)有成千上萬(wàn)的敬仰者參加他的講座。_keys: 1) they attended our affairs during our absence. 2) he is famous in this field, and tens of thousands of fans will attend his lecture this evening.4. expose v.使暴露; 揭露; 使接觸expose a secret/ a plan泄露秘密計(jì)劃expose sth/ sb. to 把暴露在之下be exposed to .置身于;暴露于expose students to good art and music使學(xué)生接觸美好的藝術(shù)和音樂(lè)expose soldiers to unnecessary risks使士兵冒不必要的危險(xiǎn)the reporter was killed because he tried to expose a plot.這名記者因?yàn)樵噲D揭露一個(gè)陰謀而被殺害?！炯淳郴钣谩縚to the sunlight for too much time will do harm to your skin. a. exposed b. having exposed c. being exposed d. after being exposed答案：c 5.cure n. 治愈；痊愈 vt. 治愈；治療 there is no cure for the common cold at present.目前仍沒(méi)有治愈感冒的良藥。 can you cure me of my cold ?你能治好我的感冒嗎？ that nasty shock cured him of his inquisitiveness forever.那一沉痛教訓(xùn)根除了他凡事愛(ài)打聽(tīng)的毛病。6. absorb vt. 吸收；吸引【歸納】1) 吸收（液體，氣體，光，聲等）2) 汲取，理解（知識(shí)等）3) 使全神貫注；吸引（注意等）后常接介詞in/by4) 合并（公司等）；吞并。常接介詞into5) 承受；經(jīng)受be absorbed in=put ones heart into專注；聚精會(huì)神absorb.from sth 從吸收eg. black cloth absorbs light.黑布吸收光線。cotton gloves absorb sweat.棉手套吸汗。 so many good ideas! its too much for me to absorb all at once.這么多好主意！太多了，很難一下子完全吸收the old man was completely absorbed in the book.老人全神貫注地讀這本書(shū)the surrounding small towns have been absorbed into the city.四周的小城鎮(zhèn)已并入這座城市【歸納拓展】absorbed adj.精神集中的absorbing adj.十分吸引人的absorb from sth.從中吸收be absorbed in專心于，全神貫注于 【即境活用】1. 翻譯：他發(fā)現(xiàn)叔叔全神貫注地讀書(shū) _ 答案： he found his uncle was absorbed in reading.2. when i went in， they were _ in a heated discussion.a. absorb b. absorbed c. absorbing d. being absorbed 答案： b.3. she was so _ in her book that she didnt notice it was raining.a. absorbed b. attracted c. drawn d. concentrated 答案：a7. blame vt責(zé)備；譴責(zé)；歸咎于；n責(zé)怪；(過(guò)失、過(guò)錯(cuò)等)責(zé)任【歸納】blame sbfor(doing)sth 因(做)某事而指責(zé)某人blame sthon sb 因某事而指責(zé)某人sbbe to blame for(doing)sth 因(做)某事某人應(yīng)該受到譴責(zé)；注意: be to blame 應(yīng)負(fù)責(zé) (無(wú)被動(dòng)形式)。1)the careless driver is to blame for the traffic accident happening yesterday 那個(gè)粗心的司機(jī)該為昨天發(fā)生的交通事故負(fù)責(zé)。2) who is to blame for the failure? 誰(shuí)該為這次的失敗負(fù)責(zé)?3) the student blamed the teacher for his failure學(xué)生因失敗而怪老師?！炯淳郴钣谩繚h譯英1）看來(lái)霍亂的流行要?dú)w罪于飲用水了._2）這件事誰(shuí)也不能怨._3）他指責(zé)你玩忽職守._keys: 1) it seemed that the water was to blame. 2) nobody is to blame for it. 3) he blames you for neglect of duty.8. contribute vi&vt捐助，捐獻(xiàn)，貢獻(xiàn)；投稿【歸納】 contribution. n. 捐獻(xiàn)，貢獻(xiàn)；投稿 contributeto 向捐獻(xiàn)(投稿) contribute to促成，起作用，有助于 make a contribution totowards向捐贈(zèng)；對(duì)作出貢獻(xiàn)注意: 以上短語(yǔ)中to為介詞； 1）he contributed to the church他向教會(huì)捐款。2）he often contributes to this newspaper他經(jīng)常向這家報(bào)社投稿。3）cigarette smoking is a major factor contributing to cancer吸煙是導(dǎo)致癌癥的主要因素?！炯淳郴钣谩?some of the most important achievements in physics _their success to these mathematical systems.a. oblige b. owe c. contribute d. devote答案：c 【重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)】1put forward 提出(建議等)；推薦某人或自己任職位；提名【相關(guān)短語(yǔ)】 put on穿上；增加 put on performances演出 put an end to結(jié)束；終止 put off推遲；延期； put ones heart into全神貫注于 put down寫(xiě)下 put out生產(chǎn)；撲滅 put back放回；送回 put up舉起；張貼 put through接通電話put up舉起; 抬起; 張貼; 公布 put sb. up為提供食宿put up with忍受; 忍耐; 受苦he put forward a better plan.他提出了一個(gè)更好的計(jì)劃can i put you/your name forward for golf club secretary?我推薦你（提名讓你）擔(dān)任高爾夫球俱樂(lè)部的秘書(shū)好嗎？he puts forward several interesting plans.他提出了幾項(xiàng)令人感興趣的計(jì)劃its an explanation often put forward by our friend.這是我們的朋友經(jīng)常做出的解釋?！炯淳郴钣谩縲e were roommates. at that time, i have to _ her bad temper.a. put forward b. put up with c. put up d. put off答案：b2. apart from 除之外1)from是介詞，后面要跟名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞。2)apart from也可以表示“脫離開(kāi)” 如：there can be no knowledge apart from practice.沒(méi)有知識(shí)能脫離實(shí)踐?！練w納比較】 apart from/except for/except/except that /besides/in addition to1）apart from在表“除外（別無(wú)）”時(shí)相當(dāng)于besides和except for,但apart from還有“除以外（還）”之意。另外，apart from, except for都可用于句首，但except不能。2）except“除”（不包括其后的賓語(yǔ)），besides“除了還”（包括其后的賓語(yǔ)）。