5個(gè)詞根10個(gè)文化詞語.doc

1.com-,con-表示共同 combine聯(lián)合，結(jié)合compassion同情compatriot同胞commend贊揚(yáng)；推薦commemorate紀(jì)念2.by-表示在旁邊，副的byproduct副產(chǎn)品byroad輔路byway小道bygone過時(shí)的byline作者署名行3.bi-表示兩個(gè)，兩biweekly雙周刊bilingual雙語種的biennial兩年一次的biannual一年兩次的bifurcate分成兩杈的4.bene- 表示善，好benewolent好意的benefaction好事；恩惠benefit好處，利益benediction祝福beneficent仁慈的，善行的5.anti-表示反對(duì)，相反antiwar反戰(zhàn)的antitank反坦克的antipathy反感antithesis對(duì)立；反論antitrust反托拉斯的1.玩火自焚 Whoever plays with fire shall perish by itDuring the Spring and Autumn Period (770-476 B.C.), prince Zhouyu of the State of Wei killed his brother, Duke Huan of Wei, and became the new emperor. Zhouyu was a tyrant, oppressing his people and indulging in wars of aggression. By launching wars, he tried to divert his peoples attention and reduce their discontent with him.The Duke of the State of Lu learned about Zhouyus usurpation of state power and his ambitious plan to annex other states. He then asked one of his officials, Could Zhouyu, in your opinion, attain what he aims for? The official answered, He indulges in wars and brings his people much disaster. He wont get their support. And hes capricious, so few of his close friends follow him. He will never achieve his ambition. Moreover, war is like fire. If one launches wars endlessly without restraint, hell eventually burn himself. As it turned out, with the help of the State of Chen, the people of Wei overthrew Zhouyu and killed him in less than a year.Later, people use the idiom to say that those who do evil will ultimately ruin themselves. 春秋時(shí)期，衛(wèi)國的公子州吁殺死了他的哥哥衛(wèi)桓公，成了衛(wèi)國的國君。州吁是個(gè)暴君，他壓迫百姓，到處侵略別的國家。他想利用戰(zhàn)爭來分散百姓的注意力，減少人們對(duì)他的不滿，從而鞏固他的專政。魯國的君王知道州吁篡奪了王位，還企圖吞并其他國家，就問他手下的一名官員：“你認(rèn)為州吁的目的能達(dá)到嗎？”那位官員說道：“州吁到處打仗，給人民帶來了災(zāi)難，人民不會(huì)支持他。他這個(gè)人又反復(fù)無常，身邊沒有什么親信，他不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的野心。而且，戰(zhàn)爭就像火，無休止地打仗，最后，火會(huì)燒到自己身上?！惫?，不到一年，衛(wèi)國人民就在陳國的幫助下推翻了州吁的統(tǒng)治，并處死了他。后來，人們用這個(gè)成語來比喻干害人的勾當(dāng)，最后受害的還是自己。2.鐵匠與小狗 The Blacksmith And DogA Blacksmith had a little Dog, which used to sleep when his master was at work, but was very wide awake indeed when it was time for meals. One day his master pretended to be disgusted at this, and then he had thrown him a bone as usual, he said, “What on earth is the good of a lazy cur like you?” When I am hammering away at my anvil, you just curl up and go to sleep, but no sooner do I stop for a mouthful of food than you wake up and wag your tail to be fed. 鐵匠家有一條小狗，小狗常常在主人打鐵時(shí)睡覺，但是一到了吃飯時(shí)間，便異常清醒起來。有一天，鐵匠假裝對(duì)此很生氣，一邊像往常一樣扔給小狗一塊骨頭，一邊說：“地球上還有像你一樣懶惰的壞蛋嗎？”你這家伙，總是在我賣力工作時(shí)，蜷縮起來睡覺，可是，只要我一停下來吃點(diǎn)東西，你就清醒地?fù)u著尾巴過來討飯吃。“3.