高考語(yǔ)法-虛擬語(yǔ)氣講解及練習(xí).doc

高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專題講解-虛擬語(yǔ)氣1 虛擬條件句：1.1 與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)不一致，其句型為：If +主語(yǔ)did，主語(yǔ)should（could, would, 或might）do.如：If I were you, I would study hard. （可倒裝）If it rained, I would not be here now.1.2 與過(guò)去事實(shí)不一致，句型為： If +主語(yǔ)haddone，主語(yǔ)should（could, would, 或might）havedone.如：If the doctor had come last night, the boy would have been saved. （可倒裝）比較這一句：If the doctor had come last night, the boy would be saved. -（混合虛擬:要求根據(jù)語(yǔ)境判斷?。?.3 將來(lái)事實(shí)不一致，句型為：do，主語(yǔ)should（could ，would, 或might）do. 如：If it should rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.（可倒裝）If I were to go to the moon one day, I could see it with my own eyes.（可倒裝）If you missed the film tonight, you would feel sorry.（混合虛擬）P.S:1、If條件句中絕對(duì)不可出現(xiàn)“would”。2、根據(jù)句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，有時(shí)可能出現(xiàn)“混合虛擬”的情況，即主句可能是現(xiàn)在的情況，條件句也許是發(fā)生在過(guò)去的情況，但都是遵守上述句型。1.4 虛擬倒裝：在條件句中如果出現(xiàn)were, had, should可省去if，將主語(yǔ)與這些詞倒裝，例如：Had the doctor come last night, the boy would have saved.Were I to go to the moon one day, I would see it with my own eyes.Should it rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.1.5 without, but, but for（要不是）, otherwise引起的短語(yǔ)或句子常暗含虛擬（語(yǔ)氣較為含蓄）,分3種情況動(dòng)詞作同上的變化。1.5.1 與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反：Without you, I would never know him. But for your cooperation, we wouldnt have done the work so well. I would be most glad to help you, but I am busy now.I am busy now, otherwise I would do you the favor! 1.5.2 與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反：But that she was afraid, she would have said no. I would have come to the party yesterday, but I was working.2 名詞性虛擬語(yǔ)氣：在表示命令、建議要求、驚嘆、感嘆、愿望時(shí)的名詞性從句中需用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，具體類型有：2.1 遇到：suggest, suggestion, insist, insistence, order, demand, request, command, propose, proposal ,desire, plan, idea時(shí):主語(yǔ)（should）do，如：Mother insisted（堅(jiān)決要求） that John go to bed at 9 oclock.（賓語(yǔ)從句）（P.S當(dāng)insist意為“堅(jiān)稱說(shuō)”，不要虛擬語(yǔ)氣?。￤e suggested that the meeting should not be held.The suggestion that he be invited was rejected.（同位語(yǔ)從句） （P.S當(dāng)suggest意為“暗示，表明”，不要虛擬語(yǔ)氣?。㊣t was required that the crops should be harvested at once.（主語(yǔ)從句）That is their demand that their wages be increased.（表語(yǔ)從句）2.2It is + natural/ necessary/ important/ surprising/ strange/ funny/extraordinary/ suggested/ proposed/ requested/ ordered +that+主語(yǔ)+（should）+doIt is + a pity/ a shame/ no wonder/ an honor +that+主語(yǔ)+（should）+do如：It is strange that he (should) go himself.P.S. 上述詞只表事實(shí)，不表情感 Should + do (表現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)) 2.3 主語(yǔ)+ be+ sorry/ surprised/ disappointed (表情感的詞) +that +主語(yǔ)+ Should+ have+ done (表過(guò)去)(這里的should意為“竟然”)如：Im sorry that things should have come to this.2.4 Its (high) time that+主語(yǔ)shoulddo / 主語(yǔ)did，例如：Its time that you went to school. =Its time that you should go to school. 你該去上學(xué)了。（早該去了，可你沒(méi)去）2.5 wish后的賓語(yǔ)從句：與現(xiàn)在愿望不一致: 主語(yǔ)did；I wish I were you.與過(guò)去愿望不一致: 主語(yǔ)haddone；I wish I had visited the white House when I was in the states.與未來(lái)愿望不一致: 主語(yǔ)would（could）do。I wish I could met you tomorrow at the party. wish的感嘆句: How I wish+根據(jù)3種情況的相應(yīng)句法 = If only （用法同wish） 如： How I wish I had known the answer. = If only I had known the answer. P.S. wish+從句，表示不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，所以用虛擬語(yǔ)氣；hope+從句，表示可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣2.6 would rather/ as if（though） 2.6.1 與現(xiàn)在/ 未來(lái)事實(shí)相反：did 如： I would rather you stayed here now. She loves the children as if they were hers.2.6.2 與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反：had done 如： I would rather you had stayed here at that time. Alan talked about Rome as if he had been there. P.S. as if/ though 遇到 It seems/ appears/ sounds/ looks etc.時(shí)有時(shí)依據(jù)以需要，表示說(shuō)話者認(rèn)為有可能的事實(shí)。如：It sounds as if the bell is ringing.【虛擬語(yǔ)氣專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練】1、It is important that a college student a foreign language.Awill masterBmasterCmastersDwould master2、It is strange that she without saying a word.Ashould have gone outBwentCshould go outDgoes out3、If my lawyer here last Saturday, he me from going.Ahad been, would have preventedBhad been, would preventCwere, would preventDwere, would have prevent4、“He is a brave man.”