初中英語(yǔ)單詞 QR S.doc

初高中詞匯 QR教學(xué)目標(biāo)：1.初高中以QR字母開頭的單詞用法 2.初高中重點(diǎn)句型應(yīng)用教學(xué)重難點(diǎn)：1.初高中以QR字母開頭的單詞用法聯(lián)合記憶 2.初高中重點(diǎn)句型應(yīng)用一. 重點(diǎn)詞匯及短語(yǔ)1. question 【用法】 n.問(wèn)題；疑問(wèn)【搭配】 1.beside the question 離題，在問(wèn)題之2.out of the question 沒問(wèn)題，毫無(wú)疑問(wèn) 3.out of the question 不可能的，辦不到的。4.put a question to sb.向某人擔(dān)問(wèn)題 5.without question 毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)【辨析】trouble，problem，question， matterl question 指主觀存在的“疑惑、疑問(wèn)”，所以是需要“回答answer的”；l problem 指客觀存在的和遇到的疑難問(wèn)題，有時(shí)指較嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)題，所以是需要“解決（ solve ， work out ）的l trouble 指遇到的“麻煩、問(wèn)題”，指存在并有點(diǎn)棘手的問(wèn)題；l matter 表示“事情，麻煩”，指具有某種特征的事例?！九e例】Having lived in the town for quite a few years, Mr. Johnson no longer felt _ among the local people.A. out of order B. out of place C. out of control D. out of the question2. raise 【用法】v.暗 舉起；使升高【搭配】1.raise ones eyes 舉目觀看 2.raise ones voice against sb/sth堅(jiān)決的發(fā)言而反對(duì)某人或某事物。【辨析】raise, rise, arise, arouse rise, arise 是不及物動(dòng)詞raise, arouse是及物動(dòng)詞 l rise 意為“升起，增高,增漲”- rise（rose，risen） 說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)自身移向較高位置，常用于日、月、云、霧、煙、蒸汽、河水、溫度、物價(jià)等，無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 The sun rose at seven oclock. 太陽(yáng)七點(diǎn)鐘升起。The river is rising after the rain. 雨后河水漲了。l arise意為“開始發(fā)生，出現(xiàn)，產(chǎn)生” - arise（arose，arisen）常用短語(yǔ)：arise from / out of sth.由引起；因產(chǎn)生。 Problems arose from the outset.一開始就產(chǎn)生了很多問(wèn)題。l arouse意為“激起，喚醒；使. 奮發(fā)” 1.arouse ones interest / sympathy“喚起某人的興趣 / 同情心” 2.arouse sb. 喚醒某人He fell into a sound sleep, dont arouse him. 他睡熟了，別喚醒他。l raise vt. 說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)發(fā)出的動(dòng)作是要作用于其它事物的，往往有使物體達(dá)到其應(yīng)有的高度的含義?？捎糜诒粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)?！九e例】1. Last year the advertising rate_by 20 percent. A. raised B. aroused C. arose D. rose2.They glasses to the friendship between the two peoples. 他們舉杯為兩國(guó)人民的友誼干杯。 3. This weight is too heavy; I cant it. 這東西太重，我舉不起來(lái)。4.The lecture my interest. 報(bào)告引起了我的興趣。5.Salaries have been 。現(xiàn)在薪水已增加了。 6. Serious complications may from this sudden change of plans.突變的計(jì)劃可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重的糾紛。3. rather 【用法】 adv. 寧可；最好【搭配】1.would/had ratherthan 寧愿 而不愿：He would/had rather stay at home than go out.他寧愿呆在家也不愿出門2.ratherthan 與其 倒不如，不是 而是： Hed rather drink boiled water than coffee. 他寧愿喝開水也不愿喝咖啡。 He is an artist rather than a philosopher.與其說(shuō)他是個(gè)哲學(xué)家不如說(shuō)他是個(gè)藝術(shù)家注意：l 注意：would ratherthan 詞組中，后面接動(dòng)詞原形，但當(dāng)would rather 后跟從句，從句謂語(yǔ)要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，即用過(guò)去時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)要做的事：e.g.I would rather that we stopped now.我寧可現(xiàn)在停下來(lái)。4. reach 【用法】v.伸出；延伸 ；到達(dá) 相當(dāng)于【搭配】1.get to / arrive in/arrive at 2.reach ones hand 出手 3.reach sb. Sth. 給某人某物4.with easy reach of 在容易達(dá)到 的地方：在 的附近5. realise (realize) 【用法】n.& v 意識(shí)；認(rèn)知；意識(shí)到；認(rèn)識(shí)到. （不用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）【辨析】realize / understandl 這兩個(gè)詞是近義詞，在一起比較一般和含義是“意識(shí)到”，“弄明白”，常常可以互換使用。You dont understand / realize what a difficult position Im in. 