英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)及種類.doc

英語句子的兩種分法按句子的用途可以分為四種：1. 陳述句（肯定、否定）He is six years old.2. 疑問句（一般、特殊、選擇、反義）Do they like skating?How old is he?Marry can swim, can she?3. 祈使句Be careful, boys.Dont speak in class.4. 感嘆句How clever the boy is!按句子結(jié)構(gòu)可分為3種：簡單句、并列句、復(fù)合句1. 簡單句：只有一個主語（或并列主語）和一個謂語（或并列謂語）e.g. He often reads English in the morning. Tom and Mike are American boys. She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers. 我們可以給句子的動詞加上副詞修飾，給名詞加上形容詞或介詞短語修飾，給句子加上狀語等修飾，以使整個句子更加豐富和充實，但不管如何變，都只有一個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)。He worked hard all his life. (劃線部分在句子中做狀語，修飾worked)He is a school student in NO.1 middle school. (劃線部分在句子中做定語，修飾名詞student)簡單句的五個基本句型：l 主語+不及物動詞Water flows.l 主語+謂語動詞+賓語She likes English.l 主語+系動詞+主語補(bǔ)語She is happy.l 主語+動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語Ill tell her the news.Ill buy a book for you./ Ill buy you a bookl 主語+ 動詞+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)語The teacher asked me to read the passage.She makes her mother angry.主語：句子說明的人或事物。The sun rises in the east.(名詞)He likes dancing.（代詞）Twenty years is a short time in history.（數(shù)詞）What he needs is a book.（主語從句）It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree（It做形式主語，主語從句是真正的主語）練習(xí)：自己除下列句子中的中心詞。謂語：是對主語加以陳述，表示主語的行為或狀態(tài)，常用動詞或動詞詞組擔(dān)任，放在主語的后面。We study English. Where are you going to stay?表語：系動詞之后的成分，表示主語的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)和特征。He is a teacher.（名詞）my watch is missing. （形容詞化的分詞）Five plus five is ten. （數(shù)詞）The picture is on the wall. （介詞短語）The question is whether they will come.（表語從句）常見的系動詞有：be, sound, look, feel(摸起來、感覺), smell, taste（嘗、吃起來）, remain（保持、仍是）, The sound sounds strange.Soon they all became interested in the subject賓語：1）表示行為的對象，常由名詞或代詞擔(dān)任，放在及物動詞或介詞之后。I like China(名詞)Hoe many do you need? We need two（數(shù)詞）I enjoy working with you.（現(xiàn)在分詞）I hope to see you again.（不定式）Did you write down what he said?（賓語從句）2）介賓介詞后的名詞、代詞和動名詞Are you afraid of the snake?Under the snow, there are many rocks.3)雙賓語，間接賓語（指人）和直接賓語（指物）Give the poor man some money.Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?賓語補(bǔ)語：對賓語的補(bǔ)充We elected him monitor.We all think it a pity that she didnt come here.We will make them happy.His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson.Ill have my bike repaired.Dont keep the light burning.Please make yourself at home.定語：修飾或限定名詞或代詞的詞、詞組或句子Yang Ling is a chemistry teacher.He is our fiendHe was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.The man over there is my friend.The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister.The boys playing football are in class 2.The trees planted last year are growing well now,I have an idea to do it wellYou should do everything that I do.狀語：用來修飾v.,adj. .adv. ,或句子，表示時間、地點(diǎn)、目的、方式、原因、結(jié)果、程度、條件、和讓步。Ill go there tomorrow.The meeting will be held in the meeting room.He studies hard to learn English well.He didnt study well so that he failed in the exam.If you study hard, you will pass the exam.Though he is young, he can do it well.獨(dú)立成分：句子中可以去掉的成分，去掉后不影響句子的完整性。這種成分和句子的其他成分沒有語法關(guān)系。Oh! What is that!He has, alas, failed again.省略成分：句子中的省略成分，雖然沒有說出來，卻在句子中表示一定的意思。（I wish you ）Good luck.Some gave him praises, but others (gave him) rotten eggs.( I ) hope you like it.連接成分：連接成分實際上是一個連詞， 用來連接兩個或兩個以上的詞、短語或分句，這種詞叫并列連詞。 另一種連接成分是用來連接兩個句子，且一個句子從屬于另一個句子（即從句）連詞。這類連詞叫從屬連詞。一個完整的句子必須包含2個以上的句子成分，此外如果意思上有需要，還可包含一個或更多其它的句子成分。并列句：由兩個或以上的簡單句連接而成，相互之間沒有從屬關(guān)系，是平行并列的關(guān)系。句型：簡單句+并列連詞+簡單句并列句的分類：l 表示連接兩個同等概念的連詞有and，not onlybut also, neithernor,thenl 表示選擇常用的連詞有or, eitheror. ,otherwisel 表示轉(zhuǎn)折but，yet，while，l 表示因果 so， forAugust is the time of the year for rice harvest, so everyday I work from drawn till dark.復(fù)合句：含有兩個或以上主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的句子，其中一個句子是主句，另一個