大學基礎英語4背誦段落.doc

大學基礎英語Unit1 Thinking as a HobbyThis was my introduction to the nature of what is commonly called thought. Through them I discovered that thought is often full of unconscious prejudice, ignorance, and hypocrisy. It will lecture on disinterested purity while its neck is being remorselessly twisted toward a skirt. Technically, it is about as proficient as most businessmens golf, as honest as most politicians intentions, or as coherent as most books that get written. It is what I came to call grade-three thinking, though more properly, it is feeling, rather than thought. 我要對我的老師們進行詳細的分析是為了介紹一下通常被稱為思想的本質(zhì)。通過他們我發(fā)現(xiàn)思考通常是充滿了無意識的偏見、無知和虛偽的。在訓誡無私的純真的時候它的脖子卻為了短裙而執(zhí)意扭曲。從技術上而言，它嫻熟如同商人玩高爾夫，誠實如同政客的意圖，或者 更接近我自己的領域 有條理如同大多數(shù)寫出來的書。這就是后來被我稱作第三等級的思考，雖然事實上稱它為感覺更為恰當。Grade-two thinking is the detection of contradictions. Grade-two thinkers do not stampede easily, though often they fal linto the other fault and lag behind. Grade-two thinking is a withdrawal, with eyes and ears open. It destroys without having the power to create. It set me watching the crowds cheering His Majesty the King and asking myself what all the fuss was about, without giving me anything positive to put in the place of that heady patriotism. But there were compensations. To hear people justify their habit of hunting foxes by claiming that the foxes like it. To her our Prime Minister talk about the great benefit we conferred on India by jailing people like Nehru and Gandhi. To hear American politicians talk about peace and refuse to join the League of Nations. Yes, there were moments of delight. 第二個等級的思考是對于矛盾的覺察。第二等級的思考者雖然常?；貢噶硪粋€錯，落在后面，但他們不會輕易地被嚇倒。第二等級思考是一種警醒狀態(tài)下的退縮。這種思考成為我的嗜好，給我?guī)頋M足干的同時也帶來孤獨感。因為第二等級思考具有破壞卻沒有創(chuàng)造的能力。它讓我在冷眼看著人群為國王陛下歡呼的時候覺得這樣的喧囂不知所謂，卻沒有提供什么可以替代這樣強烈愛國精神。但是這樣的思考還是有好處的。聽人們以狐貍喜歡這樣的待遇為理由為他們捕獵狐貍，把它們撕成碎片的習慣辯護，我們的女首相談論通過逮捕尼赫魯和甘地這樣的人跟印度協(xié)商的好處，美國政客們可以剛談完和平轉(zhuǎn)身就拒絕加入國際聯(lián)盟的時候，是的，還是有令人高興的時刻的。Grade-two thinking, though it filled life with fun and excitement, did not make for content. To find out the deficiencies of our elders satisfies the young ego but does not make for personal security. It took the swimmer some distance from the shore and left him there, out of his depth. A typical grade-two thinker will say, What is truth? There is still a higher grade of thought which says, What is truth? and sets out to find it.第二等級思考雖然讓生活充滿了樂趣和興奮，卻無法令人滿足。尋找比我們年長的人的缺陷助長了年輕的自我，卻無法讓人覺得安全。我發(fā)現(xiàn)第二等級不僅是指出矛盾的力量。它帶著游泳者離開岸游了一段距離，然后把他留在那里，束手無策。我判定本丟.彼拉多就是典型的第二等級思考者?！笆裁词钦胬?？”他問道，一種十分常見卻總出現(xiàn)在爭論的末尾而不是開頭的第二等級思考m 67。還有更高一級的思索問過“什么是真理？”后就開始去尋找它。Unit2 Spring SowingOh,whatdowecarewhoislooking?saidMary;butshedrewbackatthesametimeandgazeddistantlyattheground.ThenMartincutthesod,andpressingthespadedeepintotheearthwithhisfoot,heturnedupthefirstsodwithacrunchingsoundasthegrasrootsweredraggedoutoftheearth.Marysighedandwalkedbackhurriedlytoherseedswithfurrowedbrows.Shepickedupherseedsandbegantospreadthemrapidlytodriveoutthesuddenterrorthathadseizedheratthatmomentwhtenshesawthefierce,hardlookinherhusbandseyesthatwereunconsciousofherpresence.Shebecamesuddenlyafraidofthatpitiless,cruelearth,thepeasantsslavemaster,thatwouldkeepherchainedtohardworkandpovertyallherlifeuntilshewouldsinkagainintoitsbosom.Hershort-livedlovewasgone.Henceforthshewasonlyherhusbandshelpertotilltheearth.AndMartin,absolutelywithoutthought,workedfuriously,coveringtheridgewithblockearth,hissharpspadegleamingwhiteashewhirleditsidewaystobeatthesods.