職稱英語理工類C級閱讀理解復習資料.doc

職稱英語理工類C級閱讀理解復習資料(1)Electric Backpack1. Backpacks(背包) are convenient. They can hold your books, your lunch, and a change of clothes, leaving your hands free to do other things. Someday, if you dont mind carrying a heavy load, your backpacks might also power your MP3 player, keep your cell phone running, and maybe even light your way home.2. Lawrence C. Rome and his colleagues from the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia(費城美國賓夕法尼亞州東南部港市) and the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole(美國馬薩諸塞州的一個漁村，也是許多重要研究機構所在地), Mass(Massachusetts 的縮寫：馬薩諸塞州，美國東北部的一個州)have invented a backpack that makes electricity from energy produced while its wearer walks. In military actions, search-and-rescue operations, and scientific field studies, people rely increasingly on cell phones, global positioning system (GPS)(全球定位系統(tǒng)) receivers(接收機), night-vision goggles(夜視鏡), and other battery-powered devices to get around and do their work. The backpacks electricity-generating feature could dramatically reduce the amount of a wearers load now devoted to spare batteries, report Rome and his colleagues in the Sept. 9 Science6.3. The backpacks electricity-creating powers depend on springs used to hang a cloth pack from its metal frame. The frame sits against the wearers back, and the whole pack moves up and down as the person walks. A gear mechanism converts vertical(垂直的) movements of the pack to rotary (旋轉的)motions of an electrical generator, producing up to 7.4 watts(瓦(特).4. Unexpectedly, tests showed that wearers of the new backpack alter their gaits(步態(tài)，步法) in response to the packs oscillations(擺動) so that they carry loads more comfortably and with less effort than they do ordinary backpacks. Because of that surprising advantage, Rome plans to commercialize(商業(yè)化) both electric and non-electric versions of the backpack.5. The backpack could be especially useful for soldiers, scientists, mountaineers(登山運動員), and emergency workers who typically carry heavy backpacks. For the rest of us, power-generating backpacks could make it possible to walk, play video games, watch TV, and listen to music, all at the same time. Electricity-generating packs arent on the market yet, but if you do get one eventually, just make sure to look both ways before crossing the street!Questions:1. Backpacks are convenient because_.A) They can be very largeB) They can hold as many things as you want to carry.C) Your hands are freed to do other things.D) You do not have to carry things with you.2. What is the most important feature of the backpack invented by Lawrence C. Rome and his colleagues?A) It produces electricity for electronic devices while the wearer walks.B) It can be used as cell phones, GPS in the military actions or field studies.C) It is small and convenient.D) It is light and easy to carry.3. The word “springs” in Paragraph 3 means _.A) a small stream of water flowing naturally from the earth.B) the season of the year, occurring between winter and summer.C) the act or an instance of jumping or leaping.D) a length of metal wound around, which returns to its original shape after being pushed.4. According to Paragraph 4, what does Rome plan to do?A) To make the backpack more comfortable for the wearer.B) To put the backpack on the market.C) To test the advantage of the backpack.D) To promote the backpack in a newspaper or on television.5. What is implied in “if you do get one eventually, just make sure to look both ways before crossing the street!”A) You will be too excited to watch the traffic.B) Enjoying electronic devices while walking may invite traffic accidents.C) It is not possible for you to get such a backpack.D) It is wise of you to have such a backpack.