選修六 Grammer.ppt

1 Unit5Thepowerofnature 2 現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語 3 1 Thisisaninterestingbook zxxk 定語 4 2 Thewomansittingbythewindowisourmathsteacher 定語 3 Seeingthebird thebearsuddenlystoodup 狀語 5 4 Isawthemanwalkingonthestreetyesterday 賓補(bǔ) 5 Playingfootballishisfavoritesport 主語 6 6 Ididn tstopworkinglastnight 7 MyworkisteachingEnglish 賓語 表語 7 動(dòng)詞 ing是動(dòng)詞非謂語形式中的一種 單獨(dú)使用時(shí) 能在句中做除 之外的任何其他句子成分 如 主語 賓語 表語 定語 狀語 賓補(bǔ)等 謂語 8 9 Lookingcarefullyattheground Imademywaytotheedgeofthecrater HavingexperiencedquiteafewearthquakesinHawaiialready Ididn ttakemuchnotice 10 Lookingcarefullyattheground I HavingexperiencedquiteafewearthquakesinHawaiialready I The ingformisusedasanadverbial Theconstructionhaving p p isusedtorefertoanactionthattookplacebeforethetimethatexpressedbythemainverb 11 Lookingcarefullyattheground Imademywaytotheedgeofthecrater HavingexperiencedquiteafewearthquakesinHawaiialready Ididn ttakemuchnotice The ingformusedasanadverbial Having pastparticiple theperfect ingform referringtoanactionthattookplacebeforethetimeexpressedbymainverb 12 ing分詞的構(gòu)成 ing分詞是由動(dòng)詞原形加詞尾 ing構(gòu)成 表示與主語主動(dòng)關(guān)系 ing分詞同樣有時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化 通常有下表幾種形式 以do為例 13 ing分詞的一般式和完成式 ing分詞的一般式的動(dòng)作表示和后面句子的動(dòng)作是同時(shí)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作 完成式的動(dòng)作是先于后面句子的動(dòng)作發(fā)生 如 Beingastudent hewasinterestedinbooks 作為一個(gè)學(xué)生 他對書本很感興趣 Nothavingstudiedhislessonsveryhard hefailedtheexaminations 因?yàn)闆]有努力學(xué)習(xí)功課 他考試不及格 14 The ingformastheAdverbial V ing作狀語時(shí)表示動(dòng)作是主語動(dòng)作的一部分 與謂語表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)同時(shí)或幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生的 或是先于謂語動(dòng)詞發(fā)生 它的邏輯主語與句子的主語一致 V ing作狀語常表示時(shí)間 條件 原因 方式 伴隨 讓步 結(jié)果 多用逗號跟句子其他成分隔開 Iwasfeelingtired Iwenttobedearly Iworkedhardallday Iwenttobedearly Feelingtired Iwenttobedearly Havingworkedhardallday Iwenttobedearly 15 作時(shí)間狀語Walkingalongthestreet ImetMary WhileIwaswalkingalongthestreet Hearingthenews theyalljumpedwithjoy 作原因狀語Beingtired Istoppedtotakearest BecauseIwastired Notknowingheraddress wecouldn tgetintouchwithher 由于不知道她的地址 我們無法和她聯(lián)系 聽到這個(gè)消息時(shí) 他們都高興地跳了起來 16 作條件狀語Turningtotheleft youwillfindtheschool Ifyouturntheleft Ifyouworkhard you llsucceed Workinghard you llsucceed 作讓步狀語1 Workinghardashedid hewasstillunabletosupportthewholefamily 2 KnowingwhereIlive henevercomestoseeme ThoughheknowswhereIlive henevercomestoseeme 17 表?xiàng)l件 Usingyourhead youwillfindaway Ifyouuseyourhead youwillfindaway 一直往前走 你就會看到一座白色地房子 youwillseeawhitehouse Walkingahead 18 表原因狀語 相當(dāng)于一個(gè)原因狀語從句 Beingill hedidn tgotoschool 1 ashewasill hedidn tgotoschool Beingastudent youshouldstudyhard Sinceyouareastudent youshouldstudyhard 2 既然你是一個(gè)學(xué)生 你就應(yīng)該努力學(xué)習(xí) 3 由于想到他或許在家 所以我就給他打了電話 Thinkinghemightbeathome Icalledhim AsIthoughthemightbeathome Icalledhim 19 20 3 表方式 伴隨情況的狀語 作伴隨狀語地分詞表示的動(dòng)作 必須是主語的一個(gè)動(dòng)作 或是與謂語所表示的動(dòng)作 或狀態(tài) 同時(shí)發(fā)生 或是對謂語表示的動(dòng)作 或狀態(tài) 作進(jìn)一步地補(bǔ)充說明 Eg Hesatonthesofa watchingTV HesatonthesofaandwatchedTV 他們笑著談著走進(jìn)了教室 theywentintotheclassroom 他斜靠 lean 著墻站著 He thewall Hestoodandleanedagainstthewall Laughingandtalking stoodleaningagainst 21 表結(jié)果Eg Hermotherdiedin1990 leavingherwithheryoungerbrother Hermotherdiedin1990 andleftherwithheryoungerbrother 全國到處在傳唱這首歌曲 使它成了一首最受歡迎的歌曲 Thesongissungalloverthecountry makingitthemostpopularsong 22 注意 現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語 多用于句尾 Herhusbanddiedin1942 leavingherwithfivechildren Thebuswasheldupbysnowstorm thuscausingthedelay