“哦，我們干嘛在意誰在看？”瑪麗說著，但同時她后退了幾步，盯著遠處的地面。這時，馬丁鏟斷草皮，用腳將鐵鍬深深地踩進土里，翻起了遞一塊草皮，草根被拽出土地時，發(fā)出嘎吱聲?，旣悋@了口氣，皺緊眉頭，匆忙回到放土豆種的地方。她拿起種子，開始飛快栽種起來，以此來驅(qū)散那突然襲來的恐懼感，剛才她看到丈夫那兇猛、嚴厲的眼神根本沒有意識到她的存在。她突然害怕這塊冷酷無情的土地，這個農(nóng)民的奴隸主，會把她一生都束縛在辛勞和貧苦中，直到她重返大地的懷抱。她那短暫的愛情已經(jīng)一去不復返了。從此以后，她只不過是丈夫耕田種地的幫手了。而此時馬丁根本什么也不想，只是在拼命的干活，往壟上培黑土。當他旋轉(zhuǎn)著鐵鍬在一側(cè)拍打草皮時，鋒利的鐵鍬泛著白光。If I Rest, I RustThe significant inscription found on an old key-“If I rest, I rust”-would be an excellent motto for those who are afflicted with the slightest bit of idleness. Even the most industrious person might adopt it with advantage to serve as a reminder that, if one allows his faculties to rest, like the iron in the unused key, they will soon show signs of rust and, ultimately, cannot do the work required of them.Those who would attain the heights reached and kept by great men must keep their faculties polished by constant use, so that they may unlock the doors of knowledge, the gate that guard the entrances to the professions, to science, art, literature, agriculture-every department of human endeavor.Industry keeps bright the key that opens the treasury of achievement. If Hugh Miller, after toiling all day in a quarry, had devoted his evenings to rest and recreation, he would never have become a famous geologist. The celebrated mathematician, Edmund Stone, would never have published a mathematical dictionary, never have found the key to science of mathematics, if he had given his spare moments to idleness, had the little Scotch lad, Ferguson, allowed the busy brain to go to sleep while he tended sheep on the hillside instead of calculating the position of the stars by a string of beads, he would never have become a famous astronomer.Labor vanquishes all-not inconstant, spasmodic, or ill-directed labor; but faithful, unremitting, daily effort toward a well-directed purpose. Just as truly as eternal vigilance is the price of liberty, so is eternal industry the price of noble and enduring success. 如果我休息，我就會生銹在一把舊鑰匙上發(fā)現(xiàn)了一則意義深遠的銘文如果我休息，我就會生銹。對于那些懶散而煩惱的人來說，這將是至理名言。甚至最為勤勉的人也以此作為警示：如果一個人有才能而不用，就像廢棄鑰匙上的鐵一樣，這些才能就會很快生銹，并最終無法完成安排給自己的工作。有些人想取得偉人所獲得并保持的成就，他們就必須不斷運用自身才能，以便開啟知識的大門，即那些通往人類努力探求的各個領域的大門，這些領域包括各種職業(yè)：科學，藝術，文學，農(nóng)業(yè)等。勤奮使開啟成功寶庫的鑰匙保持光亮。如果休米勒在采石場勞作一天后，晚上的時光用來休息消遣的話，他就不會成為名垂青史的地質(zhì)學家。著名數(shù)學家愛德蒙斯通如果閑暇時無所事事，就不會出版數(shù)學詞典，也不會發(fā)現(xiàn)開啟數(shù)學之門的鑰匙。如果蘇格蘭青年弗格森在山坡上放羊時，讓他那思維活躍的大腦處于休息狀態(tài)，而不是借助一串珠子計算星星的位置，他就不會成為著名的天文學家。勞動征服一切。這里所指的勞動不是斷斷續(xù)續(xù)的，間歇性的或方向偏差的勞動，而是堅定的，不懈的，方向正確的每日勞動。正如要想擁有自由就要時刻保持警惕一樣，要想取得偉大的，持久的成功，就必須堅持不懈地努力。Unit3 Groundless Beliefs “Self-interest” is to be understood first in the ordinary sense, as referring to a mans way of earning his livelihood and acquiring wealth. But we may extend the term to cover also his interest in social position; popularity with his fellows; the respect and goodwill of those whose respect and goodwill he values. It covers his interest in his own career, in whatever prestige he enjoys as one of the leadersor at least as a valued supporterof some movement or institution, some religious body, some other kind of society or group. There is many a man who is unconsciously compelled to cling to a belief because he is a “somebody” in some circleand if he were to abandon that belief, he would find himself nobody at all. 從一般意義上來說，“自身利益”首先應該被理解為一個人謀生與獲取財富的一種方式。然而，“自身利益”這個詞的意思可以引申到包括一個人的社會地位，在同事中的聲望，以及他所重視的來自他人的尊重與友善。