文章詳解：1. 首先解讀標題：Electric(這是理工類閱讀中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的單詞，因此含義要記住：電子的)Backpack(合成詞：back是后背的意思，pack是包、包裹的意思，因此backpack就是背包。)背包是大家日常生活中很熟悉的東西，但電子背包沒聽說過。帶著一份好奇，通讀一遍原文，大致了解，電子書包除了大家知道的普通功能之外，科學家還打算讓它具有更多更新的功能。雖然現(xiàn)在市場上還買不到，但總有一天會走進我們的生活，為我們帶來更多便利的。2.接下來，在正式看文章每句話之前，先瀏覽所設置的問題，這樣一方面可以更清楚地了解文章的脈絡，另一方面一會兒精讀時，也比較容易在相關段落找到答案。通過看五個問題，我們知道，它們的答案就出現(xiàn)在文章相應的五個段落里，而且以細節(jié)題居多。所以，我們就看一題，針對性地精讀一段。先看問題1：1. Backpacks are convenient because_.A) They can be very large他們能夠非常大B) They can hold as many things as you want to carry.你想帶多少東西，背包就能裝多少東西C) Your hands are freed to do other things.你的雙手能夠被解放出來干其它事情D) You do not have to carry things with you. 你不用隨身攜帶東西了。題目的意思是：背包很方便，是因為。標準的細節(jié)題形式：文章一開頭，就提到Backpacks(背包) are convenient.所以，我們一起把第一段讀完：They can hold(裝) your books, your lunch, and a change of clothes(換洗衣服), leaving (留著)your hands free (自由的、空閑的)to do other things. Someday(有朝一日), if(如果) you dont mind carrying (介意做某事，一般用mind doing sth)a heavy load(很重的東西), your backpacks might also power(動詞，給。提供電能) your MP3 player(MP3播放機), keep(使) your cell phone (手機)running(運行、運轉), and maybe even light(照亮) your way home(你回家的路).看到這里，問題應該有答案了，就是因為C。而其它三個答案，根本就沒出現(xiàn)在段落里。3.看第二題：2. What is the most important feature (特點、特征)of the backpack invented by Lawrence C. Rome and his colleagues(過去分詞短語做定語，被。所發(fā)明的背包)?A) It produces electricity for electronic devices(設施) while the wearer walks.當背著它的人在行走時，它能為電子設施產(chǎn)生電流。B) It can be used as cell phones, GPS in the military actions or field studies.在軍事行動中或在科學領域研究中，它能被用作手機電話、全球定位系統(tǒng)。C) It is small and convenient. 它又小又方便。D) It is light and easy to carry. 它輕而且容易攜帶。題目的意思：由Lawrence和他的同事所發(fā)明的背包最重要的特征是什么?這是一道細節(jié)題。一起讀第二段：Lawrence C. Rome and his colleagues(同事們) from(來自于) the University of Pennsylvania(賓西法尼亞大學) in Philadelphia(費城美國賓夕法尼亞州東南部港市) and the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole(美國馬薩諸塞州的一個漁村，也是許多重要研究機構所在地), Mass(Massachusetts 的縮寫：馬薩諸塞州，美國東北部的一個州。)have invented(發(fā)明) a backpack that makes electricity from energy produced(定語從句，意思是：背包能夠通過被產(chǎn)生的能量而發(fā)電) while its wearer walks. In military actions(在軍事行動中), search-and-rescue(搜救) operations(行動), and scientific field studies(科學領域的研究), people increasingly(越來越)rely on (依賴)cell phones, global positioning system (GPS)(全球定位系統(tǒng)) receivers(接收機), night-vision goggles(夜視鏡), and other(其它的) battery-powered(以電池為動力的) devices(設施) to get around(四處活動) and do their work. The backpacks electricity-generating(發(fā)電的，復合形容詞，來自于：generate electricity) feature could dramatically(極大地， 同義詞：greatly) reduce(減少) the amount (數(shù)量)of a wearers load(負重、重量) now devoted to(過去分詞短語做定語，修飾load，表示被用于。) spare batteries(備用電池)(這句話的意思是：背包的發(fā)電的特征能夠大大地減少過去用于攜帶備用電池所增加的重量), report(報告) Rome and his colleagues in the Sept. 9 Science(科學雜志，是國際上著名的自然科學綜合類學術期刊，當年愛因斯坦的相對論就發(fā)表其上。).通過對這一段的學習，我們知道了這種背包最重要的特性就是：當背上它的人一邊走就會一邊產(chǎn)生電能。所以答案為A。4.讓我們繼續(xù)看第三題：3. The word “springs” in Paragraph 3 means _.A) a small stream of water flowing naturally from the earth.一小股自然流淌的水流(泉水)B) the season of the year, occurring between winter and summer.一年中的一個季節(jié)，介于冬季和夏季之間(春天)C) the act or an instance of jumping or leaping. 突然跳起來(蹦)D) a length of metal wound around, which returns to its original shape after being pushed. 來回繞的一段金屬，在被擠壓后能回復它的原形(彈簧)這種題型屬于曾經(jīng)介紹過的單詞釋義題，通常所面對的詞匯是多義詞，但要通過它出現(xiàn)的上下文，猜測出它的含義。Spring當動詞時，意思是蹦、躍起;當名詞講，是泉水、彈簧、發(fā)條、春天等。