你不會(huì)明白我的處境多么困難。l realize 也可以表示“實(shí)現(xiàn)”：The Chinese people are sure to realize the modernization of their country.中國(guó)人民必將實(shí)現(xiàn)國(guó)家現(xiàn)代化。l understand 也可以表示“聽懂，理解”The English understand them.英國(guó)人說(shuō)話都能互相聽懂，可是他們講話我卻聽不懂。6. receive 【用法】v.接收；收到；接受；【搭配】1.receive sth from sb 2.receive a letter from sb = hear from sb3.received opinion 【拓展】adj 公認(rèn)為正確而普遍接受的 n. receiver 接受者， 電話聽筒 【辨析】get , receive, acceptl get側(cè)重獲得，主觀意識(shí)強(qiáng);還可以做系動(dòng)詞，解釋為使得./變得. (沒有被動(dòng)形式)I got a gift from my mother。我從媽媽那獲得了一件禮物I got him bored 我惹惱他了 I got tired我(變得)好累l receive側(cè)重收到，指的是客觀。I received a note from the bank 我收到了銀行通知單。l accept的意思是:認(rèn)可/接受. 反義詞為refuse:拒絕I received a gift from him，but I didnt accept it 。我收到了一件他送的禮物，但是我們接受?！九e例】1.If no one _ the phone at home, ring me at work.A. answers B. returns C. replies D. receives2.As they havent a child of their own, theyre going to _ a little girl.A. acceptB. receiveC. adaptD. adopt3.In this seaside resort，you can _all the comfort and convenience of modern tourism Aenjoy Bapply Creceive Dachieve 7. remind 【用法】v. 提醒，使記起【舉例】I cant think of his name, can you remind me?【搭配】remind sb of / about sth 提醒某人某事 remind sb to do sth 提醒某人去做某事 remind sb + that 從句【演練】Tom remind the manager_ the meeting in the afternoon. A. of B. at C. for D. to He reminds her _they would do to the Summer Palace this afternoon. A. that B. what C. when D. where8. require 【用法】v.需要；規(guī)定 (不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)) All cars requires servicing reqularly【搭配】make some requirements【拓展】n. requirement【辨析】demandrequestaskrequirel demand表示有正當(dāng)權(quán)利的要求，因此含有“堅(jiān)決或強(qiáng)烈要求”的意思。l require 表示按照法規(guī)、權(quán)利提出的要求或命令，指客觀需要。 I have done all that is required by law。我已經(jīng)按照法律規(guī)定把一切做好。l request則表示“有禮貌的請(qǐng)求或正式的請(qǐng)求”。 atonesrequest / byrequestofsb. Many people have requested the next song. 許多人要求聽下面這首歌。l ask 一般用的比較多，比較通俗，語(yǔ)氣也較客氣。 Theteacher askedyoutobeabsent。老師要求你不在場(chǎng).u require和request都可以接賓語(yǔ) + to do，而demand沒有此種用法。u require + 動(dòng)名詞時(shí)，主動(dòng)形式的動(dòng)名詞具有被動(dòng)意義，而demand和request無(wú)此種用法?！九e例】His request _ help has been rejected by the board.A. of B. from C.on D.for9. return 【用法】v.回；返回；【搭配】1. return sth. to sb. 帶回或送回某物。 2. return a favor 回報(bào) 3. return to 返回 4. Many happy returns! 祝你長(zhǎng)壽！ 5. return blow for blow 以牙還牙6. return thanks 答謝10. right 【用法】n. & adj. 公正的；正確的：【搭配】1. all right 同意，贊同 2. do the right thing 做得好 3. right away 立刻，馬上 4. right here 就在這里 5.right now 就在現(xiàn)在6. by rights 按理；照理7. in the right 有里11. run (ran, run) 【用法】v.跑；逃避 經(jīng)營(yíng)【搭配】1.run after sb 追趕某人 2.run away from sb 突然離開某人或某處3.run into sb 偶然遇見某人4.run out of sth/run sth out 用完，耗盡5. run across 碰到，遇到6. run for 競(jìng)選【拓展】名詞： runner【舉例】1. I learned to _ a bicycle as a small boy.A. ride B. drive C. operate D.run 2. If you drive so fast, youll_ someone some day. 3. He didnt want to _ president (in) that year.The thief _ assoon as he could in order to escape from being caught. 4. Ive _ my ink.5. I happened to _ Xiao Li in the street. 6. In that way youll only _ difficulties.12. rush 【用法】v.沖；奔騰 The students rushed out of the classroom. 學(xué)生們從教室里沖出來(lái)。