2015高考英語一輪專題復習題-專題二-名詞有解析

專題二 名詞1.【2014屆陜西西安鐵一中國際合作學校高三上學期11月模擬】Nowadays, few people develop the habit of keeping a supply of oil-lamps in the house in case of power _.A. lack B. absence C. failure D. drop1【解析】C考查名詞辨析。句意：如今，很少有人以防能源短缺，養(yǎng)成保存油燈供應的習慣。lack缺少；absence缺席；failure失?。籨rop落下。故C正確。2.【2014屆浙江省湖州中學高三上學期期中考試】At the school sports meeting, many students are full of _, but Im always exhausted.Youd better take more exercise.A. strength B. force C. energy D. power2. 【解析】C考查名詞辨析。句意：許多學生精力充沛，而我總是精疲力竭。strength力氣，主要指“肌肉力量以及物體的承重力或抗拉力”。force: 指“能量的應用”即釋放的能量及其沖擊力。energy指“活力”。power指可供使用的能量，如意志力、影響力、控制力。full of energy（充滿活力）與后文exhausted（精疲力竭的）相對。故選C項。3【2014屆黑龍江省齊齊哈爾實驗中學高三上學期期中考試】Teachers have to constantly update their knowledge in order to maintain their professional _.A. consequence B. independence C. competence D. intelligence3.【解析】C考查名詞辨析。句意：老師們要不斷地更新自己的知識以保持他們能夠勝任工作的能力。consequence 結果；independence獨立；competence 資格；能力；勝任，稱職；intelligence 智力，根據(jù)句意選C項。4.【2014屆浙江省五校高三第一次聯(lián)考】When you talk about a persons _, you are referring to the country, race, or social class of their parents or ancestors.A. origin B. nationality C. generation D. relation4【解析】A考查名詞辨析。句意：當你們在談論一個人的出身的時候，你們是在談論他的父母親或者祖先的國家，種族或者社會地位。origin起源，根源；出身；nationality國籍；generation一代人；relation關系，聯(lián)系；教育。根據(jù)第二句中的the country, race, or social class of their parents or ancestors可知是對名詞origin的內容的解釋。故選A項。5.【2014屆甘肅省部分普通高中高三目標診斷】This restaurant has become popular for its wide _ of foods that suit all tastes and pockets.A. division B. area C. range D. circle5.【解析】C考查名詞辨析。句意：這家餐館越來越出名是由于它做的各種各樣的食物適應各種類型人群。division分隔、隔離；area地區(qū)；range同一種類之中的一系列；circle圈。a range of 強調一個系列，而a wide range of意為“各種各樣的”。正好符合題意。從句子結構來講，這個句子屬于典型的“從句套從句”。for引導原因狀語從句，that引導定語從句。故選C項。6.【2014屆湖北省八校高三第一次聯(lián)考】The lead singer was ill and couldnt sing that night, and her _ didnt perform well, which made the audience disappointed.A. attitude B.substitute C. institute D. altitude6【解析】B考查名詞辨析。句意：那天晚上領銜歌手生病無法演出，她的替補表現(xiàn)得也不好，這讓觀眾很失望。substitute替換者；替補；attitude態(tài)度；institute學會，協(xié)會；學院；altitude高度；海拔。根據(jù)句意選B項。7.【2014屆湖北省黃梅一中高三上學期適應性訓練】When he picked up a large sum of money by accident, he battled with his _ whether he should keep it or return it to the owner.A. consciousness B. conscience C. commitment D. convenience7【解析】B考查名詞辨析。句意：當他撿到一大筆錢的時候，他在他的良心道德做斗志，是吞了這筆錢還是把錢交給失主。consciousness意識，觀念，覺悟；conscience良心，道德；commitment承諾，許諾，致力；convenience方便，便利；根據(jù)句意選B項。8.【2014屆遼寧省撫順二中高三上學期期中考試】The police are trying to find out the _ of the woman murdered in the bathroom.A. evidence B. characteristic C. status D. identity8【解析】A考查名詞辨析。句意：警察正在努力找到那個婦女在浴室被殺的證據(jù)。evidence 證據(jù)；characteristic人格，特性；status身份狀態(tài)；identity身份，故選項。9.【2014屆安徽省宿松縣程集中學高三上學期期中考試】One of the advantages of living on the top of a high building is that you can get a good _.A. sight B. scenery C. appearance D. view9【解析】D考查名詞辨析。句意：住在高樓頂部的一個好處是你可以一覽眾景。sight光景，既可以指場景、眼前看到的景觀（多指人工的事物，如大建筑史跡等有名的處所），又可以指名勝、風景，只是在表示后者的含義時，必須要用復數(shù)。它與view或者scenery最大的不同就在于：當sight指景物時，多指某的特有的名勝；view景色，常指從遠處或高處看到的景象，屬于scenery的一部分，有時可與scene互換；scenery景致、外景，指某地乃至國家總的外景或外貌，尤指美麗的鄉(xiāng)間景色。故選D項。10.【2014屆天津市六校高三上期第一次聯(lián)考】Clare has offered a _ of $ 100 to anyone who can find her lost cell phone.A. benefit B. cost C. reward D. price10【解析】C考查名詞辨析。句意：Clare提供100美元賞金給找到她手機的人。benefit利益，好處；救濟金，津貼；cost錢，代價；花費，費用；reward報酬；報答；賞金；酬金；price價格，價錢。從信息句who can find her lost cell phone可判斷是賞金，故選C項。