它還可以涉及一個人在事業(yè)中的利益，他作為某一運動或機構(gòu)、某一宗教團體或其他社會團體的領導者之一，或者是至少作為受到重視的支持者所享有的名望。許多人無意識地被迫堅持某種觀點，因為他是某個圈子里的“重要人物”如果他放棄這一觀點，就會成為無足輕重的小人物。We all know the person who has a string of stock anecdotes. We all know too the person who has certain stock arguments and opinions which he expresses, almost in the same words, whenever he receives the “cue.” We all know men and women whose minds work like gramophones. Put them on to the “record” about the good old days; or about prohibition; or about the wicked capitalist; or about the lazy and improvident workers; or about the country going to the dogs; or about the modern girl; or some long, tedious anecdote about what I said to him, and what he said to me, and I said and he said and then I told him straight! All we have to do is to start him offand nothing on earth can stop himuntil the “record” has run out! 我們都認識某位總講一連串陳舊故事的人。我們也都認識那個一旦收到“暗示”，就幾乎總是用同樣的話語表達著某些陳腐的觀點和看法的人。我們都知道一些大腦工作起來像留聲機一樣的男子和女人。讓他們放關于過去好日子的“錄音”，放關于20世紀二三十年代的禁酒時期的錄音，關于罪惡的資本家們的錄音，關于懶散而又目光短淺的工人們的錄音，關于走向衰落的國家，關于時髦的女郎，或是關于我對他說的，他說給我的話，我說他說然后我又直接告訴他這些冗長乏味的陳年瑣事的錄音！我們能做的就是讓他無休止地說下去無論什么也無法阻止他一直到錄音全部放完為止！Unit4 Sonnet XVIIIShall I compare thee to a summers day?Thou art more lovely and more temperate:Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,And summers lease hath all too short a date:Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,And often is his gold complexion dimmd;And every fair from fair sometime declines,By chance or natures changing course untrimmdBut thy eternal summer shall not fadeNor lose possession of that fair thou owst;Nor shall Death brag thou wanderst in his shade,When in eternal lines to time thou growest:So long as men can breathe or eyes can see,So long lives this and this gives life to thee.能不能讓我來把你比擬做夏日? 你可是更加溫和,更加可愛： 狂風會吹落五月里開的好花兒, 夏季的生命又未免結(jié)束得太快： 有時候蒼天的巨眼照得太灼熱, 他那金彩的臉色也會被遮暗； 每一樣美呀,總會離開美而凋落, 被時機或者自然的代謝所摧殘； 但是你永久的夏天決不會凋枯, 你永遠不會失去你美的儀態(tài)； 死神夸不著你在他的影子里躑躅, 你將在不朽的詩中與時間同在； 只要人類在呼吸,眼睛看得見, 我這詩就活著,使你的生命綿延.Unit5 For Want of a DrinkWhen the word water appears in print these days, crisis is rarely far behind. Water, it is said, is the new oil: a resource long squandered, now growing expensive and soon to be overwhelmed by insatiable demand. Aquifers are falling, glaciers vanishing, reservoirs drying up and rivers no longer flowing to the sea. Climate change threatens to make the problems worse. Everyone must use less water if famine, pestilence and mass migration are not to sweep the globe. As it is, wars are about to break out between countries squabbling over dams and rivers. If the apocalypse is still a little way off, it is only because the four horsemen and their steeds have stopped to search for something to drink.The language is often overblown, and the remedies sometimes illconceived, but the basic message is not wrong. Water is indeed scarce in many places, and will grow scarcer. Bringing supply and demand into equilibrium will be painful, and political disputes may increase in number and intensify in their capacity to cause trouble. To carry on with present practices would indeed be to invite disaster.Unit6 TheTelephoneWhenIwasgrowingupinMagdaluna,asmallLebanese villageintheterraced,rockymountainseastofSidon,timedidntmeanmuchtoanybody,exceptmaybetothosewhoweredying.Inthosedays,therewasnorealneedforacalendarorawatchtokeeptrackofthehours,days,months,andyears.Weknewwhattodoandwhentodoit,justastheIraqigeeseknewwhentoflynorth,drivenbythehotwindthatblewinfromthedesert.Theonlytimepiecewehadneedofthenwasthesun.Itroseandset,andtheseasonsrolledbyandwesowedseedandharvestedandate andplayedandmarriedourcousinsandhadbabieswhogotwhoopingcoughandchickenpoxandthosechildrenwhosurvivedgrewupandmarriedtheircousinsandhadbabieswhogotwhoopingcoughandchickenpox.Welivedandlovedandtoiledanddiedwithouteverneedingtoknowwhatyearitwas,oreventhetimeofday.