2016年P(guān)EP小升初英語語法大全.doc

名 詞一、 可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞的區(qū)別普通名詞所表示的人或事物是可以按個數(shù)計算的，這類名詞叫可數(shù)名詞。可數(shù)名詞分為個體名詞(表示某類人或事物中的個體，如worker, farmer, desk, factory等)和集體名詞(表示作為一個整體來看的一群人或一些事物，如people,family 等)。如果普通名詞所表示的事物是不能按個數(shù)來計算的，這類名詞就叫不可數(shù)名詞。不可數(shù)名詞分為物質(zhì)名詞(表示無法分為個體的物質(zhì)，如meat, rice, water, milk, orange 等)和抽象名詞(表示動作、狀態(tài)、情況、品質(zhì)等抽象概念，如work, homework, time, health, friendship等)。 二、 可數(shù)名詞可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式。指一個人或一件事物時，用單數(shù)形式；指兩個或多個人或事物時用復(fù)數(shù)形式。名詞由單數(shù)形式變成復(fù)數(shù)形式的規(guī)則如下：1. 一般的名詞詞尾直接加-s 。如：book books room rooms house houses day days2. 以s,ss, ch,sh, x 結(jié)尾的名詞，在詞尾加-es 。如：bus buses glass glasses watch watches dish dishes box boxes3. 以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的名詞，要先將y改為i再加-es。如：city cities body bodies factory factories等等。4. 以f 或fe 結(jié)尾的名詞，要將f或fe改為v再加-es。如：half halves leaf leavesknife knives wife wives5. 特例 悄悄話：特例常?？?，要記住。 child children man men woman womenpoliceman policemen policewoman-policewomen tomato tomatoes potato potatoes 悄悄話： 初中英語以o 結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時只有這兩個詞加-es，其余的當(dāng)然加-s嘍！如：photo photos foot feet tooth teeth 悄悄話： oo變成ee。 mouse-mice fish, sheep, Chinese, Japanese單、復(fù)數(shù)同形悄悄話： 變復(fù)數(shù)時詞形不變。 people單數(shù)形式表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，要求謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)；people的復(fù)數(shù)形式peoples通常指多個民族。三、 不可數(shù)名詞1. 不可數(shù)名詞沒有復(fù)數(shù)，當(dāng)它作句子的主語時，謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。如：The food is very fresh.食品很新鮮。2. 有的不可數(shù)名詞也可以作可數(shù)名詞，有復(fù)數(shù)形式，但他們的意義發(fā)生變化。如：water (水) waters (水域) orange (橘汁) oranges (橘子)3. 很多的不可數(shù)名詞表示泛指時為不可數(shù)，表示種類時就可數(shù)，但意義大多不發(fā)生變化。如：fruit fruits food foods fish fishes hair hairs寫出下列各詞的復(fù)數(shù) I _him _this _her _watch _child _photo _diary _day_ foot_ book_ dress _tooth_ sheep _box_ strawberry _thief _yo-yo _ peach_ sandwich _man_ woman_ paper_ juice_water_ milk_ rice_ tea_* 用所給名詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. How many_(sheep) are there on the hill?2. There is some_(food) in the basket.3. The baby has only two_(tooth) now.4. There is a lot of_(water) in the bottle.5. There are five_(people ) in his family.6. Lets take_(photo), OK? 7. I have lots of_(tomato) here.8. The_(leaf) on the tree turn-yellow.9. The_(child) are playing games on the playground now.10. Their_(dictionary) look new.11. I see you have a few white_(hair).12. They are_(woman) doctors.13. Can you give me some bottles of _ (orange), please?14. There are many_(fox) in the picture.15. I would like some apple_(juice). I am very thirsty.一般現(xiàn)在時一般現(xiàn)在時的功能1.表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作，常與 always，often，usually，every day，sometimes等連用。如：I get up at six every day.我每天六點(diǎn)起床。2.表示客觀事實(shí)。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。3.用在格言或諺語中。如：Knowledge is power.知識就是力量。一般現(xiàn)在時的構(gòu)成1. be動詞：陳述句：主語+be(am,is,are)+其它。如：I am a boy.我是一個男孩。否定句：主語+ be + not +其它。如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。一般疑問句：Be +主語+其它。如：-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, Im not.特殊疑問句：疑問詞+一般疑問句。如：Where is my bike?2.行為動詞：陳述句：主語+行為動詞(+其它)。如：We study English.我們學(xué)習(xí)英語。當(dāng)主語為第三人稱單數(shù)(he, she,it)時，要在動詞后加-s或-es。如：Mary likes Chinese.瑪麗喜歡漢語。否定句：主語+ dont( doesnt ) +動詞原形(+其它)。如：I dont like bread.當(dāng)主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時，要用doesnt構(gòu)成否定句。如：He doesnt often play.一般疑問句：Do( Does ) +主語+動詞原形+其它。如：Do you often play football? Yes, I do. / No, I dont.