11【2014屆安徽六校教育研究會新高三素質測試】I accepted a _ teaching students ages 6 to 12 with severe learning and behavioral _ whod moved from school to school.A. position; difficulties B. post; hardC. job; troubles D. occupation; difficulty11【解析】A考查名詞辨析。句意: 我接受了一個教從這個學校到那個學校且具有嚴重學習困難及行為六到十二歲的學生們的職位。position職位；difficulties困難；post職位；job工作；trouble困難；occupation可以泛指各種專業(yè)。position與post都表示職位的區(qū)別： post更傾向于job 它更強調一份工作，而且使用環(huán)境并不十分正式；而position更強調“職位” 這不僅僅代表了一個位置，一份工作，同時也帶有“負責任的”“職稱”等比較正式的隱藏含義，所以第一空填position；difficulty表示具體的困難時是可數(shù)名詞，表示抽象概念“困難”時是不可數(shù)名詞，題干指學習和行為困難，故用復數(shù)“difficulties”；故選A項。12.【2014屆福建省廈門一中高三上學期期中】The discovery of the new drug is of great _ to people who suffer from heart problems.A. appreciationB. significanceC. satisfactionD. guidance12【解析】B考查名詞辨析。句意：新藥物的發(fā)現(xiàn)對患心臟病的人及其重要。appreciation欣賞，感激；significance重要性；satisfaction滿意；guidance指導。這里考查be of +抽象名詞，相當于be + adj.故選B項。13.【2014屆浙江象山普通高中高三第二次模擬】The teacher wants his students to know more about modern science and tries hard to develop a (n) _ about nature among his students.A. curiosity B. habit C. ability D. independence13【解析】A考查名詞辨析。句意：老師希望他的學生更多地了解有關的現(xiàn)代科學，并力圖在學生們中開發(fā)他們對自然的一種好奇心。curiosity 好奇心；habit習慣；ability 能力；independence 獨立。根據(jù)句意可知選A項。14.【2014屆安徽省“江淮十校”協(xié)作體高三上學期第一次聯(lián)考】According to a UN report，one third of the world population have no to clean drinking water and health care.A. meansB. approachC. channel D. access14【解析】D考查名詞辨析。句意：根據(jù)聯(lián)合國的報告，三分之一的世界人口沒有獲得干凈的飲用水和健康護理的機會。means方法，手段；approach方法，途徑；channel頻道；access獲得的機會，have (no) access to有（無）獲得的機會，根據(jù)句意選D項。15.【2014屆河北省唐山一中高三第二次調研】The _ is just around the corner and you wont miss it. A. bicycles shopB. bicycle shop C. bicycles shopD. bicycles shopx#k#b#115【解析】B考查名詞作定語的用法。句意：那個自行車商店就在附近，你不會錯過的。名詞做定語表示性質、功能等。故選B項。16.【2014屆湖北省荊州市高中畢業(yè)班質量檢查】Sometimes the _ between the reality and the dream is so great that it produces disappointment. A. combination B. application C. contrast D. disapproval16【解析】C考查名詞辨析。句意：現(xiàn)實與夢想之間的“反差”往往讓人失望。combination: 聯(lián)合、集合；application申請；應用；disapproval不贊成。均不合題意。contrast對照、對比。故選C項。17.【2014屆浙江省浙北名校聯(lián)盟高三上學期期中聯(lián)考】Ladies and gentlemen, please raise your glasses and drink a _ to the success of the new company.A. privilegeB. potentialC. toastD. ambition18【解析】C考查名詞辨析。句意：女士們先生們，請舉起你的酒杯，干杯祝新公司成功。privilege特別照顧，特殊榮幸；potential潛在力、潛勢；ambition抱負,雄心；toast祝酒，干杯；祝酒詞。故選C項。 19.【2014屆安徽省馬鞍山二中高三上學期期中】He had a headache and went to the chemists to get something for his pain_.A. relax B. relief C. leisure D. comfort19【解析】B考查名詞辨析。句意：他頭疼去藥店買些東西緩解疼痛。relax放松；relief緩解，寬慰；leisure休閑；comfort安慰。根據(jù)句意選B項。20.【2014屆海南省瓊海市嘉積中學高三上學期段考】He is such a man who is always finding _ with other people.A. error B. weakness C. mistake D. fault20【解析】D考查名詞辨析。句意：他是總是找別人茬的人。error 錯誤；weakness弱點； mistake錯誤；fault過失，錯誤。find fault with sb找某人的茬，根據(jù)句意選D項。21.【2014屆江蘇省鎮(zhèn)江市高三上學期期中調研】The priest made the _ of the cross when he entered the church.A. mark B. signalC. signD. gesture21【解析】C考查名詞辨析。句意：牧師進入教堂的時候，劃了個十字（的標志）。mark記號；signal信號；sign標志；gesture手勢。根據(jù)題意可知選C項。22【2014屆浙江省紹興市第一中學高三上學期期中】Filmisnot onlyauniversalentertainmentmodeinmodern times,but also an important _ for cultural communication.A. transportation B. appearance C.controversyD. vehicle22【解析】D考查名詞辨析。句意：電影不僅是一種現(xiàn)代社會普遍的娛樂方式，而且也是一種重要的文化傳播載體。transportation交通；appearance外表；controversy爭論；vehicle車輛。根據(jù)情理可知電影可以傳播文化，所以把它看作一種媒體，載體。故選D項。23.【2013-2014學年甘肅省張掖中學第一學期高三第二次模擬】The do