我小時候住在一個叫做馬格達路納的黎巴嫩小村莊里，它位于西頓以東梯田環(huán)繞的多石的山區(qū)。對于村里的人們來說，時間并不是很重要-也許除了病危的人以外。那時候，我們實在無需日歷或手表這類東西來計時，計日，計月，計年。我們知道什么時候該做什么事情，就像伊拉克大雁受到來自沙漠熱風的驅(qū)使，知道什么時候該向北飛一樣。那時候，太陽是我們唯一需要的計時器。日出日落，四季不停輪換。我們就隨之播種，收獲，吃飯，玩耍，到時候和表兄弟姐妹結(jié)婚生子，到時候這些孩子就得百日咳和水痘那些活下來的孩子長大后又和他們的表親結(jié)婚生子，孩子到時候又得百日咳和水痘。我們出生，結(jié)婚，勞動，甚至死去，都無需知道這些事發(fā)生在哪一年，也無須知道具體是一天的哪個時段。Unit9The Goodness of LifeThough there is much to be concerned about, there is far, far more for which to be thankful. Though lifes goodness can at times be overshadowed, it is never outweighed.For every single act that is senselessly destructive, there are thousands more small, quiet acts of love, kindness and compassion. For every person who seeks to hurt, there are many, many more who devote their lives to helping and to healing.There is goodness to life that cannot be denied.In the most magnificent vistas and in the smallest details, look closely, for that goodness always comes shining through.There is no limit to the goodness of life. It grows more abundant with each new encounter. The more you experience and appreciate the goodness of life, the more there is to be lived.Even when the cold winds blow and the world seems to be covered in foggy shadows, the goodness of life lives on. Open your eyes open your heart, and you will see that goodness is everywhere.Though the goodness of life seems at times to suffer setbacks, it always endures. For in the darkest moment it becomes vividly clear that life is a priceless treasure. And so the goodness of life is made even stronger by the very things that would oppose it.Time and time again when you feared it was gone forever you found that the goodness of life was really only a moment away. Around the next corner, inside every moment, the goodness of life is there to surprise and delight you.Take a moment to let the goodness of life touch your spirit and calm your thoughts. Then, share your good fortune with another. For the goodness of life grows more and more magnificent each time it is given away.Though the problems constantly scream for attention and the conflicts appear to rage ever stronger, the goodness of life grows stronger still, quietly, peacefully, with more purpose and meaning than ever before.盡管有很多事讓人憂慮，但相比而言，值得感激的事要多得多。盡管生命的美好有時被蒙上陰影，但它卻永遠不會被埋沒。相對于每一個無謂的破壞行為而言，都是更多數(shù)以千計更為微小的、包含著愛、友善和同情的舉動靜靜地上演著。相對每一個試圖傷害他人的人而言，都是更多的人致力于幫助他人，治愈他人的創(chuàng)傷。生命的美好不能否認。在最為壯觀的前景和最為瑣碎的細節(jié)中，請仔細觀察，因為美好的事物總是散發(fā)著耀眼的光芒閃亮登場。生命的美好沒有界限。每一次相遇都會使這美好變得越發(fā)豐富。你經(jīng)歷的越多，越能欣賞生命的美好，生命中的美好就會變的越多。即使當寒風襲來，整個世界似乎被霧氣掩蓋之時，生命的美好仍會存在。睜開雙眼，打開心扉，你就會發(fā)現(xiàn)這美好無處不在。盡管生命的美好有時似乎遭遇挫折，但它總會挺過來。因為，在最黑暗的時刻，有一點變得格外清楚，那就是，生命是無價的財富。因此，正是與生命的美好相對立的事物使其越發(fā)強大。無數(shù)次地，當你擔心這美好已經(jīng)遠離之時，你就會發(fā)現(xiàn)生命的美好其實只是與你相隔須臾。它就在下一個角落，存在于每個時刻之間，等著給你驚喜?；ㄐr間讓生命的美好感動自己的靈魂，放松自己的思緒。然后，把你的幸運與他人分享。因為生命的美好就會在每次給予之間變得越來越壯觀。盡管總是有問題讓你去關注，沖突也似乎愈演愈烈，但生命的美好卻總是靜靜地、平和地，帶著比以往更強的意志和更多的價值變得更為強大。