讓我們看看文章里含有該詞的句子：The backpacks electricity-creating(產(chǎn)生的) powers (能量)depend on springs used(被用來) to hang(掛) a cloth pack(布包) from its metal frame(金屬框架).所以，可以推斷spring只能當彈簧講，因此答案是D。The frame sits(擱、放) against (倚、靠)the wearers back, and the whole pack(包) moves up and down(上下移動) as(當) the person walks. A gear ()mechanism(機械裝置) converts(轉化) vertical(垂直的) movements of the pack to rotary (旋轉的)motions(運動) of an electrical generator(電子發(fā)電機), producing up to(多達) 7.4 watts(瓦，電功率單位).5.第四題：4. According to Paragraph 4, what does Rome plan to do?A) To make the backpack more comfortable for the wearer.為了使背包對于背的人來說更舒適B) To put the backpack on the market. 為了把背包推向市場C) To test the advantage of the backpack. 為了檢測背包的優(yōu)點D) To promote the backpack in a newspaper or on television.為了在報紙上或電視上促銷背包。題目的意思是;根據(jù)第四段，羅馬計劃要做什么?又是細節(jié)題。Unexpectedly(出人意料的是), tests (實驗)showed that wearers of the new backpack alter(同義詞change, 改變)their gaits(步態(tài)，步法) in response to(響應、配合)the packs oscillations(擺動) so that (引導目的狀語從句，表示“為了”)they carry(攜帶) loads(重物、重量) more comfortably and with less effort(更少的力量) than they do ordinary(普通的) backpacks. Because of that surprising(令人吃驚的) advantage(優(yōu)點、優(yōu)勢), Rome plans(動詞，計劃) to commercialize(使。商業(yè)化) both electric(電子的) and non-electric(非電子的) versions (種類)of the backpack.最后一句是答案的出處，即Rome計劃將這種背包商業(yè)化，即，推向市場。所以，答案是B。6.看最后一個問題：5. What is implied in “if you do get one eventually, just make sure to look both ways before crossing the street!”A) You will be too excited to watch the traffic. 你會太興奮以至于不注意來往車輛。B) Enjoying electronic devices while walking may invite traffic accidents.一邊走一邊享受電子設施有可能會導致意外。C) It is not possible for you to get such a backpack.你不可能得到這樣一個背包。D) It is wise of you to have such a backpack. 擁有這樣一個背包對你來說是明智的。題目的意思是：“如果你終于得到這樣的背包，過馬路時一定要兩面都看看?！边@句話根據(jù)提問方式是推理題：即，根據(jù)文章已有的信息或文章的含義進行歸納和總結;或推斷文章的引申、暗示的含義;我們一起看最后一段：The backpack could be especially(尤其) useful(有用的) for soldiers(士兵), scientists, mountaineers(登山運動員), and emergency workers (對緊急情況進行處理的工作人員)who typically(特別地、獨特地) carry heavy backpacks. For the rest of us(對于我們其余人而言), power-generating backpacks could make it (形式賓語)possible to walk, play video games(玩游戲), watch TV, and listen to music, all at the same time(同時間進行). Electricity-generating packs arent on the market (還沒有出現(xiàn)在市場上)yet, but 5.if you do get one eventually, just make sure to look both ways before crossing the street!我們也知道，凡事既有利又有弊。通過讀這篇文章，我們知道電子背包有很多的優(yōu)點，但當我們一邊走路，一邊玩著游戲、聽著音樂、看著電視，就有可能會導致交通意外的發(fā)生。所以答案就是B。職稱英語理工類C級閱讀理解復習資料(2)Plant Gas1. Scientists have been studying natural sources of methane(甲烷，沼氣) for decades but hadnt regarded plants as a producer, notes Frank Keppler, a geochemist(地球化學家) at the Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics in Heldelberg, Germany. Now Keppler and his colleagues find that plants, from grasses to trees, may also be sources of the greenhouse gas. This is really surprising, because most scientists assumed that methane production requires an oxygen-free environment.2. Previously, researchers had thought that it was impossible for plants to make significant amounts of the gas. They had assumed that microbes(微生物) need to be in environments without oxygen to produce methane. Methane is a greenhouse gas, like carbon dioxide. Gases such as methane and carbon dioxide trap heat in Earths atmosphere and contribute to global warming.3. In its experiments, Kepplers team used sealed chambers (室，房間;腔) that contained the same concentration of oxygen that Earths atmosphere has. They measured the amounts of