鷹與捕鷹者The Eagle and his CaptorA Man once caught an Eagle, and after clipping his wings turned him loose among the fowls in his hen-house, where he moped in a corner, looking very dejected and forlorn. After a while his Captor was glad enough to sell him to a neighbour, who took him home and let his wings grow again.As soon as he had recovered the use of them, the Eagle flew out and caught a hare, which he brought home and presented to his benefactor. A fox observed this, and said to the Eagle, “Dont waste your gifts on him! Go and give them to the man who first caught you; make him your friend, and then perhaps he wont catch you and clip your wings a second time.” 從前，有一個(gè)人捉住了一只鷹，隨后便剪斷了他的翅膀，放入雞窩中與其它家禽一起飼養(yǎng)，鷹一直呆在角落里暗自悲傷，看上去甚為沮喪和絕望。沒過多久，捕獲老鷹的那個(gè)人很高興地將鷹賣給了一個(gè)鄰居，鄰居把鷹帶回家后又幫它長出了新的翅膀。鷹飛出去抓住了一只兔子，立刻帶回家給恩人。一只狐貍看到后，便對(duì)老鷹說：“不要在他身上浪費(fèi)你的獵物，把這份禮物送給以前捕獲你的那個(gè)人，和他交個(gè)朋友，那么，或許他不會(huì)再次捕獲你，并剪斷你的翅膀。”4. Fall Behind Sun Shan 名落孫山In the Song Dynasty (960-1279) there was a joker called Sun Shan. One year he went to take the imperial examination and came last on the list of successful candidates.Back in his hometown, one of his neighbors asked him whether the neighbors son had also passed. Sun Shan said with a smile: Sun Shan was the last on the list. Your son came after Sun Shan.Later, people used this idiom to indicate failing in an examination or competition. 宋朝時(shí)（公元960年-1279年）有一個(gè)擅長幽默的人，名叫孫山。有一年，他去參加科舉考試。發(fā)榜之后，孫山榜上有名，但是排在最后一位。孫山回到家鄉(xiāng)后，一位同鄉(xiāng)向他打聽自己的兒子考上沒有。孫山笑了笑說：“孫山考上最后一名，您兒子的名字還在孫山后面呢?！焙髞砣藗冇谩懊鋵O山”來比喻考試沒有考上或者選拔沒有被錄取。5. 半途而廢Give up halfwayDuring the Eastern Han Dynasty (25-220AD), there was a man called Yue Yangzi. Encouraged by his wife, he left home to visit scholars and enrich his knowledge.A year later, he came back home suddenly.Why have you returned? asked his wife in surprise, Youve only spent one year studying with scholars.I come back because I missed you very much, Yue Yangzi replied.Without saying anything, his wife took a pair of scissors and went to the loom at which she had worked. Pointing at the half-done brocade, she proclaimed, This brocade is woven from the finest silk. I wove one strand after another to produce the brocade. Now if I cut it, all my previous work will be wasted. Its the same with your studies. Now, youve stopped halfway. Isnt it the same as cutting the brocade on the loom? Deeply moved by what she said, Yue Yangzi again left home to continue his studies.Several years later, he finished his studies and became a learned man.東漢時(shí)，有個(gè)名叫樂羊子的人，在妻子的鼓勵(lì)下，出遠(yuǎn)門拜師求學(xué)。一年后，樂羊子突然回到家中。他的妻子很驚訝地問：“你怎么回來了？你才和那些學(xué)者學(xué)了一年呀！”樂羊子說：“我太想你了，所以回來看看。”他的妻子聽了之后，二話不說，拿起把剪刀走到她的織布機(jī)前，指著那塊已經(jīng)完成了一半的錦緞?wù)f：“這塊錦緞?dòng)玫氖亲詈玫慕z，我一絲絲的累積來織成這錦緞。如果我現(xiàn)在把它剪斷，就等于前功盡棄。你求學(xué)也是這樣，如果現(xiàn)在停止，和剪斷織布機(jī)上的錦緞?dòng)惺裁磪^(qū)別？”樂羊子被妻子的話深深感動(dòng)，于是立刻離開家，繼續(xù)拜師求學(xué)。幾年后，樂洋子終于完成學(xué)業(yè)，成為一個(gè)博學(xué)的人。6. 