另外，besides還可以作副詞“并且，而且” 3）but for表示“如果不是由于”之意（=if it were not for或if it had not been for）。4) in addition to 相當(dāng)于besides“除之外，還有”（包括除去內(nèi)容在內(nèi)）5）except that 后面跟句子，用來(lái)表示理由或細(xì)節(jié)apart from a few faults，he is a trustworthy teacher.除了少數(shù)的幾個(gè)缺點(diǎn)外，他是個(gè)值得信賴的老師apart from being too large, the trousers dont suit me.這條褲子不但太大，而且我穿著也不合適【即境活用】 i know nothing about the young ladyshe is from beijing. a. except b. except for c. except that d. besides答案：c 2.the suit fitted him wellthe colour was a little brighter. a. except for b. except that c. except when d. besides答案：b3. make sense講得通；有道理 如果想表示某人所說(shuō)的話或提議，沒(méi)道理、行不通。我們經(jīng)常說(shuō)：it doesnt make any sense.【歸納拓展】make sense of 理解；明白 make no sense 沒(méi)有道理；沒(méi)有意義 in a sense 就某種意義來(lái)說(shuō) in no sense 決不是，決非 there is no sense in doing sth.做什么沒(méi)有道理your story doesnt make sense to me.你編的故事我聽(tīng)不明白it makes good sense to take good care of your health.照顧好你的身體是明智的【即境活用】 1. no matter how i tried to read it, the sentence didnt _to me.a. understand b. make out c. turn out d. make sense答案: d2. i have read the material several times, but it doesnt make any _ to me.a. meaning b. importance c. sense d. significance答案：c【重點(diǎn)句型】1. so many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.每當(dāng)（霍亂）爆發(fā)時(shí)，都有成千上萬(wàn)的人病死。 every time i catch a cold ,i have in my back .我每次感冒背就痛。 the first time i climbed onto the wall,i felt very nervous.我第一次爬到墻上去時(shí)。感到很緊張。 she let out a cry the moment she saw the snake.她一看到蛇就叫了起來(lái) i left immediately the clock struck 5. 鐘敲了五下我就離開(kāi)了。【熱點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)全析】過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)（the past participle as the attribute and the predicative）分詞是動(dòng)詞的一種非謂語(yǔ)形式，主要起形容詞和副詞的作用，可以作定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或是狀語(yǔ)等分詞有兩種，一種是現(xiàn)在分詞，一種是過(guò)去分詞。這兩種分詞在句子中能擔(dān)任的成分大體相同，主要是在“意思”上有主動(dòng)和被動(dòng)之分。過(guò)去分詞一般有被動(dòng)和完成兩大特征過(guò)去分詞的定語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)功能定語(yǔ)表“完成”或“被動(dòng)”boiled water開(kāi)水fallen leaves落葉the risen sun升起的太陽(yáng)selected apples 精選蘋(píng)果spoken english英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)iced beer冰鎮(zhèn)啤酒cooked food熟食fried chips炸土豆條單個(gè)的過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般放在被修飾詞語(yǔ)之前(如上例)，也可以放在所修飾詞語(yǔ)的后面hurry up，there is only a little time left.快點(diǎn)，時(shí)間不多了。if you wish everything changed，please say so.你如果希望改變一切，請(qǐng)說(shuō)明。過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，須將分詞放在被修飾的詞語(yǔ)之后，功能相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句near the window，there is a bookshelf filledwith many books(=which is filled with many books).靠近窗戶，有一個(gè)裝滿書(shū)的書(shū)架。her daughter，brought up by me(=who was broughtup by me)has begun to work now.由我?guī)Т蟮乃呐畠含F(xiàn)在已經(jīng)參加工作了。表語(yǔ)當(dāng)“人”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)用過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)，表示主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)或思想感情等when we heard of it，we were deeply moved.當(dāng)我們聽(tīng)到這件事時(shí)，被深深地感動(dòng)了。he seemed quite delighted at the idea.聽(tīng)到這個(gè)想法，他似乎很高興。過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)不要與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)混為一體。分詞作表語(yǔ)表示主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)，而被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)則表示被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作my glasses are broken.我的眼鏡碎了。(狀態(tài))my glasses were broken by my son.我的眼鏡被我兒子摔碎了。(動(dòng)作)on the earth，70% of the surface is covered with water.地球表面70%是被水覆蓋的。(狀態(tài))i was greatly surprised by a knock at the door.敲門(mén)聲使我大為吃驚。(動(dòng)作) 【語(yǔ)法專練】1. the flowers his friend gave him will die unless_ every day.a. watered b. watering c. water d. to water2zhuhou, _ on the xiang river, is an important city, second only to changsha.a. located b. locating c. being located d. to be located3. all the preparations for the work_, were ready to start. a. are completed b. have been completed c. completed d. had been completed4. _ with the accident, he was forced to resign. a. concerned b. concerning c. having concernedd. be concerned5. they spent the whole night_ in the room waiting for the thief to come.a. having locked b. lockingc. lockedd. to be locked答案：15 aacac【高考零距離】1（2012浙江卷 t11）11.its a such nice place, mother said as she sat at the table_ for customs.a. to be reserved b. living reserved c. reservingd. reserved【解析】選d。