高考英語 定語從句課件.ppt

定語從句 themanoverthereismike themanwhocamefirstismike youmustdoeverythingthatido 什么是定語從句 由一個(gè)句子來充當(dāng)定語 修飾n pron 或整個(gè)句子 myfatherdoesmorningexerciseseveryday whichisgoodforhishealth themanwhocamefirstismike 先行詞 定語從句 被定語從句修飾的詞叫先行詞 關(guān)系詞 引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞 連接 指代 在從句中作句子成分 主從句 先行詞 關(guān)系代詞 關(guān)系詞關(guān)系副詞 1 關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句a關(guān)系代詞that的用法aplaneisamachinethatcanfly thenoodlesthaticookedweredelicious whoisthemanthatisreadingabookoverthere thegirlthatwesawyesterdaywasjim ssister b關(guān)系代詞which的用法theyplantedsometreeswhichdidn tneedmuchwater thefishwhichweboughtthismorningwerenotfresh c關(guān)系代詞who whom 的用法thisistheteacherwhoteachesusenglish thisisthegirlwhomimetattheparty thisisthegirlwithwhomiwentthere that which who whom whose when where why 指物 作主語 作賓語 指人 作主語 作賓語 指物 作主語 作賓語 指人 作主語 作動(dòng)詞賓語 也可用who 作介詞賓語 只能用whom 一般情況下 that和which可互換 themoneythat whichisinthewalletismine themoneythat whichmymothergavemeyesterdaywasstolen 只能用that的情況 a thisisthebestthathasbeenusedagainstpollution englishisthemostdifficultsubjectthatyouwilllearnduringtheseyears heisthelastpersonthatiwanttosee itisthefirstamericanmovieofthiskindthatihaveeverseen 當(dāng)先行詞是adj 最高級(jí) 序數(shù)詞或被最高級(jí) 序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí) b youshouldhandinallthatyouhave wehaven tgotmuchthatwecanofferyou imeantheonethatyoutalkedaboutjustnow 當(dāng)先行詞為all much little none noone something anything nothing everything等不定代詞時(shí) 總結(jié) 1 that和which指物 c thisistheverybookthatiwanttobuy thereislittleworkthatyoucando limingisoneofthestudentsthatwanttobeteachersinourclasslimingistheonlyonethatwantstobeateacher 當(dāng)先行詞被theonly thevery oneof any few little no all等詞修飾時(shí) d doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout 當(dāng)先行詞既有人又有物時(shí) e whichisthebikethatyoulost whoisthemanthatisreadingoverman 當(dāng)主句已有疑問詞which或who時(shí) f thereisatableovertherethatisfoldedaway 當(dāng)主句是therebe結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí) 只能用which的情況a beijing whichisthecapitalofchina isaverybeautifulcity limingislateforschooleveryday whichmakeshisteacherveryangry 在非限定性定語從句中 b letmeshowyouthenovelthatiborrowedfromthelibrarywhichwasnewlyopentous 有兩個(gè)定語從句 其中一個(gè)用的是that 另一個(gè)就用which c thisisthehouseinwhichheoncelived 當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí) d theclockisthatwhichtellsthetime 當(dāng)先行詞本身就是that時(shí) a onewhohasnothingtofeardarestotellthetruth theoneswhoflattermedon tpleaseme anyonewhofailstofinishthetaskgivenshouldbecriticized thosewhowanttogotothegreatwallsignuphere 2 that和who指人 一般情況下 that和who可互換 thewomanthat whoisspeakingatthemeetingismymother themanthat who whomhewantstoseeisinshanghai 有些情況只能用who 當(dāng)先行詞是one ones anyone those時(shí) b thereisanoldmanwhowantstoseeyou 在therebe結(jié)構(gòu)中 c theboythatyoumetlastnightisthegroupleaderwhostudiesveryhard 有兩個(gè)定語從句 其中一個(gè)用的是that 