小學(xué)英語(yǔ)六年級(jí)語(yǔ)法總復(fù)習(xí).doc

小學(xué)英語(yǔ)六年級(jí)語(yǔ)法總復(fù)習(xí) ：時(shí)態(tài)-四種常用時(shí)態(tài)1一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) （1）表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或事情，通常用 “usually, often, every day, sometimes，always,never”等詞。（2）基本結(jié)構(gòu)： I / You / We / They He / She / It 肯定句（Positive） 動(dòng)詞原形（V） 動(dòng)詞第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式（V+S） 否定句(Negative) dont + 動(dòng)詞 doesnt + 動(dòng)詞原形一般疑問(wèn)句(Yes/No) Do ? Yes, I do. Does(動(dòng)詞原形)? No,she doesnt.特殊疑問(wèn)句(wh-) What do ? How does she(動(dòng)詞原形)?(3) 動(dòng)詞第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式a. Most verbs +s walk-walksb. Verbs ending in a consonant +y -y +ies fly-fliesc. Verbs ending in s, sh, ch or x +es watch-watchesd. Others do-does ,have-has, go-goes2現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí),（1）表示正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，通常用“now,look”.（2）基本形式： be + 動(dòng)詞+ing eg: I am(not) doing my homework.You/We/They are(not) reading.He/She/It is(not) eating.What are you doing? Is he reading?（3）動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式（do+ing）Most verbs +ing walkwalkingVerbs ending in e -e + ing comecomingShort verbs ending in a vowel + a consonant Doubleconsonant run-runningswim-swimming3. 一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)（1） 表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情,通常用 “l(fā)ast week, just now, yesterday”等詞。2） be 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式: am/iswas arewere I/He/she/it was(not). You/we/they were.一般疑問(wèn)句was, were 放在句首。 （3）過(guò)去式基本結(jié)構(gòu) 肯定句（Positive） 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式 I went shopping last night. 否定句(Negative) Didnt + 動(dòng)詞原形 I didnt go shopping last night.一般疑問(wèn)句(Yes/No) Did + 動(dòng)詞原形? Did you go shopping last night?特殊疑問(wèn)句(wh-) What did+ 動(dòng)詞原形? What did you do last night?(4)動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式的變化：規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的變化：一般動(dòng)詞 +ed planted,watered,climbed以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾 +d liked輔音字母加y結(jié)尾 -y+ ied studystudied, cry- cried重讀閉音節(jié)單詞，末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母 雙寫(xiě)最后一個(gè)字母+ed stop stopped plan - planned不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的變化：原形 過(guò)去式 原形 過(guò)去式 原形 過(guò)去式 原形 過(guò)去式Sweep swept teach taught have had go wentkeep kept think thought do did find foundsleep slept buy bought eat ate say saidfeel felt drink drank is/am was take tookread read give gave are were mean meantput put sing sang drive drove meet metcut cut begin began speak spoke make made let let ring rang write wrote see sawfly flew run ran ride rode come camedraw drew sit sat hear heard tell toldgrow grew learn learned/ learnt get got know knew4一般將來(lái)時(shí) 一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示將來(lái)打算做的事或?qū)⒁l(fā)生的事情。結(jié)構(gòu)：be going to +動(dòng)詞原形 例如：Im going to visit my grandpa next week. 與這個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)常用： tonight, tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next week, in three hours, two days later 等。 一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)與其它結(jié)構(gòu)表將來(lái)情況的區(qū)別： 一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài) ：主要從時(shí)間的角度表將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況。一般將來(lái)時(shí)除了使用“shallwill + V”以外，也可以使用下列的句式來(lái)表達(dá)。1be going to + V （即將會(huì)；打算將）be going to 結(jié)構(gòu) ：表（主觀上）打算或準(zhǔn)備做某事時(shí)。 表有發(fā)生某事的預(yù)兆時(shí)。 e.g. They are going to have a competition with us in studies. It is going to rain. 據(jù)以上區(qū)別，故下面一句是錯(cuò)的： I am going to be eighteen years old next year. 應(yīng)改為： I shall be eighteen years old next year. be about to do sth 結(jié)構(gòu) ：意為“剛要做某事”、“馬上要做某事”強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間之緊迫性。 e.g. We are about to discuss this problem. 我們將馬上討論這個(gè)問(wèn)題。 be to do sth 結(jié)構(gòu)： 表示按計(jì)劃、安排、規(guī)定將實(shí)施某事或表示注定會(huì)發(fā)生某事。 e.g. When is the train to leave. 小學(xué)英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)練習(xí)題：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的定義：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在或當(dāng)前一般時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作?？梢员硎居杏?jì)劃的未來(lái)。也是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)?，F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的基本用法：A. 表示現(xiàn)在( 指說(shuō)話(huà)人說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)) 正在發(fā)生的事情。例：We are waiting for you.B. 習(xí)慣進(jìn)行：表示長(zhǎng)期的或重復(fù)性的動(dòng)作，說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)動(dòng)作未必正在進(jìn)行。例：Mr. Green is writing another novel. (說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)并未在寫(xiě)，只處于寫(xiě)作的狀態(tài)。)例：She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.C.已經(jīng)確定或安排好的將來(lái)活動(dòng)Im leaving for a trek in Nepal next week.（已經(jīng)安排了）were flying to Paris tomorrow.(票已經(jīng)拿到了）D.有些動(dòng)詞（狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)）1.表示知道或了解的動(dòng)詞:believe,doubt,forget,imagine,know, remember,realize,suppose,understand2.表示“看起來(lái)”“看上去appear,resemble,seem3表示喜愛(ài)或不喜愛(ài)hate,like.lover.prefer4表示構(gòu)成或來(lái)源的動(dòng)詞 be come from.contain,include5表示感官的動(dòng)詞 hear see smell sound taste 6表示擁有的動(dòng)詞belong to.need.own .possess.want wish【No. 1】現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)由be+v-ing構(gòu)成。be應(yīng)為助動(dòng)詞，初學(xué)者最容易漏掉，它應(yīng)與主語(yǔ)的人稱(chēng)和數(shù)保持一致。【No. 2】現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的應(yīng)用 在實(shí)際運(yùn)用時(shí)，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)常用以下幾種情況： (1)當(dāng)句子中有now時(shí)，常表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，這時(shí)要用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。如： They are playing basketball now.現(xiàn)在他們正在打籃球。 (2)以look, listen開(kāi)頭的句子，提示我們動(dòng)作正進(jìn)行，這時(shí)要用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。如： Listen！She is singing an English song.聽(tīng)，她正在唱英語(yǔ)歌。 (3)表示當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，且此時(shí)有this week, these days等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，這時(shí)常用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。如： We are making model planes these days.這些天我們?cè)谧鲲w機(jī)模型。 (4)描述圖片中的人物的動(dòng)作，也為了表達(dá)更生動(dòng)。此時(shí)也常用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。如： Look at the picture. The children are flying kites in the park.看這幅圖，那些孩子正在公園放風(fēng)箏?！綨o. 3】現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的變化 肯定句式：主語(yǔ)+be( am, is, are)+現(xiàn)在分詞+其它. 否定句式：主語(yǔ)+be(am, is, are) +not +現(xiàn)在分詞+其它. 一般疑問(wèn)句：Be(am, is, are) +主語(yǔ)+現(xiàn)在分詞+其它？ 特殊疑問(wèn)句：疑問(wèn)詞+be(am, is, are)+主語(yǔ)+現(xiàn)在分詞+其它？ 對(duì)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的特殊疑問(wèn)句的回答，它不可以用Yes或No直接作答，要根據(jù)實(shí)際情況回答。E. 表示漸