非謂語(yǔ)過(guò)去分詞。reserve和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞sat之間沒(méi)有連詞，故用非謂語(yǔ)，且和其邏輯主語(yǔ)the table邏輯上構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)、完成的概念，在句子中做后置定語(yǔ)。2（2012四川卷 t12）12. before driving into the city, you are required to get your car _.a. washed b. wash c. washing d. to wash【解析】選 a。 本題考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞?？疾檫^(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。此題中使役動(dòng)詞get后接的賓語(yǔ)car與作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞wash之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)：get sth. done。故答案選a。句意為：在驅(qū)車(chē)進(jìn)城之前，你必須將你的車(chē)洗了。3（2011福建卷 t23）tsinghua university, in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures.a. found b. founding c. founded d. to be founded【解析】選c?？疾榉侵^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意為：建立于1911年的清華大學(xué)是成就大量杰出人物的所在地。tsinghua university(清華大學(xué))和found(建立)之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞作后置定語(yǔ)，選c。4.（2010全國(guó)卷t8） my mother opened drawer to_the knives and spoons.a.put away b.put up c.put on d.put together【解析】選a。考查動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。 put away 放好，收拾起來(lái)；put up舉起，搭建，張貼，掛起； put on 穿上，戴上；put together 組裝，裝配，把湊合起來(lái)5.（2010山東卷t31）31. your house is always so neathow do you _ it with three children? a. manage b. serve c. adapt d. construct【解析】選a。本題考查動(dòng)詞在具體語(yǔ)境中的使用。句意應(yīng)為“你家里總是那么整潔-家里有三個(gè)孩子，你是怎么設(shè)法做到的?” 表示“設(shè)法做成某事”用manage it。serve 表示“為服務(wù)；接待”；adapt 表示“使適應(yīng)，使適合”；construct表示“建造，構(gòu)筑；構(gòu)思”。6.（2010上海卷t33）lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues _with her stories. a. amused b. amusing c. to amuse d. to be amused【解析】選a。本題考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。keep+sb. /sth. +done,根據(jù)句意，sb.與它后面的動(dòng)詞成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故選a.7.（2010四川t4）a great number of students said they were forced to practise the piano. a. to question b. to be questioned c. questioned d. questioning【解析】選c?？疾榉侵^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)。question與students 存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系，question表示的動(dòng)作也已完成，故用過(guò)去分詞。8. (2006福建卷) _for the breakdown of the school computer network，alice was in low spirits ablaming bblamed cto blame dto be blamed 【解析】選b。本題考查過(guò)去分詞作原因狀語(yǔ)。根據(jù)題意可以將原句轉(zhuǎn)換為：“as alice was blamed for the breakdown of the school computer, she was in low spirits”選擇b選項(xiàng)【考點(diǎn)提升訓(xùn)練】一、聽(tīng)力（略）二、單項(xiàng)選擇21. 【2012屆保定市高三第一次模擬】29. prices began to climb noticeably last year，_a historical high in november.a. hit b. to hit c. hitting d. being hit22 【2012屆河南省鄭州市高三第二次質(zhì)量預(yù)測(cè)】25. if you intend to make a tour of a big factory, you had better make an appointment _time.a. ahead ofb. in case ofc. in front of d. in search of23. the students are busy making preparations for the lecture because they will _ the competition . a. attend b. join c. take part in d. attend to24. plastic bags are provided for our convenience but they have also_ the pollution of the environmenta. adapted to b. turned toc. contributed to d. looked forward to25. 【2012屆河北省邯鄲市高三第一次模擬考試】30. joe won the first prize on sunday and, tears rolling down his cheeks, it a turning point for him.a. called b. calling c. having called d. to call26. the warm sunshine _the coming of spring.a. declaresb. announcesc. predicts d. publishes27. please read the _ on the bottle and take the right amount of medicine.a. explanations b. descriptions c. instructions d. introductions28. being fun and good exercise，swimming is a very useful skillaapart from bas good as cin addition das well29. although i had read the book assigned by the professor several times , it didnt make any _ to me.ameaningbimportance csensedsignificance30.the whole situation was so complex that they could hardly make any_ of it at all. a. sense b. meaningc. explanation d. idea31. the government _the diplomatic note from japan for its unclear attitude to the trade between two countries.a. denied b. refused c. rejected d. objected32_either she or i fit for the job? im sorry to tell you that neither she nor you _. a. is; are b. are; are c. am; is d. is; is33. do remember to charge the battery 12 hours when you first use it .amade it bgot it cunderstood it dremembered it34. -which one can i take?