投鼠忌器Hesitate to pelt a rat for fear of smashing the dishes (beside it)There is a story in Book of Han about a rich man who was a lover of antiques. Among his large collection was a rare vase made of jade. The vase was of exquisite workmanship and of historical value. He loved it dearly.One night, he noticed a mouse jumped into the vase and was trying to eat some food which the man had carelessly left there. The sight infuriated the man. In a fit of rage, he threw a stone at the mouse. For sure, the mouse was killed, but the precious vase was also broken.The loss of the vase pained the man greatly. He deeply regretted his own thoughtlessness had brought such unrecoverable loss. He now realized that anyone who only cares for the present and overlooks consequences is apt to bring disasters upon himself. So he sounded a warning: People should not ruin their precious things to get rid of a mouse, but hesitate to pelt a rat for fear of smashing the dishes beside it.Now, the idiom tu sh j q is mainly used to refer to people who are cautious in taking action.漢書中有這么個(gè)故事：有個(gè)富人很喜歡古董。在他收藏的很多寶貝中，有一件稀有的玉盂，工藝精湛，具有很高的歷史價(jià)值，深受這個(gè)富人的喜愛。一天晚上，一只老鼠跳進(jìn)了這個(gè)玉盂，想去吃里邊的一些剩菜，正巧被這個(gè)富人看到了。他非常惱火，盛怒之下，他拿了塊石頭砸向老鼠。當(dāng)然，老鼠是被砸死了，可是那個(gè)珍貴的玉盂也被打破了。這件事使富人非常難過，他深深后悔自己的魯莽帶來的不可挽回的損失。他認(rèn)識(shí)到：只考慮眼前，而忽視后果，將給自己帶來災(zāi)難。因此，他向世人發(fā)出警告：要“投鼠忌器”，不要為了除掉一只老鼠而毀掉自己珍貴的寶物?，F(xiàn)在，成語“投鼠忌器”常用來比喻做事有所顧忌，不敢放手進(jìn)行。7.一技之長Proficiency in a particular lineThere was a famous scholar called Gongsun Long from the State of Zhao during the Warring States Period (475-221BC). Keeping a circle of skilled people around him, he often said, A wise man will welcome anyone with a specialty.One day, a man dressed in tattered and dirty clothes came to visit him and recommended himself: I have a special skill. Gongsun Long asked, What is it? The man answered, I have a very loud voice and Im good at shouting. Then Gongsun Long turned to his followers and asked, Is there anyone who is good at shouting? But none of them answered yes. So the scholar took the man in.Some days later, Gongsun Long and his followers went on a trip. They came to a wide river and found the ferryboat was on the other side of the river. All of them had no idea about what to do. It suddenly came to Gongsun Longs mind that the man he just took in was good at shouting, so he turned to the man and asked, Can you shout loudly at the ferryman so that he may get us? The man realized it was the chance to show his skill. He shouted to the ferryman as loudly as he could, Hey, ferryman, come here! We want to cross the river. As his voice ended, the ferryman rowed the boat towards them. Gongsun Long was very satisfied with his new follower.Later, people use the phrase, y j zh chng to describe anyone who has a special professional skill. 