Unit11 Soldiers HeartIt is right to remember such thing as I have describedin the first place, because those who have lived and died before us should be remembered, insofar as it is possible. Otherwise our own lives seem worthless. In the second place, war is a permanent human condition, and men and women will have to face it. It may help them to know how people no stronger physically or mentally than they have faced it.Unit13Mothers Love 媽媽的愛there is no love,like a mothers love沒有任何一種啊,可以和母愛相比no stronger bond on earth.世界上也沒有比之更強大的凝聚力like the precious bond that comes from godto a mother,象神賜與一個母親的珍寶when she gives birth當她孕育一個新生命a mothers love is forever strong母愛是強大而永恒持久的never changing for all time.任何時候都不會改變and when her children need her most當她的孩子最需要她的時候a mothers love will shine母愛就會照亮（孩子的心靈）god bless these special mothers上帝保佑這些特別的母親god bless them every one.上帝保佑她們中的每一個for all the tears and heartache所有的眼淚和悲傷and for the special work theyre done已及她們所做的特殊工作when her das on earth are over直到生命終止的那一天a mothers love lives on母愛依舊長存through many generatious通過代代相傳with gods blessings on each one上帝在保佑著每一個母親be thankful for our mothers對我們的母親感恩吧!for they love whit a higher love因為她們的愛是一種無私的奉獻from the power god has given是上帝賦予的力量and the strength from up above是所有超越一切的力量1. Simile 明喻A figure of speech in which one thing is likened to another. It is an explicit comparison indicated by the word like or as.e.g. A beauty is both charming and thorny like a rose.2. Metaphor 暗喻A figure of speech containing an implied comparison, in which a word or phrase ordinarily and primarily used of one thing is applied to another.e.g. Life is a box of chocolate, you never e.g. Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed and some few to be chewed and digested.3. Personification 擬人A figure of speech in which a thing, quality, or idea is treated as a person.e.g. The year 1871 witnessed the heroic uprising of the Paris Commune.4. Metonymy 換喻A figure of speech that consists in using the name of one thing for that of something else with which it is closely associated.e.g. When the war was over, he took up the pen again.5. Synecdoche 提喻A figure of speech in which a part is used for a whole, an individual for a class, (a material for a thing), or the reverse of any of these.e.g. Germany beat Argentina 2 to 1 in this exciting football match.e.g. The farms were short of hands during the harvest season.6. Euphemism 委婉語It is the substitution of a mild or vague expression for a harsh or unpleasant one.e.g. to die: to pass away, to leave us; ones heart has stopped beatinge.g. old people: senior citizense.g. dustman / garbage collector: sanitation workere.g.When we came back we found him in an armchair, peacefully gone to sleep but for ever. 7. Irony 反語A method of humorous or subtly sarcastic expression in which the intended meaning of the words used is the direct opposite of their usual sense.一種富有幽默感或精妙的挖苦人的表達方法，其所用的詞語意欲表達的意義正與這些詞語的通常意義相反。e.g. This diligent student seldom reads more than an hour per month.8. Overstatement & Understatement 夸張與低調(diào)陳述Overstatement：(also hyperbole) a figure of speech which gently exaggerates the truth言過其實Understatement：statement that expresses an idea, etc. too weakly. 輕描淡寫e.g. Shes dying to meet you. e.g. On hearing that he had been admitted to that famous university, he whispered to himself, “Im the luckiest man in the world.”e.g. It took a few dollars to build this indoor swimming pool. 9. Transferred Epithet 移就An epithet is an adjective or descriptive phrase that serves to characterize sb. or sth.A transferred epithet is one that is shifted from the noun it log