-you can take _ of them; ill keep none. a. all b. any c. both d. either35. did you pass the driving test?no. i it. but i had little time practising. acould have passed bmust have passedccant have passeddshouldnt have passed三、完形填空michel is a young girl who works for the police 36 a handwriting expert (專家). she has helped 37 many criminals (罪犯) by using her special talents (天才).when she was fourteen, michel was already _38_ interested in the differences in her friends 39 that she would spend hours 40 them. after 41 college she went to france for a 42 two-year class in handwriting at the school of police science.michel says that it is 43 for people at hide their handwriting. she can discover 44 of what she needs to know simply 45 looking at the writing with her own eyes, 46 she also has machines 47 help her make 48 different kinds of paper and ink. this knowledge is often 49 great help to the police. michel believes that handwriting is a good 50 of what kind of person the 51 is. i wouldnt go out with a fellow 52 i didnt like his handwriting. she says. but she 53 she fell in love with her future husband, a young policeman 54 she studied his handwriting. it is later proved to be 55 , however.36 a. with b. by c. like d. as37 a. search b. follow c. catch d. judge 38 a. sob. too c. quite d. extra39 a. books b. letter c. tongues d. handwriting40 a. writing b. studyingc. settling d. uncovering 41 a. attending b. finishing c. starting d. stepping into42 a. powerful b. natural c. speciald. common43 a. main b. safe c. easy d. impossible44 a. most b. nothing c. little d. sight 45 a. with b. by c. of d. about 46 a. so b. for c. thus d. but 47a they b. in which c. that d. those48 a. up b. out c. for d. into49a. of b. toc. with d. for 50 a. test b. sign(標(biāo)記)c. means d habit(習(xí)慣)51 a. thief b. criminalc. writer d. policeman52 a. whether b. unless c. if d. after53 a. adds b. tells c. repeats d. cries54 a. before b. after cc. shyly d. and55 a. necessaryb. all right c. important d. quite easy 四、閱讀理解asir henry stewart was certainly successful. i asked one day, soon after hed retired to attend his garden, what it was like to have achieved all of ones ambitions. he looked down at his roses, and went on watering them. then he said, “the only value in achieving ones ambitions is that you then realize that they are not worth achieving. ” within a moment we were back to a safe discussion on the weather. that was two years ago.i recall this incident, for yesterday, i was passing his house, and had drawn up my cart just outside his garden wall. i had pulled in from the road for no other reason than to let a bus pass me. as i set there filling my pipe, i suddenly heard a shout of sheer joy come from the other side of the wall.i looked over. there stood sir henry doing nothing less than a dance of pure unashamed delight. even when he observed my puzzled face staring over the wall he did not seem embarrassed, but shouted to me to climb over.“come and see, jan. look! i have done it at last! i have done it at last!”there he was , holding a small box of earth in his hand. i observed three tiny shoots out of it.“and there were only three!” he said, his eye laughing to heaven.“three what?” i asked.“peach stones”, he replied. “ive always wanted to make peach stones grow, ever since i was a child, when i used to take them home after a party, or as a man after a banquet. and i used to plant them, and forget where i planted them. but now at last i have done it , and , whats more, i had only three stones, and there they are, one, two, three shoots,” he co