法律英語(yǔ)期末考試(整理).docx

法律英語(yǔ)期末考試一、縮略語(yǔ)1. AGM=Annual General Meeting年度股東大會(huì)2. AKA=also known as俗稱3. Am=ante meridiem上午4. Pm=post meridiem下午5. cc=carbon copy抄送，副本6. CEO=chief executive officer首席執(zhí)行官7. cf=compared with8. CIF=cost, insuranceand freight到岸價(jià)格9. COD=cash on delivery貨到付款10. eg=exempli gratia舉個(gè)例子11. enc=enclosed附上12. etc.=et cetera等等13. FBI=Federal Bureau of Investigation美國(guó)聯(lián)邦調(diào)查局14. FDI=Foreign Direct Investment外商直接投資15. FOB=free on board離岸價(jià)格16. GATT=General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade關(guān)貿(mào)總協(xié)定17. GMT=Greenwich mean time格林威治標(biāo)準(zhǔn)時(shí)間18. GDP=gross domestic product國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值19. GNP= gross national product國(guó)民生產(chǎn)總值20. Ibid=ibidem同上（出處）21. ie=id est換句話說(shuō)（that is to say）22. IOU=I owe you借條23. IPO=initial public offering公開(kāi)發(fā)售要約24. ASAP=as soon as possible25. BTW=by the way26. FYI=for your information供您參考27. POV=point of view28. FTA=Free Trade Agreement/Area自由貿(mào)易協(xié)定/區(qū)29. NAFTA= North American Free Trade Agreement北美自由貿(mào)易協(xié)定30. pp=per procurationern代理人（簽收信件）31. ps=post script附言，頁(yè)面描述語(yǔ)言32. pto=please turn over請(qǐng)翻過(guò)來(lái)33. QED=quod erat demonstrandum謹(jǐn)以此作答34. VAT=value added tax增值稅 35. AOB= any other business 其他事二、翻譯1.1“Affiliate”, in relation to a Party, means an entity that directly or indirectly controls, or is controlled by, or is under common control with, that Party. For the purpose of this definition, “control” means the ownership, directly or indirectly, of 50% or more of the voting shares, registered capital or other interests in such entity, or the possession, directly or indirectly, of the power to appoint a majority of the members of the management, management committee or board of directors or similar decision-making body of such entity, whether through the ownership of voting shares, by contract or otherwise.1.1當(dāng)涉及一方時(shí)，關(guān)聯(lián)企業(yè)是指直接或間接控制一方，或被一方控制，或處于一方共同控制之下的實(shí)體。此定義中的“控制”是指在該實(shí)體中持有50%以上的表決權(quán)股份、注冊(cè)資本或其他權(quán)益，或者是通過(guò)直接或間接持有表決權(quán)股份、合同或其他方式而有權(quán)任命該實(shí)體中管理層、管理委員會(huì)或董事會(huì)或類似的決策機(jī)構(gòu)的多數(shù)成員。5.6 Any change in the Registered Capital of the Joint Venture must be approved unanimously by the directors present in person or by proxy in a validly convened meeting of the Board and shall be submitted to the Authority for approval (if required by law). Upon receipt of the approval of the Authority, the Joint Venture shall register the change in registered capital with the Industry and Commerce Administration.5.6合資企業(yè)注冊(cè)資本的改變，必須經(jīng)出席有效召開(kāi)的董事會(huì)的董事或者其代理人一致同意，并報(bào)審批機(jī)構(gòu)批準(zhǔn)（如果法律要求）。在獲得批準(zhǔn)后，合資企業(yè)應(yīng)當(dāng)就注冊(cè)資本的改變向工商管理部門辦理變更登記手續(xù)。5.7 Subject to the preceding clause, if the Board resolves to approve an increase in the Registered Capital, each Party shall have the right to subscribe for the additional Registered Capital in proportion to its equity interests in the Joint Venture or, with the consent of the other Party, in a proportion agreed to by the Parties. Each Party may waive its right to subscribe for such additional Registered Capital. If any Party waives in whole or in part its right to subscribe for such additional Registered Capital, the other Party shall have the right to subscribe with the same conditions for the additional Registered Capital under such waiver.If the Registered Capital is increased as a result of a capital contribution to the Joint Venture by a third party other than an existing Shareholder, such third party shall subscribe for such additional Registered Capital at such price as agreed to by the existing Shareholders.5.7根據(jù)前項(xiàng)條款，如果董事會(huì)作出增加注冊(cè)資本的決議，每一方均有權(quán)按照其在合資企業(yè)中的股權(quán)比例認(rèn)購(gòu)新增的注冊(cè)資本，或者經(jīng)對(duì)方同意，按照協(xié)商一致的比例認(rèn)購(gòu)。