【搭配】1.rush into 沖進(jìn)去 2.rush out of 沖出來(lái)3.run into doing sth 倉(cāng)促行事二. 重要句型句型41：have gone to Wheres he？Hes gone to Washington他在哪兒？他去華盛頓了。 句型42：be famous for Hawaii is famous for its beautiful beaches夏威夷以它美麗的海灘而出名。 句型43：No matter 疑問(wèn)句主句 No matter when you come，you are welcomed無(wú)論你們什么時(shí)候來(lái)，都受歡迎。 句型44：be afraid（oftodothat） Im afraid not恐怕不能。 Dont be afraid of making mistakes when speaking English當(dāng)說(shuō)英語(yǔ)時(shí)不要害怕犯錯(cuò)誤。 Hes afraid to go out at night晚上他不敢出去。 Im afraid that he cant come here tomorrow恐怕他明天不能來(lái)這兒。 句型45：asas possibleasas sbcan I hope to see him as soon as possible我希望能盡快見到他。 He ran here as fast as he could他盡最大努力跑到這兒。 句型46：practiseenjoyfinish doing A young man practised speaking English with Mr Green一個(gè)年青人和格林先生練習(xí)說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。 Tom enjoys playing football very much湯姆很喜歡踢足球。 He finished reading the story book他看完了那本故事書。 句型47：Its said that Its said that one of the most dangerous sharks is the Great White Shark據(jù)說(shuō)最危險(xiǎn)的鯊魚之一是大白鯊。 句型48：Not alleveryone Not all sharks are alike并不是所有的鯊魚都一樣。 Not everyone likes dumplings并不是每個(gè)人都喜歡餃子。 句型49：be based on His argument is based on facts他的論斷是以事實(shí)為根據(jù)的。 句型50：so that Put the tree in the hole so that it is straight把樹放入洞穴中，讓它立直。三. 重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞I. 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的分類、意義及構(gòu)成：非謂語(yǔ)形式構(gòu)成特征和作用時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)否定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)不定式to doto be doing to have doneto be doneto have been done在非謂語(yǔ)前加notfor sb. to do sth.具有名詞，副詞和形容詞的作用在句中做主、賓、定、表和狀語(yǔ)分詞現(xiàn)在分詞doinghaving donebeing donehaving been done具有副詞和形容詞的作用在句中做定、表、賓補(bǔ)和狀語(yǔ)過(guò)去分詞done動(dòng)名詞doinghaving donebeing donehaving been donesbs doing具有名詞的作用在句中做主、賓、定和表語(yǔ)II. 做賓語(yǔ)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞比較：情況常用動(dòng)詞只接不定式做賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞hope, want, offer, long, fail, expect, wish, ask, decide, pretend, manage, agree, afford, determine, promise, happen只接動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)mind, miss, enjoy, imagine, practise, suggest, finish, escape, excuse, appreciate, admit, prevent, keep, dislike, avoid, risk, resist, considercant help, feel like, succeed in, be fond of, object to, get down to, be engaged in, insist on, think of, be proud of, take pride in, set about, be afraid of, be tired of, look forward to, devote oneself to, be worth, be busy, pay attention to, stick to兩者都可以意義基本相同begin, start, like, love, hate, prefer, continue（接不定式多指具體的動(dòng)作，接動(dòng)名詞多指一般或習(xí)慣行為）need, want, require（接動(dòng)名詞主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，若接不定式則應(yīng)用被動(dòng)形式）意義相反stop to do 停止手中事，去做另一件事stop doing 停止正在做的事意義不同remember/forget/regret to do（指動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生）remember/forget/regret doing（指動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生）go on to do（接著做另外一件事）go on doing（接著做同一件事）try to do（設(shè)法，努力去做，盡力）try doing（試試去做，看有何結(jié)果）mean to do（打算做，企圖做）mean doing （意識(shí)是，意味著）cant help to do（不能幫忙做） cant help doing（忍不住要做）III.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的區(qū)別：常見動(dòng)詞與賓語(yǔ)的邏輯關(guān)系及時(shí)間概念例句不定式ask, beg, expect, get, order, tell, want, wish, encourage主謂關(guān)系。