戰(zhàn)國時(shí)期，趙國有位名士叫公孫龍。他手下聚集了許多有自己特長的門客。他常說：“一個(gè)聰明人應(yīng)該善于接納每一個(gè)有自己特長的人?！币惶?，有個(gè)穿著很破爛的人來見他，并向他推薦自己：“我有一項(xiàng)特別的本領(lǐng)。”公孫龍就問道：“什么本領(lǐng)？”那個(gè)人回答道：“我聲音特別大，很善于叫喊?！惫珜O龍聽了，就轉(zhuǎn)身問他旁邊的門客：“你們有誰善于叫喊？”結(jié)果沒有一個(gè)人回答“是”。于是，他就收下了這個(gè)很善于叫喊的人作他的隨從。沒過多久，公孫龍和他的門客一起出外游玩。他們來到一條很寬的河邊，發(fā)現(xiàn)渡船在河的另一頭，所有人都不知怎么辦好。突然，公孫龍想起他最近收的那個(gè)人的本領(lǐng)是善于叫喊，于是，他就轉(zhuǎn)過頭去對(duì)那人說：“你大聲叫對(duì)面的船夫，看能不能把他叫過來?！蹦侨擞X得展示他技能的時(shí)候到了，就盡力大聲向?qū)γ婧埃骸拔梗?，過來，我們要過河?！碑?dāng)他叫聲剛完，那對(duì)面的船夫就搖著船過來了。公孫龍對(duì)這個(gè)新收的門客非常滿意。后來，“一技之長”就用來形容一個(gè)人有一項(xiàng)特殊的本領(lǐng)。8. 驢、狐貍和獅子The ass the fox and the lionAn Ass and a Fox went into partnership and sallied out to forage for food together. They hadnt gone far before they saw a Lion coming their way, at which they were both dreadfully frightened. But the Fox thought he saw a way of saving his own skin, and went boldly up to the Lion and whispered in his ear, Ill manage that you shall get hold of the Ass without the trouble of stalking him, if youll promise to let me go free. The Lion agreed to this, and the Fox then rejoined his companion and contrived before long to lead him by a hidden pit, which some hunter had dug as a trap for wild animals, and into which he fell. When the Lion saw that the Ass was safely caught and couldnt get away,it was to the Fox that he first turned his attention, and he soon finished him off, and then at his leisure proceeded to feast upon the A 驢和狐貍商量好一起去覓食。還沒走出多遠(yuǎn)，突然看見一只獅子走過來，他們倆都嚇得不得了。然而，狐貍卻想出一條妙計(jì)，可以保全自己的性命。他立即跑到獅子面前，附耳小聲地說：“如果你答應(yīng)放我走，我就能保證讓你毫不費(fèi)力地抓住那頭驢。”獅子應(yīng)允了他的提議，狐貍便引誘驢掉進(jìn)了一個(gè)陷阱里，這是某些獵人為捕獲野生動(dòng)物而事先挖掘出的洞。獅子見驢已被俘，再也逃不掉了，于是便轉(zhuǎn)向剛才和他說話的那只狐貍，很快便抓住狐貍吃掉了。然后再慢慢地享受陷阱里的驢。9. 畫餅充饑Draw a pancake to allay hunger to feed on illusionsLu Yu was a learned man of integrity who served as a senior official in the period of Three Kingdoms (220-280).Once, the emperor of Wei was trying to fill a government post, and was studying a list of famous names put forward by his officials. The emperor said, I want Lu Yu to select the right person, rather than choosing one of the well-known but useless individuals on this list. Fame is just like a pancake drawn on the wall. You cannot eat it. Lu Yu suggested the emperor conduct examinations to find the best candidate. From that time on, officials were appointed according to their real ability and Lu Yus method of selection was widely praised.At first the idiom meant unjustified fame, but it later came to mean satisfying oneself by imagining things, or consoling oneself with false hopes.三國時(shí)期（220280），有一個(gè)正直的文人叫盧毓，在魏國做大官。一次宮中選拔人才，官員們推薦了許多有名的人，魏國的皇帝說：“讓盧毓來選人，我不要這些只有名聲而沒有真才實(shí)學(xué)的人。名聲就像畫在墻上的餅，不可以拿來吃?！北R毓建議皇帝選拔和考試相結(jié)合。從此，皇帝根據(jù)個(gè)人的實(shí)際能力來任命官員。盧毓的方法得到了大家的稱贊。成語“畫餅充饑”就來自于皇帝所說的話。最