每一方均可放棄認(rèn)購(gòu)新增注冊(cè)資本的權(quán)利。如果一方全部或部分放棄認(rèn)購(gòu)新增注冊(cè)資本的權(quán)利，另一方有權(quán)在同等條件下認(rèn)購(gòu)其放棄認(rèn)購(gòu)的新增注冊(cè)資本。如果合資企業(yè)注冊(cè)資本增加是因?yàn)榈谌蕉乾F(xiàn)有股東的出資，該第三方應(yīng)當(dāng)以現(xiàn)有股東同意的價(jià)格認(rèn)購(gòu)該新增注冊(cè)資本。5.10Subject to the terms of this Contract, the provisions of Chapter 5 on (T?)transfer shall not apply to any Transfer by a Party to its Affiliates. In such circumstances, the other Party shall agree and cause the directors appointed by it to the Board to approve such Transfer; but if required by the other Party in writing, the transferring Party shall, as a condition to the Transfer, issue a binding written guarantee reasonably satisfactory to the other Party to guarantee the performance by the transferee of its obligations under this Contract. Any Transfer under this Contract shall be reported to the Authority for approval to the extent it is required under the laws and regulations of China. Upon receiving such approval, the Joint Venture shall register the change in ownership with the Industry and Commerce Administration.If Party A transfers the Joint Venture Equity held by it to the employees of the former Party C or its subsidiaries or to its designated entities, the provisions of this clause on the Transfer of equity interests by Party A to its Affiliates shall be applicable.5.10根據(jù)合同條款，第5章中關(guān)于轉(zhuǎn)讓的規(guī)定不適用于合同一方向其關(guān)聯(lián)企業(yè)的轉(zhuǎn)讓。在這種情況下，另一方必須同意并促使其任命的董事一致同意此項(xiàng)轉(zhuǎn)讓。但是，如果另一方提出書面要求，轉(zhuǎn)讓方必須簽發(fā)有約束力的書面保證來(lái)保證受讓方履行合同義務(wù)，并以此項(xiàng)有理由讓另一方滿意的保證作為轉(zhuǎn)讓的條件。根據(jù)中國(guó)的法律法規(guī)，此合同下的任何轉(zhuǎn)讓都應(yīng)報(bào)審批機(jī)構(gòu)批準(zhǔn)。在獲得批準(zhǔn)后，合資企業(yè)應(yīng)當(dāng)就所有權(quán)的改變向工商管理部門辦理變更登記手續(xù)。如果A方將其持有的合資企業(yè)的股份轉(zhuǎn)讓給原C方的員工或它的子公司或它指定的實(shí)體，A方向其關(guān)聯(lián)企業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)讓股份應(yīng)當(dāng)適用此條款的規(guī)定。5.15Upon the fulfilment of the terms and conditions set out in this Chapter 5, the Parties shall cause the directors appointed by each of them to the Board to approve any Transfer or sale of the equity interests in the Registered Capital under this Contract, and shall take, or cause the taking of, such actions, matters and things as required to ensure the equity interests in the Registered Capital to be vested in the relevant party. To the extent required by the laws and regulations of China, any such Transfer shall be reported to the Authority for examination and approval. Upon receipt of the approval of the Authority, the Joint Venture shall register the change in ownership with the Industry and Commerce Administration.5.15為了履行第5章中規(guī)定的條款和條件，合同各方應(yīng)當(dāng)促使其任命的董事一致同意在此合同下注冊(cè)資本中的股份轉(zhuǎn)讓或出售，并且應(yīng)當(dāng)采取被要求的相關(guān)行動(dòng)或措施，以確保注冊(cè)資本中的股份被授予相關(guān)方。根據(jù)中國(guó)的法律法規(guī)，任何這樣的轉(zhuǎn)讓都應(yīng)報(bào)審批機(jī)構(gòu)審查批準(zhǔn)。在獲得批準(zhǔn)后，合資企業(yè)應(yīng)當(dāng)就所有權(quán)的改變向工商管理部門辦理變更登記手續(xù)。9.2 Each director shall have a term of office of four years. Each Party shall have the right, at any time, for any reason, by written notice to the other Party, to remove one or more directors appointed by it and appoint one or more directors to replace the removed directors to serve out their terms of office. For the avoidance of doubt, this right shall include the right of the appointing Party to replace the person nominated by it to be the Chairman or Vice Chairman (as the case may be). If a seat on the Board is vacated by the retirement, resignation, illness, disability or death of a director, the Party that originally appointed such director shall appoint a successor to serve out such directors term.9.2每一名董事任期四年，某一董事的委派方只要書面通知對(duì)方就可以隨時(shí)自行更換一名或多名董事，繼任的董事任期為被更換董事余下的任期時(shí)間，為了避免疑問(wèn)，此項(xiàng)權(quán)力包括由其任命并指派為主席或副主席以下的人。如果董事會(huì)主席因?yàn)橥诵?、辭職、生病、殘疾或死亡而出現(xiàn)空缺的，可以由委派方重新委派，繼任者來(lái)完成其剩余任期。