強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作將發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成I heard him call me several times.have, notice, see, watch, hear, feel, let, make現(xiàn)在分詞notice, see, watch, hear, find, keep, have, feel主謂關(guān)系。強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，尚未完成I found her listening to the radio.過(guò)去分詞動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成，多強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)We found the village greatly changed.IV. 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞做定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別：區(qū)別舉例不定式與被修飾詞往往有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，一般式表示將來(lái)，進(jìn)行式表示與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，完成式表示在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前發(fā)生I have a lot of papers to type.I have a lot of papers to be typed.動(dòng)名詞通常指被修飾詞的用途，無(wú)邏輯上的任何關(guān)系Shall we go to the swimming pool?現(xiàn)在分詞與被修飾詞之間是主謂關(guān)系，表示動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生the boiling water / the boiled waterthe developing country/the developed countrythe falling leaves / the fallen leaves過(guò)去分詞與被修飾詞之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前，現(xiàn)已經(jīng)完成V. 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞做主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)的區(qū)別：區(qū)別舉例不定式多表示一個(gè)特定的具體的將來(lái)的動(dòng)作，做主語(yǔ)時(shí)可以借助于it把不定式移到句子后面。做表語(yǔ)有時(shí)可和主語(yǔ)交換位置，而且意義不變，并且還能用what來(lái)提問(wèn)主語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。My dream is to become a teacher.To obey the law is important. (dream, business, wish, idea, plan, duty, task做主語(yǔ)時(shí)常用)動(dòng)名詞與不定式的功能區(qū)別不大，然而它更接近于名詞，表示的動(dòng)作比較抽象，或者泛指習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，有時(shí)也可以用it做形式主語(yǔ)，做表語(yǔ)時(shí)可以和主語(yǔ)互換位置。It is no use saying that again and again.Teaching is my job.分詞無(wú)名詞的性質(zhì)，不能做主語(yǔ)。但是有形容詞的性質(zhì)，可以做表語(yǔ)，多表明主語(yǔ)的特征性質(zhì)或者狀態(tài)等，可被very, quite, rather等副詞修飾?，F(xiàn)在分詞多含有“令人”之意，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)特征，多表示主動(dòng)，主語(yǔ)多為物。過(guò)去分詞一般表示被動(dòng)或主語(yǔ)所處的狀態(tài)，含有“感到”之意，主語(yǔ)多是人。The situation is encouraging.The book is well written.(常見分詞有astonishing, moving, tiring, disappointing, puzzling, shocking, boring, amusing及其-ed形式)四. 課后練習(xí)（一）詞匯填空1. John looks _ (sad) because he lost his bike.2. The students got poor marks this time, so their teacher told them to be _ (care) next time.3. Do you know who _ (inventor) the electric light?4. Thank you very much for your _ (kind).5. The _ (young) of the two ladies is our English teacher.6. We hope that the New Year will bring us _ (health).7. The old woman looks much _ (happy) now.8. Chaplin was one of _ (famous) _ (act) in the world.9. Mary used to be a _ (wait) of this restaurant.10. Jacks _ (recite) was the best at yesterdays party.11. She always goes to school _ (hurry).12. Hi, girls, come here to _, there are two _ (sit) here.13. He was a great _ and he _ a lot of famous pictures. (paint)14. My parents usually go _ (shop) on Sundays.15. How many _ (play) are there in a football team?16. You are late. Please come _ (early) next time.17. They go to movies _ (two) a term.18. _ (luck), Ive got a lovely present.19. Look, hes waiting at the gate _ (worry).20. We are _ (real) happy that your family have come.