methane that were released by both living plants and dried plant material, such as fallen leaves.4. With the dried plants, the researchers took measurement at temperatures ranging from 30 degrees Celsius to 70 degrees C. At 30 degrees C, they found, a gram of dried plant material released up to 3 nanograms(微克) of methane per hour. (One nanogram is a billionth of a gram.) With every 10-degree rise in temperature, the amount of methane released each hour roughly doubled.5. Living plants growing at their normal temperatures released as much as 370 nanograms of methane per gram of plant tissue per hour. Methane emissions(散發(fā)，發(fā)射)tripled(增加三倍;) when living and dead plant was exposed to sunlight.6. Because there was plenty of oxygen available, its unlikely that the types of bacteria(bacterium的復數(shù)，細菌) that normally make methane were involved. Experiments on plants that were grown in water rather than soil also resulted in methane emissions. Thats another strong sign that the gas came from the plants and not soil microbes.7. The new finding is an “interesting observation,” says Jennifer Y. King, a biogeochemist(生物地球化學家) at the University of Minnesota in St. Paul. Because some types of soil microbes consume methane, they may prevent plant-produced methane from reaching the atmosphere. Field tests will be needed to assess the plants influence, she notes.注釋：1. the Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics in Heldelberg, Germany：馬克思普朗克核物理研究所，位于德國海德堡。海德堡系德國西南部城市，在巴登-符騰堡州的內(nèi)卡河畔。海德堡大學是德國歷史最悠久的大學。2. microbe：細菌，意義同 bacterium(bacteria的單數(shù)形式)，但 microbe 不用作專門術語。3. St. Paul：圣保羅，美國明尼蘇達州首府。練習：1. What was scientists understanding of methane?A) It was produced from plants.B) It was not a greenhouse gas.C) It was produced in oxygen-free environments.D) It traps more heat than any other greenhouse gas.2. To test whether plants are a source of methane, the scientists created _.A) an oxygen-free environment.B) an environment with the same concentration of oxygen as the Earth has.C) a carbon dioxide-free environment.D) an environment filled with the greenhouse gas3. Which statement is true of the methane emissions of plants in the experiment?A) The lower the temperature, the higher the amount of methane emissions.B) Living plants release less methane than dried plants at the same temperature.C) When exposed to sunlight, plants stop releasing methane.D) The higher the temperature, the greater the amount of methane emissions.4. What of the following about methane is Not mentioned in the passage?A) Plants growing in soil release methane.B) Plants growing in water release methane.C) Soil microbes consume methane.D) Microbes in plants produce methane.5. What is the beneficial point of some microbes consuming plant-produced methane?A) Methane becomes less poisonous.B) Methane is turned into a fertilizer.C) Less methane reaches the atmosphere.D) Air becomes cleaner.題目詳解：1.先看標題，推測文章主題：Plant(植物) Gas(氣體)，即植物能產(chǎn)生某種氣體。什么氣體?我們很快掃視文章發(fā)現(xiàn)文中有一個詞共出現(xiàn)了14次，它就是Methane(沼氣，學名甲烷)，因此標題中的gas就是指Methane。我們知道城市垃圾、煤礦、碳泥沼等會產(chǎn)生甲烷，從未聽說植物有這種可能性。所以可以說這是人類的又一次新的發(fā)現(xiàn)，它有助于我們重新認識全球變暖與溫室氣體之間的關系。2.接下來看問題，了解它們的類型，要針對問題的提法對癥下藥。通讀后我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，五個問題仍是細節(jié)題為主，這樣我們就可以一邊按文章的寫作順序精讀，一邊準確回答問題。而且，我相信大家還會學到不少新的詞匯和知識!3.看第1題：What was scientists understanding of methane?科學家們對于沼氣過去有什么樣的理解?(注意謂語動詞時態(tài)!)A) It was produced from plants.它是由植物產(chǎn)生的。B) It was not a greenhouse gas.它不是溫室氣體。C) It was produced in oxygen-free environments. 它是在缺氧環(huán)境中產(chǎn)生的。