另一個(gè)就用who d關(guān)系代詞whose的用法 isawawomanwhosebagwasstolen iwillcallapersonwhosefatherknowsyou whichisthecarwhoseowneryouknow whose是代詞的所有格 既可代人也可代物 比較 iwillcallapersonwhoknowsyou theownerofthecar whichisthecartheownerofwhichyouknow 當(dāng)whose代物時(shí) 相當(dāng)于 ofwhich pleaseshowmethebookwhosecoverisred pleaseshowmethebookthecoverofwhichisred iwenttoseemyfriendsthesmiths whosechildreniusedtolookafterwhentheyweresmall whose既可引導(dǎo)限定性定從 也可引導(dǎo)非限定性定從 2 關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句a關(guān)系副詞where的用法thisisthehouse iwasborninthehouse there thisisthehousewhereiwasborn where指代先行詞thehouse 在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語 thisisthehouseinwhichiwasborn thehotelwherewestayedwasn tclean thehouseatwhichwestayedwasn tclean where 介詞 which b關(guān)系副詞when的用法hecameatatimewhenweneededhelp 在從句中代替atatime 作時(shí)間狀語 hecameatatimeatwhichweneededhelp iwillneverforgetthetimewhenweworkedonthefarm duringwhich doyouremembertheafternoonwhenwefirstmetthreeyearsago onwhich when 介詞 which c關(guān)系副詞why的用法ididn tgetapayrise butthiswasn tthereasonwhyileft forwhich thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathemissedtheclass forwhich thereasonwhy thati mcallingyouistoinviteyoutoaparty thereasonisthatiwanttoinviteyoutoaparty why 介詞 which 在從句中作原因狀語 3 關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞在定語從句中的區(qū)別 只要在定語從句中擔(dān)任狀語的 就是關(guān)系副詞 thisisthehousewhereiworked2yearsago thisisthehousethat whichivisited 句 用where 因?yàn)樗趶木渲凶鳡钫Z 表示there inthehouse iwillneverforgetthedaywhenijoinedthearmy iwillneverforgetthedaythat whichwespenttogether 句 用that which 因?yàn)樗诰渲凶髻e語 1 chan srestaurantonbakerstreet usedtobepoorlyrun isnowasuccessfulbusiness a thatb whichc whod where2 byservingothers apersonfocusesonsomeoneotherthanhimselforherself canbeveryeye openingandrewarding a whob whichc whatd that3 hismoviewonseveralawardsatthefilmfestival wasbeyondhiswildestdream a whichb thatc whered it4 weshouldn tspendourmoneytestingsomanypeople mostof arehealthy a thatb whichc whatd whom5 lastweek onlytwopeoplecametolookatthehouse wantedtobuyit a noneofthemb bothofthemc noneofwhomd neitherofwhom b b a d d 6 theroadconditionsthereturnedouttobeverygood wasmorethanwecouldexpect a itb whatc whichd that7 thesciencemuseum wevisitedduringarecenttriptobritain isoneoflondon stouristattractions a whichb whatc thatd where8 amoderncityhasbeensetupin wasawastelandtenyearsago a whatb whichc thatd where9 georgeorwell wasericarthur wrotemanypolitynovelsandessays a therealnameb whathisrealnamec hisrealnamed whoserealname10 astorygoes elizabethiofenglandlikednothingmorethanbeingsurroundedbycleverandqualifiednoblemenatcourt a whenb wherec whatd that c a a d d 8in是介詞 因此空白處引導(dǎo)賓從 而該詞在句中作主語 的地方 that引導(dǎo)賓從時(shí)是連詞 無意義 10that引導(dǎo)的是story的同位語從句 從句去掉that后意義 成分都完整 that只起連接作用 11 luckily we dboughtaroadmapwithout wewouldhavelostourway a itb thatc thisd which12 doyouhaveanythingtosayforyourself yes there sonepoint