人教版選修八Unit 5 Meeting your ancestors using language課時作業(yè).docx

unit 5 meeting your ancestors using language課時作業(yè)閱讀文章，選擇正確答案，回答問題。 apeople and the sources of air pollution are found in the same places. this means that cities with large populations have the biggest problem of dirty air. air pollution is caused by many different things. a major source of air pollution is the gas fumes from cars. statistics show that 93 percent of all auto trips are within cities. another major source of dirty are is the burning of coal and oil for energy. this energy is needed to make electricity. of course, much more electricity is used in the city than in the country.on the average, we throw away more trash and garbage than the year before. the burning of garbage contributes to air pollution. many major industries are also responsible for the dirty air in the around cities. the fumes from iron, steel, chemical, and petroleum production add particles to the air.the effects of air pollution range from mild headaches to death. the levels of pollution found in heavy for traffic may cause headaches for loss of clear vision. wherever coal and oil are used for fuel, fumes may kill trees and plants and cause metal to corrode. in some of the larger cities, these fumes endanger the life of human beings by contributing to lung diseases and causing early death.1. the key point of the passage is that _.a. the cause of air pollution is peopleb. the causes and the effects of air pollution are both found in citiesc. the effects of air pollution range from headaches to deathd. air pollution is caused by dirty air2. what is the purpose of this passage?a. to persuade people to stop polluting the airb. to tell the causes of air pollutionc. to tell why cities are bad places to lived. to describe why cities are bad places to live3. why is air pollution more grave in the city than in the country?a. because there are larger populations in cities.b. because the air in the city is dirty.c. because there are more cars in the city.d. because there are much more gas fumes from cars and burning of coal and oil for energy in the city than in the country.4. the fumes from coal and oil may cause metal _.a. to turn blackb. to become rustyc. to corroded. to twist5. in larger cities, the fumes from coal and oil may contribute to _.a. heart diseaseb. lung diseasec. loss of clear visiond. serious headache答案：1. b2. a3. d4. c5. bbat present, specialization has become an increasing important factor in a great many careers. you find these careers in engineering, in production, in statistical work, and in teaching. but there is an increasing demand for people who are able to take in a great area at a glance, people who perhaps do not know too much about any one field. there is, in other words, a demand for people who are capable of seeing the forest rather than the trees, of making general judgments. we can call these people “generalists”. and these “generalists” are particularly needed for positions in administration, where it is their job to see that other people do the work, where they have to plan for other people, to organize other peoples work, to begin it and judge it.the specialist understands one field; his concern is with technique and tools. he is a “trained” man; and his educational background is properly technical or professional. the generalists and especially the administrator deal with people; his concern is with leadership, with planning, and with direction giving. he is an “educated” man; and the humanities are his strongest foundation. very rarely is a specialist capable of being an administrator. and very rarely is a good generalist also a good specialist in a particular field. any organization needs both kinds of people, though different organizations need them in different proportions. it is your task to find out, during your training period, into which of the two kinds of jobs you fit, and to plan your career accordingly.your first job may turn out to be the right job for you but this is pure accident. certainly you should not change jobs constantly or people will become suspicious of your ability to hold any job. at the same time, you must not look upon the first job as the final job; it is primarily a training job, an opportunity to understand yourself and your fitness for being an employee.1. there is an increasing demand for _.a. all round people in their own fieldsb. people whose job is to organize other peoples workc. people whose educational background is either technical or professionald. specialists whose chief concern is to provide administrative guidance to others2. the specialist is _.a. a man whose job is to train other people b. a man who has been trained in more than one fieldc. a man who can see the forest rather than the treesd. a man whose concern is mainly with technical or professional matters3. the administrator is _.a. a “trained” man who is more a specialist than a generalistb. a man who sees the trees as well as the forestc. a man who is very strong in the humanitiesd. a man who is an “educated” specialist4. during your training period, it is important _.a. to try to be a generalistb. to choose a profitable jobc. to find an organization which fits youd. to decide whether you are fit to be a specialist or a generalist5. a mans first job _.a. is never the right job for him.b. should not be regarded as his final jobc. should not be changed or people will become suspicious of his ability to hold any jobd. is primarily an opportunity to fit himself for his final job答案：1. b2. d3. c4. d5. dcin some urban centers, work holism is so common that people do not consider it unusual: they accept the lifestyle as normal. government workers in washington d. c., for example, frequently work sixty to seventy hours a week. they dont do this because they have to; they do it because they want to.work holism can be a serious problem. because true workaholics (工作狂) would rather work than do anything else, they probably dont know how to relax.is work holism always dangerous? perhaps not. there are, certainly, people who work well under stress. some studies show that many workaholics have great energy and interest in life. their work is so pleasurable that they are actually very happy. for most workaholics, work and entertainment keep them busy and creative.why do workaholics enjoy their jobs so much? there are several advantages to work. of course, it provides people with paychecks, and this is important. but it offers more than financial security. it provides people with self-confidence; they have a feeling of satisfaction when theyve produced a challenging piece of work and are able to say, “i made that.” psychologists claim that work gives people an identity through participation in work, they get a sense of self and individualism. in addition, most jobs provide people with a socially acceptable way to meet others. perhaps some people are compulsive about their work, but their addiction seems to be a safe-even an advantageous-one.1. the passage indicates that workaholics _.a. just know work but nothing elseb. are willing to work hard for long hours without payc. find their work provide them more satisfaction and self-confidence than how much they are paidd. has the work with more responsibility than others2. one of the reasons that some people are not willing to quit their jobs even in their eighties and nineties is that _.a. they are in the need of financial securityb. they would rather work than be disturbed by d