D) It traps more heat than any other greenhouse gas.它比其它任何一種溫室氣體吸熱都多。閱讀第一段：Scientists have been studying(完成進行時，一直研究。) natural sources(來源，注意和resource資源對比，) of methane(甲烷，沼氣) for decades(是decade的復數(shù)形式，幾十年) but hadnt regarded (過去完成時，強調(diào)過去的過去，即曾經(jīng)不認為。)plants as (作為)a producer(制造者、產(chǎn)生者), notes(指明、表明) Frank Keppler, a geochemist(地球化學家) at the Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics in Heldelberg(海德堡), Germany(德國).(中心句) Now (現(xiàn)在，和前面內(nèi)容從時間上形成對比。)Keppler and his colleagues find that plants, from grasses to trees, may also be sources of the greenhouse gas. This is really surprising(令人吃驚的), because(解釋原因)1. most scientists assumed(注意時態(tài)，表示過去認為, assume = think) that methane production(產(chǎn)生) requires(動詞，和need同義) an oxygen-free(缺氧的) environment(環(huán)境).結論：我們初步可以斷定答案是C。而通過做這一題，我們真正地可以認識到基本英語語法的重要性了。當一句話中的動詞使用不同時態(tài)時，就是在表達不同時間段發(fā)生的動作，即使句中沒有時間狀語。因此，我仍然希望大家要有堅實的基本功。4.看第2題：To test whether plants are a source of methane, the scientists created _.為了去檢測是否植物是沼氣的來源，科學家們創(chuàng)造了_.A) an oxygen-free environment.缺氧的環(huán)境B) an environment with the same concentration of oxygen as the Earth has.一種氧氣的濃度與地球大氣中的氧氣濃度一樣的環(huán)境C) a carbon dioxide-free environment. 缺二氧化碳的環(huán)境D) an environment filled with the greenhouse gas充滿了溫室氣體的環(huán)境分析：標準的細節(jié)題，要想得到答案只有繼續(xù)閱讀文章。第2段：Previously(以前), researchers had thought (曾經(jīng)認為)that it was impossible(不可能的) for plants to make significant(有意義的、重要的) amounts(數(shù)量) of the gas. They had assumed that microbes(微生物) need to be in(在。之中) environments without (沒有)oxygen(氧氣) to produce methane. Methane is a greenhouse gas, like carbon dioxide(二氧化碳). Gases such as(例如) methane and carbon dioxide trap heat(吸收熱量) in Earths atmosphere(大氣層)and contribute to(導致、引起)global warming(全球變暖).結論：事實上，這一段仍然在回答第一題。從側面我們也可以更加確定剛才的答案是正確的。還是要注意所有動詞的時態(tài)!我們并未找到第二題答案，因此繼續(xù)!第三段：2. In its experiments(實驗), Kepplers team used(使用) sealed(原形seal，密封) chambers (室，房間) that(引導定語從句) contained(包含、包括) the same concentration(密度) of oxygen that(引導定語從句， 修飾concentration) Earths atmosphere(大氣、大氣層) has. They measured (測量、衡量)the amounts(數(shù)量) of methane that(引導定語從句， 修飾the amounts) were released(釋放) by both living plants(活著的植物) and dried(干的) plant material(材料), such as fallen leaves(落葉).結論：開頭的第一句就揭示了答案應該是B。5.看第3題：3. Which statement is true of the methane emissions of plants in the experiment?在實驗中，有關植物釋放沼氣的陳述，哪一個是正確的?A) The lower the temperature, the higher the amount of methane emissions.溫度越低，沼氣的釋放量越高。B) Living plants release less methane than dried plants at the same temperature.在相同的溫度下，活著的植物要比干植物釋放的沼氣少。C) When exposed to sunlight, plants stop releasing methane.當植物暴露于陽光之下時，就停止釋放沼氣。D) The higher the temperature, the greater the amount of methane emissions.溫度越高，沼氣的釋放量越高。分析：這道題中有三個關鍵詞：methane emissions，Living plants，dried plants。因此要得出答案，必須讀4，5兩段。讀第四段：With(至于) the dried plants, the researchers took measurement(進行測量) at temperatures(溫度) ranging from (從。范圍到。范圍)30 degrees Celsius(30) to 70 degrees C(70). At 30 degrees C, they found, a gram(克) of dried plant material released up to(多達)3 nanograms(微克) of methane per hour(每小時). (One nanogram is a billionth(十億分之一) of a gram.) With every 10-degree(度) rise(上升) in temperature, the amount of methane released each hour roughly(大約)doubled(兩倍).第五段：Living plants growing at their normal(正常的) temperatures released as much as(像。一樣多) 370 nanograms of methane per gram of plant tissue(每一克的植物組織) per hour. Methane emissions(散發(fā)，發(fā)射)tripled(增加三倍;) when living and dead plant was exposed to(暴露于。之下) sunlight.結論：這道題要答對，這兩段一定要全部看懂。我們可以得出結論溫度越高沼氣的釋放量越高，有生