當(dāng)主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時，要用does構(gòu)成一般疑問句。如：Does she go to work by bike? Yes, she does. / No, she doesnt.特殊疑問句：疑問詞+一般疑問句。如：How does your father go to work?第三人稱單數(shù) 動詞+s的變化規(guī)則1一般情況下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks, milk-milks2以s. x. sh. ch. o結(jié)尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes3以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾，變y為i, 再加-es，如：study-studies一般現(xiàn)在時練習(xí)：一、 寫出下列動詞的第三人稱單數(shù) drink _ go _ stay _ make _look _ have_ pass_ _ carry _ _come_ watch_ plant_ fly _study_ brush_ do_ teach_二、用括號內(nèi)動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. He often _ _ _(have) dinner at home.2. Daniel and Tommy _ _ _(be) in Class One.3. We _ _ _(not watch) TV on Monday.4. Nick _ _ _(not go) to the zoo on Sunday.5. _ _ _ they _ _ _(like) the World Cup?6. What _ _ _they often _ _ _(do) on Saturdays?7. _ _ _ your parents _ _ _(read) newspapers every day?8. The girl _ _ _(teach) us English on Sundays.9. She and I _ _ _(take) a walk together every evening.10. There _ _ _(be) some water in the bottle.11. Mike _ _ _(like) cooking.12. They _ _ _(have) the same hobby.13. My aunt _ _ _(look) after her baby carefully.14. You always _ _ _(do) your homework well.15. I _ _ _(be) ill. Im staying in bed.16. She _ _ _(go) to school from Monday to Friday.17. Liu Tao _ _(do) not like PE.18. The child often _ _ _(watch) TV in the evening.19. Su Hai and Su Yang _ _(have) eight lessons this term.20. What day _ _ _(be) it today? Its Saturday.三、按照要求改寫句子1. Daniel watches TV every evening.(改為否定句)_2. I do my homework every day.(改為一般疑問句，作否定回答)_3. She likes milk.(改為一般疑問句，作肯定回答)_4. Amy likes playing computer games.(改為一般疑問句，作否定回答)_5. We go to school every morning.(改為否定句)_6. He speaks English very well.(改為否定句)_7. I like taking photos in the park.(對劃線部分提問)_8. John comes from Canada.(對劃線部分提問)_9. She is always a good student.(改為一般疑問句，作否定回答)_10. Simon and Daniel like going skating.(改為否定句)_五、改錯(劃出錯誤的地方，將正確的寫在橫線上)1. Is your brother speak English? _2. Does he likes going fishing? _3. He likes play games after class. _4. Mr. Wu teachs us English. _5. She dont do her homework on Sundays. _一般過去時1一般過去時的功能（1）表示過去某個時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。如：We visited our uncle last week.上周我們探望了我們的叔叔。（2）一般過去時也表示過去經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動作。如：I watched TV every day last month.上個月我每天都看電視。常和表示過去的時間狀語連用表示過去的時間狀語1、yesterdayYesterday，the day before yesterday，yesterday evening2、lastlast night，last+時間(last week , last month, last year)3、agoa moment ago（=just now），long long ago，“一段時間+ago”表示“前”。如：three days ago”4、這一組,是考試?？嫉?需要特別記憶!this morning，when I was five years old，in +過去時間詞(in 1998)，once upon a time(很久以前)2Be動詞在一般過去時中的變化：am 和is在一般過去時中變?yōu)閣as。are在一般過去時中變?yōu)閣ere。帶有was或were的句子，其否定、疑問的變化和is, am, are一樣，即否定句在was或were后加not（was not=wasnt ，were not=werent），一般疑問句把was或were調(diào)到句首。3句中沒有be動詞的一般過去時的句子否定句：didnt +動詞原形，如：Jim didnt go home yesterday.一般疑問句：在句首加did，句子中的動詞過去式變回原形。如：Did Jim go home yesterday?特殊疑問句：疑問詞+did+主語+動詞原形？如： What did Jim do yesterday?疑問詞當(dāng)主語時：疑問詞+動詞過去式？如：Who went to home yesterday?動詞過去式變化規(guī)則：1一般在動詞末尾加-ed，如：pull-pulled, cook-cooked2結(jié)尾是e加d，如：taste-tasted3末尾只有一個元音字母和一個輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)，應(yīng)雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped4以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的，變y為i， 再加-ed，如：study-studied過去時練習(xí)寫出下列動詞的過去式 isam_ fly_ plant_ are _drink_ play_ go_ make _does_ dance_ worry_ ask _taste_ eat_ draw_ put _throw_ kick_ pass_ do _Be動詞的過去時練習(xí)（1）一、 用be動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. I _ at school just now.2. He _ at the camp last week.3. We _ students two years ago.4. They _ on the farm a moment ago.5. Yang Ling _ eleven years old last year.6. There _ an apple on the plate yesterday.7. There _ some milk in the fridge on Sunday.8. The mobile phone _ on the sofa yesterday evening.