（二）語(yǔ)法練習(xí)1. When he was a boy, he used to go there and watch _.A. to repair bicycles B. bicycles to be repairedC. bicycles being repaired D. repairing bicycles2.- Have you considered _ your job as a teacher?- Yes. I like the job because a teacher is often considered _ a gardener.A. to change; to be B. to change; being C. changing; being D. changing; to be3. The dog, _, will be made a good watchdog.A. to train properly B. being trained properly C. properly to train D. trained properly4. _ the diamond, he had to look for a place to hide it.A. Having stolen B. Having been stolen C. Stolen D. Stealing5. _ the front door _, he had to enter the room through the back door.A. Seen; painted B. Seeing; paintedC. Being seen; being painted D. Seeing; being painted6. And there, almost _ in the big chair, sat her little brother, who never had to be told to keep quiet.A. having lost B. losing C. to be lost D. lost7. He looked around and caught a man _ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting8. To answer correctly is more important than _.A. that you finish quickly B. finishing quickly C. to finish quickly D. finish quickly9. The old farmer, _ the badly injured and burnt soldier, came out of the burning farmhouse, calling continuously for help.A. supporting B. having supported C. being supported by D. being supported10. In January , 2004, the United States successfully launched “Spirit”, a Mars Exploration Rover, _ a new milestone in the history of mankind.A. it marked B. marking C. marked D. to mark11. It was getting dark; I found a car _ in a pool by the side of the road.A. to be stuck B. stuck C. stickingD. stick12. You cant imagine what great trouble they have _ the problem _.A. to solve; being talked about B. solving; discussing C. to solve; to talk about D. solving; being discussed13. The monument was built in honor of the explorer who was believed _ the river.A. to have discovered B. to have been discovered C. to discover D. having been discovered14. The thief fell to the ground, his left foot _ and blood _ down from his mouth.A. breaking; running B. broken; running C. breaking; run D. broken; run15. The program was so exciting that the children kept their eyes _ on the screen.A. to fix B. to be fixed C. fixed D. fixing16. As I will be away for at least a year, Id appreciate _ from you now and then so that I can know how everyone is getting along.A. having heard B. to hear C. hearing D. being heard 17. _, the subject was always in my mind.A. Walking or sleeping B. Walking or slept C. Having walked or slept D. To walk and sleep18. - Did you get a dictionary? - No, I _, but there were not any _.A. tried; to be left B. had tried to; leaving C. tried to; left D. had tried; have left19. When he came to, he found himself _ on a chair, with his hands _ back.A. to sit; tying B. sitting; tying C. seating; tied D. seated; tied20. The joke told by Tom made us _, so the teacher couldnt make himself _.A. to laugh; hearing B. laughing; heard C. laughing; hear D. laughed; heard21. Al