Hewascaughtintherain thusmakinghimselfcatchcold Ihurriedtoschool onlytofindthatitwasSunday Note 現(xiàn)在分詞表示必然結(jié)果 前可加thus 不定式表意外的結(jié)果 前可加only 23 2 ing形式的完成式 24 1 Havingwrittentheletter Johnwenttothepostoffice 2 Seeingthebeautifulsight thechildrenfeltexcited V ing doing havingdone 表動(dòng)作有先有后 表動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生 25 1 himtheanswerseveraltimes Ididn tknowifhecouldunderstand 2 theanswerseveraltimes hestillcouldn tsolvethequestion Havingtold Havingbeentold havingdone 主句主語為動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者 主句主語為動(dòng)作的承受者 havingbeendone 26 3 咬 bythesnakeonce shefeelsfrightenedwhen 看到蛇 2 聽到這個(gè)消息 wegotexcited 1 刷完牙 Mr Browncamedownstairsforbreakfast Havingbrushedhisteeth Hearingthenews Havingbeenbitten seeing 分詞短語做狀語時(shí) 前面可以加上連詞 如if unless when while once though etc asnake 27 arrive give spend takeandbuy 1 thewrongbus Martinfoundhimselfinanunfamiliardistrict Havingtaken 28 2 heropinionaboutprotectingtheenvironment sheleftthemeeting Havinggiven 29 3 thepreciousnecklace shehadnomoneyleft Havingbought 30 4 alldayathomewriting thenovelistwentoutforawalkintheevening Havingspent 31 5 earlyforhisdate Markspenttimereadingthenewspaper Havingarrived 32 ing分詞的被動(dòng)式 ing分詞的被動(dòng)式表示與后面句子的主語是被動(dòng)關(guān)系 完成被動(dòng)式 havingbeendone 如 Havingbeencriticized bytheteacher hegaveupsmoking 被老師批評以后 他把煙戒了 33 1 Whenshewokeupinthemiddleofthenightshesawherroomwasaslightasday inthemiddleofthenight shesawherroomwasaslightasday Wakingup 34 2 Afterwehadstoppedthecar wefoundourselvestrappedinthickfogandcouldn tseeclearlyahead thecar wefoundourselvestrappedinthickfogandcouldn tseeclearlyahead Havingstopped 35 3 BecauseIhadspentallnightreadingthedocuments Iwasverytiredthenextday allnightreadingthedocuments Iwasverytiredthenextday Havingspent 36 4 Asthechildhadneverseenarainbowbefore hewasveryexcited arainbowbefore hewasveryexcited Havingneverseen Sometimesadverbialclausesintroducedbywhen after as becauseandsooncanbereplacedbythe ingform 37 如果V ing表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在句子謂語之前 則要用V ing的完成式 即是 Having P P 過去分詞 主語 謂語1 Aftershehadfinishedherwork shewenthome 2 Aswehaveinvitedhimheretospeak we dbettergotohislecture V ing形式的完成式 Havingfinishedherwork shewenthome Havinginvitedhimheretospeak we dbettergotohislecture 38 3 使用 ing形式需注意的幾個(gè)問題 39 使用 ing形式需注意的幾個(gè)問題 1 ing作狀語時(shí) 其邏輯主語必須與句子的主語一致 如果不一致 必須用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)來表示 也就是在V ing前面加上它的邏輯主語 MywifehadatalkwithSally explainingwhyshedidn twantthechildrentoplaytogether Thetrainhavinggone wehadtowaitanotherday 2 ing的一般式和完成式都可以表示先后接連發(fā)生的動(dòng)作 在可能引起誤解的場合應(yīng)該用完成式表示先發(fā)生的動(dòng)作 Havingbrushedhisteeth Mr Browncamedownstairsforbreakfast Brushinghisteeth Mr Browncamedownstairsforbreakfast 40 3 ing形式的否定式 41 分詞的否定形式是在分詞短語前面加上not never等否定詞構(gòu)成 例如 Notfearingthefire thechildtouchedandgotafingerburnt 小孩兒不知道怕火 用手去摸 把手指燙了 Notknowinghowtofindthesubway Iaskedapolicemanforhelp 我不知道怎樣找到地鐵 就去找警察幫忙 42 Note 在用分詞短語作狀語時(shí) 它邏輯上的主語一般必須與句子的主語一致 如不一致則要加上它自己邏輯上的主語 這種結(jié)構(gòu)稱為 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu) I 名詞普通格 代詞主格 現(xiàn)在分詞 1 TheNightcomingon theystartedforhome 2 Thelastbushavinggone hehadtowalkhome 3 Timepermitting wearegoingtoclimbthemountaintomorrow 4 Theyaretalkingwiththeteacher theirchildrenplayingoutside 5 Itraining Iwenttoworkwithanumbrella 43 II 名詞普通格 代詞主格 過去分詞 1 Histeafinished hewentonwithhiswork 時(shí)間 2 Hishomeworkdone hewenttowatchthegame 3 Hislegbadlyhurt hehadtobesenttohospital 原因 4 Thereportread discussionbegan 44 III 名詞普通格 代詞主格 being adj adv prep phrase n todo 1 Everything