二、 句型轉(zhuǎn)換1. It was exciting.否定句：_一般疑問句：_肯、否定回答：_2. All the students were very excited. 否定句：_一般疑問句：_肯、否定回答：_3. They were in his pocket. 否定句：_一般疑問句：_肯、否定回答：_Be動詞的過去時練習(xí)（2）一、用be動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. I _ an English teacher now.2. She _ happy yesterday.3. They _ glad to see each other last month.4. Helen and Nancy _ good friends.5. The little dog _ two years old this year.6. Look, there _ lots of grapes here.7. There _ a sign on the chair on Monday.8. Today _ the second of June. Yesterday _ the first of June. It _ Childrens Day. All the students _ very excited.二、句型轉(zhuǎn)換1. There was a car in front of the house just now. 否定句：_一般疑問句：_肯、否定回答：_肯、否定回答：_三、 中譯英1我的故事書剛才還在手表旁邊。_2他們的外套上個禮拜放在臥室里了。_3一會以前花園里有兩只小鳥。_行為動詞的過去時練習(xí)（1）一、用行為動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. He _ (live) in Wuxi two years ago.2. The cat _ (eat) a bird last night.3. We _ (have) a party last Halloween.4. Nancy _ (pick) up oranges on the farm last week.5. I _ (make) a model ship with Mike yesterday.6. They _ (play) chess in the classroom last PE lesson.7. My mother _ (cook) a nice food last Spring Festival.8. The girls _ (sing) and _ (dance) at the party.二、句型轉(zhuǎn)換1. Su Hai took some photos at the Sports day. 否定句：_一般疑問句：_肯、否定回答：_2. Nancy went to school early. 否定句：_一般疑問句：_肯、否定回答：_3. We sang some English songs. 否定句：_一般疑問句：_肯、否定回答：_行為動詞的過去時練習(xí)（2）Name _ No. _ Date _一、用be動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. I _ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday.2. Her father _ (read) a newspaper last night.3. We _ to zoo yesterday, we _ to the park. (go)4. _ you _ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival?5. _ he _ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he _.6. Gao Shan _ (pull) up carrots last National Day holiday.7. I _ (sweep) the floor yesterday, but my mother _.8. What _ she _ (find) in the garden last morning? She _ (find) a beautiful butterfly.二、句型轉(zhuǎn)換1. They played football in the playground. 否定句：_一般疑問句：_肯、否定回答：_三、中譯英1. 格林先生去年住在中國。2. 昨天我們參觀了農(nóng)場。3. 他剛才在找他的手機(jī)。_過去時綜合練習(xí)（1）一、 用動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. It _ (be) Bens birthday last Friday.2. We all _ (have) a good time last night.3. He _ (jump) high on last Sports Day. 4. Helen _ (milk) a cow on Friday.5. She likes _ newspapers, but she _ a book yesterday. (read)6. He _ football now, but they _ basketball just now. (play)7. Jims mother _ (plant) trees just now.8. _ they _ (sweep) the floor on Sunday? No, they _.9. I _ (watch) a cartoon on Monday.10. We _ (go) to school on Sunday.二、 中譯英1. 我們上周五看了一部電影。 _2. 他上個中秋節(jié)走親訪友了嗎？是的。 _3. 你們上個兒童節(jié)做了什么？我們參觀了動物園。 _4. 你上周在哪兒?在野營基地。 _過去時綜合練習(xí)（2）Name _ No. _ Date _一、 用動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. It _ (be) the 2nd of November yesterday. Mr White _ (go) to his office by car.2. Gao Shan _ (put) the book on his head a moment ago.3. Dont _ the house. Mum _ it yesterday. (clean)4. What _ you _ just now? I _ some housework. (do)5. They _ (make) a kite a week ago.6. I want to _ apples. But my dad _ all of them last month. (pick)7. _ he _ the flowers this morning? Yes, he _. (water)8. She _ (be) a pretty girl. Look, she _ (do) Chinese dances.9. The students often _ (draw) some pictures in the art room.10.What _ Mike do on the farm? He _ cows. (milk)二、中譯英1. 他的朋友在照看他的弟弟。 _2. 去年端午節(jié)我們沒去看了龍舟比賽。 _3. 他在音樂課上拉小提琴了嗎？不，沒有。 _現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時1現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的功能（1）表示現(xiàn)在（說話時）正在發(fā)生的動作，一般和now,right now,at this moment等連用。（2）也可以表示當(dāng)前一段時間正在發(fā)生的事情（說話時不一定進(jìn)行），常與this week，this month，these days（這些天）連用。如：We are writing a book this month.這個月我們正在寫一本書。2現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的構(gòu)成肯定句：主語+be動詞（am /is /are）+動詞ing+其他。如：They are playing basketball now.他們現(xiàn)在在打籃球。 He is cleaning the classroom now.他正在打掃教室。 I am reading a book.我正在讀一本書。否定句：主語+be動詞（am /is /are）+not+動詞ing+其他。如：They are not playing basketball now.他們現(xiàn)在不在打籃球。一般疑問句：Be動詞+主語+動詞ing+其他?？隙ɑ卮穑篩es，主語+be動詞（am /is /are）。否定回答：No，主語+be動詞（am /is /are）+not。如：Are they playing basketball now.他們現(xiàn)在在打籃球嗎？特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句如：What are they playing now?他們現(xiàn)在在玩什么？但是，當(dāng)疑問詞為主語時，其結(jié)構(gòu)為：疑問詞+ be + 動詞ing?如：Who are playing baskerball now?誰正在打籃球？動詞加ing的變化規(guī)則1一般情況下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking2以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾，去e加ing，如：make-making, taste-tasting3如果末尾是一個元音字母和一個輔音字母，雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加ing，如：run-running, stop-stopping現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時專項練習(xí)：一、寫出下列動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞：play_ run_ swim _make_go_ like_write_ _ski_ read_ have_ sing_ dance_put_ see_ buy _ love_ live_ take_ come _get_stop_ sit _ begin_ shop_二、用所給的動詞的正確形式填空：1.The boy _ ( draw)a picture now.2. Listen .Some girls _ ( sing)in the classroom .3. My mother _ ( cook )some nice foodnow.4. What _ you _ ( do ) now?5. Look . They _( have) an English lesson .6.They _(not ,water) the flowers now.7.Look! the girls _(dance )in the classroom .8.What is our granddaughter doing? She _(listen ) to music.9. Its5oclock now. We _(have)supper now10._Helen_(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is .三、句型轉(zhuǎn)換：1. They are doing housework .(分別改成一般疑問句和否定句)_2The students are cleaning the classroom . ( 改一般疑問句并作肯定和否定回答)_3Im playing the football in the playground .(對劃線部分進(jìn)行提問)_4Tom is reading books in his study . (對劃線部分進(jìn)行提問)_一般將來時一、概念：表示將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計劃或準(zhǔn)備做某事。句中一般有以下時間狀語：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year),soon, the day after tomorrow（后天）等。 二、基本結(jié)構(gòu)：be going to + do；如：Im going to have a picnic this afternoon.will+ do. 如：I will have a picnic this afternoon.三、否定句：在be動詞（am, is, are）l后加not或情態(tài)動詞will后加not成wont。如：Im not going to have a picnic this afternoon.四、一般疑問句： be或will提到句首，some改為any, and改為or，第一二人稱互換。如：Are you going to have a picnic this afternoon?如：Will you have a picnic this afternoon?五、特殊疑問句。一般來說有三種情況：1.問人（對主語提問）。用Who如：Im going to New York soon. Whos going to New York soon.2.問干什么（對行為動詞提問）。用What do.如： My father is going to watch a race with me thisafternoon. What is your father going to do with you this afternoon.3.問什么時候（對時間提問）。When.如：Shes going to go to bed at nine. When is she goingto bed?練習(xí)：填空。1.我打算明天和朋友去野炊。I_ _ _ have a picnic with my friends.I _ have a picnic with my friends.2.下個星期一你打算去干嘛? 我想去打籃球。What _ _ _ _ _ next Monday? I _ _ _ play basketball.What _ you do next Monday? I _ play basketball.3. 你媽媽這個周末去購物嗎？是，她要去買一些水果。_ your mother _ _ go shopping this _? Yes, she _. She _ _ _ buy some fruit.4. 你們打算什么時候見面。What time _ you _ _ meet?改句子。5. Nancy is going to go camping.（改否定）Nancy _ going to go camping.6. Ill go and join them.（改否定）I _ go _ join them.7. Im going to get up at 6:30 tomorrow.（改一般疑問句）_ _ _ to get up at 6:30 tomorrow?