wemustinsiston a whyb wherec howd 13 women drinkmorethantwocupsofcoffeeadayhaveagreaterchanceofhavingheartdiseasethanthose don t a who b whoc who whod 14 helenwasmuchkindertoheryoungestsonthantotheothers ofcourse madetheothersenvyhim a whob thatc whatd which15 thereweredirtymarksonhertrousers shehadwipedherhands a whereb whichc whend that d d c d a 4 as引導(dǎo)的定語從句as作為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞都可以引導(dǎo)定語從句asuch as 像 那樣的thesame as 和 一樣的 wehavefoundsuchmaterialsasareusedintheirfactory suchpeopleasyoudescribeareshortnowadays as在從句中作主語 as在從句中作賓語 thisisthesamethingasweareinneedof as在從句中作賓語 b suchas 先行詞 這樣的人或物 thisbookisnotsuchasiexpect as在從句中作賓語 hetoldmeofhisexperiencesuchasihadneverhadbefore 3 as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定從 theteacherisfrombeijing as whichtheyknowfromhisaccent aseverybodycansee greatchangeshavetakenplaceinchina as引導(dǎo)的非限定性定從可放在句首 句尾 而which引導(dǎo)的只能放在主句之后 5 介詞 關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句theboywaspaid100dollarsforcleaningthewindows mostofwhichhadnotbeencleanedforyears wereceivedalargenumberofvisitors someofwhomareveryoldpeople thecompanynowhasmorethan100employees halfofwhomarewomen theyhavefourchildren theyoungestofwhomisaboy wegotthepartyatseven bywhichtimetheyhadenjoyedthemselvesfortwohours heisthemanfromwhosehousethepicturewasstolen a 代詞 數(shù)量詞 adj 最高級(jí) of 關(guān)系代詞 b prep 關(guān)系代詞 n andbythattime andhishouse therewasnopeopleinthestreettowhomshecouldturnforhelp 這就是你要的那本書 thisisthebookyouasked atthestationwemetakind heartedman withthehelpofwhomweeasilyfoundthehotel c prep 關(guān)系代詞 根據(jù)定從的謂語選擇適合的prep forwhich 動(dòng)詞短語不能拆開 如 lookfor lookforwardto takecareof等 therearefiftypatientsnow whomwemusttakecareof d 介詞短語 關(guān)系代詞 withwhosehelp 介詞的選用原則1 根據(jù)定從中謂語動(dòng)詞的習(xí)慣搭配來選介詞thisisthebookwhichispent8yuan thisisthebookwhichipaid8yuan 2 根據(jù)先行詞的搭配習(xí)慣來選介詞irememberthedaywhichijoinedtheparty irememberthedayswhichilivedhere irememberthemonthwhichistayedthere 3 介詞可后移 關(guān)系代詞可省略thepersontowhomyouwillwriteismr white thepersonwhomyouwillwritetoismr white 4 介詞后若有關(guān)系代詞 不用that或who 只能用which或whomtheplaceinwhichiwillarriveisparis doyouknowthegirltowhomiintroducedmary 5 定語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞是含有介詞的動(dòng)詞短語時(shí) thisisthebabywhomyouwilllookafter on for on during in that who 不填 1 occasionsarerareihavethetimetospendadaywithmykids awhobwhichcwhydwhen2 alltheneighborsadmirethisfamilytheparentsaretreatingtheirchildlikeafriend awhybwherecwhichdwhat3 iworkinabusinessalmosteveryoneiswaitingforagreatchance ahowbwhichcwheredthat4 thebookwaswrittenin1946 theeducationsystemhaswitnessedgreatchanges awhenbduringwhichcsincethendsincewhen5 aftergraduationshereachedapointinhercareersheneededtodecidewhattodo athatbwhatcwhichdwhere6 hewaseducatedatthelocalhighschool hewenttobeijinguniversity aafterwhichbafterthatcinwhichdinthat d b c d d a 7 today wewilldiscussanumberofcasesbeginners