“Yes, I wish I his courage.”AhaveBhadCwill haveDmay have5、If it rain, the crops would be saved.AshouldBwillCis going toDwas to6、He ordered that the medicine by a special plane.Awas sent Bwould be sentCshould sendDbe sent7、If you the medicine, you better now.Atook, would feelBhad taken, feltChad taken, would feelDtook, would have felt8、She is my sister, but she often acts as if my mother.AisBwasCwereDhad been9、I went to bed early last night, but I wish I so.Adidnt doBhadnt doChavent doneDcouldnt do10、Id rather he tomorrow afternoon.Awill comeBcomesCcomingDcame11_ smoking, he would not have got cancer in the lung. A. Was he given up B. Had he given upC. Did he give D. If he gave up12. We insisted that the meaningless argument _.A. should bring to an endB. was brought to an endC. might come to an end D. come to an end13. I _ to your birthday party last Sunday. Unfortunately, you were out on business.A. had come B. came C. would come D. would have come14. His suggestion that you _once more sounds reasonable. A. try B. tried C. must try D. can try15. _him not to do so, he wouldnt have made such a serious mistake.A. Did I persuade B. If I persuade C. If I should persuade D. Had I persuade16. Its high time that we students _ even harder at our lessons as the national entrance examination is coming nearer.A. work B. will work C. worked D. have to work17. It is necessary that people both young and old in China _some English to be prepared for the Olympic Games to be held in Beijing in 2008. A. learn B. will learn C. must learn D. have learned18. - We werent sure which way to go. In the end we turned right. - You _ the wrong way. You _ left. A. went; should have turned B. have gone; must turn C. went; would have turned D. had gone; must have turned19. If there were no subjective mood, English much easier.（84，17）A. will be B. would have been C. could have been D. would be20. The guard at the gate insisted that everybody the rules. (85,10)A. obeys B. obey C. will obey D. would obey21. If she had worked harder, she . (86,10)A. would succeed B. had succeeded C. should succeedD. would have succeeded22. There was plenty of time. She . (87,6)A. mustnt have hurried B. couldnt have hurriedC. must not hurry D. neednt have hurried23. I insist that a doctor immediately.(88,6)A. has been sent for B. sends for C. will be sent for D. be sent for24. The rice if you had been more careful.(88,9)A. would not be burning B. would not burnC. Would not have been burnt D. would not burnt25. If my lawyer here last Saturday, he me from going.(89,15)A. had been; would have prevented B. had been; would preventC. were; would prevent D. were; would have prevented26. Jenny have kept her word. I wonder why she changed her mind.(91,33)A. must B. should C. need D. would27. If it for the snow, we the mountain yesterday. (91,38)A. were not; could have climbed B. were not; could climbC. had not been; could have climbed D. had not been; could climb28. Without electricity human life quite different today.（91MET，38）A .isB. will be C. would have been D. would be29. We last night, but we went to the concert instead.(92,33)A. must have studied B. might study C. should have studied D. would study30. If he , he that food. (93,25)Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.A. was warned; would not take B. had been warned ;would not have takenC. would be warned; had not taken D. would have been warned; had not taken31. I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I for her.(94,16)A. had to write it out B. must have written it outC. should have written it out D. ought to write it out32. You didnt let me drive. If we in turn, you so tired. (96,19)A. drove, didnt get B. drove; wouldnt getC. were driving; wouldnt get D. had driven; wouldnt have got33. Yesterday, Jane walked away from the discussion. Otherwise, she something she would regret later.(96上海,21)A. had said B. said C. might say D. might have said34. I wish I _ you yesterday. (88, 40)A. seen B. did see C. had seen D. were to see35. If only he _ quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now. (NMET/上海/2000/36)A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. should lie36. What would have happened _, as far as the river bank? (NMET/Shanghai/2001/40)A. Bob had walked farther B. if Bob should walk fartherC. had Bob walked farther D. if Bob walked farther37. He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he _ a goal. (NMET/Shanghai/2001/spr./40)A. had scored B. scored C. would score D. would have scored38. How I wish every family _ a large house with a beautiful garden! (NMET/Shanghai/spr./2002/31)A. has B. had C. will have D. had had39. It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _ in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. (NMET/Shanghai/2002/37)A. wouldnt have fallen B. had not fallen C. shall fall D. were to fall40. Look at the trouble I am in! If on