being ready theystartedout 2 Themeeting being over weallleftthehall 3 WuSongbeatthetigertodeath twofists being hisonlyweapon 4 Guninhand thesoldiersranupthehill 5 Herearethefirsttwovolumes thethirdonetocomeoutnextmonth 45 獨(dú)立成分 有些分詞短語可以做獨(dú)立成分 用來解釋整個(gè)句子 不受句子主語的限制 常見的分詞短語有 generally frankly honestly speaking supposing 假設(shè) judgingfrom 從 判斷 talkingof 談到 speakingof 談到 等 Generallyspeaking girlsaremorecarefulthanboys Supposingyoulose whatwillyoudo Judgingfromhisaccent hemustbefromthenorth Talkingoftravel haveyoueverbeentoBeijing 46 1 Whentheyheardaboutthevolcanotheyrandowntothevillage Rewritethesentencesusingthepresentortheperfect ingformoftheunderlinedverbs Hearingaboutthevolcano theyrandowntothevillage 2 BecauseIhadexperiencedearthquakesbefore Iwasn tfrightened Havingexperiencedearthquakesbefore Iwasn tfrightened 47 3 Afterthescientistshadstudiedtheinformation theypredictedthelavawouldflowthroughthevillage Havingstudiedtheinformation thescientistspredictedthelavawouldflowthroughthevillage 4 Whenshewokeupinthemiddleofthenightshesawherroomwasasbrightasday Wakingupinthemiddleofthenight shesawherroomwasasbrightasday 5 Assoonaswehadstoppedthecar weputonourprotectiveclothing Havingstoppedthecar weimmediatelyputonourprotectiveclothing 48 6 AsIcameoutofmyhouse Isawthevolcanoerupting Comingoutofmyhouse Isawthevolcanoerupting 7 AsIhadneverseenavolcanoeruptingbefore Iwasveryexcited Havingneverseenavolcanoeruptingbefore Iwasveryexcited 49 Consolidation Thesecretaryworkedlateintothenight alongspeechforthepresident A toprepareB preparingC preparedD waspreparing 2 Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries itthemostpopularsportintheworld A makingB makesC madeD tomake 50 3 Can tyouread Marysaid tothenotice A angrilypointingB andpointangrilyC angrilypointedD andangrilypointing 4 areply hedecidedtowriteagain NotreceivingB ReceivingnotNothavingreceivedD Havingnotreceived 51 5 Themissingsingerwaslastseen thevoiceclosetothebridge A exercisingB tobeexercisingC exerciseD toexercise6 Thedirectorsdiscussedtheprojectthattheywouldliketosee thenextyear A carryoutB carryingoutC carriedoutD tocarryout 52 7 theclassroom thestudentswenttotheplaygroundtowatchthefootballmatch A TocleanB HavingcleanedC CleanedD Cleaning8 WhenIgotbackhomeIsawamessagepinnedtothedoor Sorrytomissyou willcalllater A readB readsC toreadD reading9 fromwhathesaid hemustbethethiefwhohasstolenthecar A JudgingB JudgedC TojudgeD Judge 53 10 fortheterribleaccident asthepublicthought themayorfeltnervousandwasatalosswhattodo A HavingbeenblamedB ToblameC BeingtobeblameD Beingtoblame11 Wesleptwiththelight allnightlonglastnight A burntB toburnC beingburntD burning12 hermotherhadcome herfacelitup A HearingB HavingheardC WhenhearingD Whensheheard 54 Practise Theysetout forthe boy searching losingB searching lostC tosearch lostD searched losing 2 Thestudentsatthere whattodo doesn tknowingB didn tknowingC notknowD notknowing C D 55 3 Hesatthere withhisheadonhishand andthinkB thinkingC thoughtD beingthought 4 The PrimeMinisterexpressedhissatisfactionwithhistalks thathehadenjoyedhisstayhere visiting addB visited addingC visiting addingD visited added B C 56 1 Thestrangersaidsomethingina voiceandthelittlegirlwasverymuch A frightening frightenedB frightened frighteningC frightening frighteningD frightened frightened Choosethebestanswer 57 2 thepiano someonesuddenlyknockedatthedoor A PlayingB WhenIwasplayingC RepairingD Examining 58 3 Mothercaughttheboy inthecorner A smokeB tosmokeC beingsmokedD smoking 59 4 theprogramme theyhavetostaythereforanother2weeks A NotcompletingB NotcompletedC NothavingcompletedD Havingnotcompleted 60 5 Wec