9.4The Chairman shall be the legal representative of the Joint Venture. The Chairman shall exercise his authority within the limits set forth in the Board of Directors, this Contract and the Articles of Association of the Joint Venture, and may not contractually bind the Joint Venture or otherwise take any action on behalf of the Joint Venture other than in a manner consistent with the authority conferred on him by the Board. Whenever the Chairman is unable to perform his responsibilities for any reason, the Chairman shall authorize the Vice Chairman or another director to perform his responsibilities on his behalf.9.4主席為合資企業(yè)的法定代表人。主席應(yīng)在董事會(huì)規(guī)定的本合同及合資企業(yè)章程的范圍內(nèi)行使權(quán)力。主席不可以用合同的方式來(lái)約束合資企業(yè)，除非董事會(huì)向他授權(quán)，否則，主席不可以代表公司來(lái)簽訂協(xié)議。當(dāng)主席因任何原因無(wú)法履行其職責(zé)時(shí)，應(yīng)當(dāng)授權(quán)副主席或其他董事代其履行職責(zé)。9.8The first Board meeting shall be held within one (1) month of the issuance of the Business Licence of the Joint Venture. During the first Boarding meeting, the Joint Venture shall appoint an accounting firm to be the external auditor of the Joint Venture in accordance with Clause 13.6; appoint the General Manager, Deputy General Managers and other persons who are nominated by the Parties to hold management positions in the Joint Venture; and authorise the Joint Venture to pay the expenses incurred in the establishment of the Joint Venture in accordance with Clause 2.5 and such other matters as agreed by the Parties.9.8首次董事會(huì)會(huì)議應(yīng)在合資企業(yè)營(yíng)業(yè)執(zhí)照頒發(fā)之日起1個(gè)月內(nèi)召開(kāi)。在首次會(huì)議中，合資企業(yè)應(yīng)：根據(jù)13.6條制定一家會(huì)計(jì)師事務(wù)所作為合資企業(yè)的外部審計(jì)方；指定總經(jīng)理，副總經(jīng)理和其他由雙方指定的在合資企業(yè)內(nèi)擔(dān)任管理工作的人員；并根據(jù)第2.5條以及雙方的其他約定的規(guī)定授權(quán)合資企業(yè)支付建立合資企業(yè)所發(fā)生的費(fèi)用。9.11The Board shall give a written notice to all directors at least ten (10) working days (Is this a defined term?) before the holding of a Board meeting; but if the meeting is held outside China, the prior written notice period shall be not less than least thirty (30) Working Days. The aforesaid notice period of a Board meeting may be waived by all directors in writing. Such written notice shall be delivered to each of the Parties and each director, including the Chairman and the Vice Chairman, or other authorized directors. Such notice shall contain a written agenda of the Board meeting which shall set out in reasonable detail the matters to be submitted and discussed in the Board meeting and which shall be attached with the detailed written information about the matters to be discussed.9.11董事會(huì)應(yīng)在董事會(huì)會(huì)議召開(kāi)前至少10個(gè)工作日書面通知所有董事；但如果會(huì)議在中國(guó)境外召開(kāi)，前述的書面通知期限應(yīng)當(dāng)不少于30個(gè)工作日。前述的會(huì)議通知期限可由全體董事以書面形式免除。書面通知應(yīng)送達(dá)各方及各個(gè)董事，包括主席、副主席，或其他授權(quán)董事。通知應(yīng)包括書面形式的董事會(huì)會(huì)議議程。議程應(yīng)合理列出在會(huì)議期間待提交及待討論的細(xì)節(jié)，議程還應(yīng)包含待討論事宜的書面形式的詳細(xì)信息。9.13As an alternative to a Board meeting, a written resolution signed in person or by fax by the directors or representatives authorized by them in writing shall have the same effect as a resolution adopted in a duly constituted and convened Board meeting. Subject to Article 9 and other provisions, the written resolution shall be effective upon the signing of the last director or the representative authorized by him whose signing is enough to have the issues in discussion approved.9.13一份一致同意的書面協(xié)議可以替代董事會(huì)會(huì)議，簽署可以是親自簽署，也可以是授權(quán)簽署，或者是以傳真方式簽署，都應(yīng)具有相同的效力。根據(jù)第九條和其他條款的規(guī)定，董事會(huì)書面決議的生效從最后一名董事或其授權(quán)代表簽字后開(kāi)始生效。9.16The Board shall designate one (1) qualified employee of the Joint Venture to be the secretary of the Board who shall take notes and prepare minutes for Board meetings and who shall also perform other duties as Board secretary. The Board secretary may be assisted by another employee of the Joint Venture in performing his duties. The Board secretary sha