定語從句(關系副詞+介詞+which whom)教師版.doc

定語從句 （教師版）關系副詞when, where, why介詞+whom/which引導的定語從句 一、基本概念 1. 定語從句除可用關系代詞引導外，還可用關系副詞when_, _where_與why來引導。2. 它們的區(qū)別是：when用于指時間_，相當于in/ at/ on/ during which, where用于指地點 ，相當于in/ at/ from which, why用于指原因, 相當于for which。3. 關系副詞在定語從句中代替先行詞作狀_語，不可省略，有時可以用介詞+which 代替。二、基本用法1. 關系副詞when關系副詞和where的先行詞是表示時間(如the day(s), the time, the year等)和地點(如the place, the house, the factory, the station等)的一類詞，而關系副詞why的先行詞通常只是for the reason(s)。另外，when 和where 可引導限制性和非限制性定語從句，而why _則只用于引導限制性定語從句，不用于引導非限制性定語從句。 用適當?shù)年P系副詞填空 I will remember the day when I left my hometown forever. (作時間狀語=on which) This is the place where he works. (作地點_狀語= in which_) He told me the reason why he was late again. (作原因 狀語= for which )2. 注意不要以為在時間名詞后就一定用關系副詞when,在地點名詞后就一定用關系副詞 where,在表示原因的the reason后就一定用關系副詞why。到底選用關系副詞還是關系代詞,關鍵是看它們在定語從句中是用作狀語(用關系副詞 )還是用作主語或賓語(用關系代詞 )。英語中的關系副詞主要是 when, where, why三個。不要想當然地將how用作關系副詞修飾the way。如不說 This is the way how he spoke，可改為This is how he spoke(how引導的是表語從句)，當然也可說成 This is the way in which he spoke. 用適當?shù)年P系副詞或關系代詞填空 Dont forget the time that/ which Ive told you. 不要忘記我告訴你的時間。 Ill never forget the days when/ in which I worked with you. 我永遠不會忘記我與你共事的日子。 He works in a factory that/ which makes radio parts. 他在一家造無線電零件的工廠工作。 He works in the factory where his father worked. 他在他父親工作過的那家工廠工作。 Thats the reason that/ which he explained to us. 那就是他向我們解釋的理由。 Thats the reason why she left home. 那就是她離家出走的原因。3. 介詞+關系代詞的用法 在定語從句中，當關系代詞作動詞短語或介詞的賓語時，為了使關系代詞與先行詞的關系更加緊湊，可以將定語從句中的介詞或動詞短語中的介詞提前放在關系代詞前面?！敖樵~+關系代詞”引導的定語從句, 關系代詞只能用which 和whom , 且_不_省略。介詞主要根據(jù)三個方面來選擇: 一是先行詞與介詞的搭配; 二是定語從句中謂語動詞或形容詞與介詞的搭配; 三是根據(jù)“介詞+關系代詞”在從句中的作用及意義。 試一試 Do you know the man (who/whom/that) Mr. Black talked with just now?=Doyouknowthemanwith whom Mr.Blacktalkedjustnow? He is the man (who/whom/that) we are proud of.=Heisthemanof whom _weareproud.三、在使用“介詞+關系代詞”結構時要注意以下幾個問題：1. 介詞的確定應依據(jù)定語從句中動詞短語的習慣性搭配或介詞與先行詞的搭配，如： Whoisthegirlwithwhomyoujustshookhands? (shakehandswith) Hebuiltatelescopethroughwhichhecouldstudytheskies. (throughthetelescope)2. 有些固定短語中的介詞不能拆開移到關系代詞前。如：listen to, look at, depend on, pay attention to, take care of, look forThisisthewatchwhichyourelookingfor。Heisakindofmanwhomyoucansafelydependon.3. 介詞放在關系代詞之前時，只用which,whom不用that,who。當關系代詞指代人時，用whom，關系代詞指代物時，用which，如：Isthisthepenwithwhichyouwrotetheletter?Hewroteabout20novels,ofwhichthisisthemostsuccessful.ThisisthemanfromwhomIlearntthenews.4. 當先行詞是物時，作定語的引導詞whose+n=the+ n + of which _或of which+ the_+ n. .Helivesintheroomwhose windowfacessouth.= Helivesintheroom the window of which faces south.= Helivesintheroom of which the window faces south.四、解題基本思路1. 首先判斷先行詞的性質(zhì),是表示時間還是表示地點等等;2. 查看先行詞在定語從句中充當何成分；3. 依據(jù)充當主語或者賓語，選擇合適的關系詞。鞏固練習I. 把含有介詞+which/whom的定語從句下劃線并翻譯1. I need a piece of paper on which I can write a letter. 我要一張可寫信的紙。2. Later they may give performances in pubs or clubs, for which they are paid in cash.將以現(xiàn)金支付他們。3. The house in front of which there is a big tree was built more than 1000 years ago.門前有一棵大樹的房子。4. Air, without which man cant live, is really important.5. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, the price of which was very reasonable.II. 用定語從句合并下列句子1.The man is a teacher. I once lived with him.The man with whom I once lived is a teacher.2. The factory was closed. My father had worked in the factory for 20 years.The factory in which my father had worked for 20 years was closed.3. Im looking forward to the days. During the days we will have a good time.Im looking forward to the days during which we will have a good time.4. The village has a big tree. The villagers often have meetings under the tree. The village has a big tree under which the villagers often have meetings.5.A teaching building will be built near the playground. We play basketball on the playground.A teaching building will be built near the playground on which we play basketball.III. 用適當?shù)慕樵~+which/whom填空1. Albert Einstein, for whom life was once hard, didnt care about money.2. The teacher from whom I learnt most was Mrs. Zhu.3. Is that the fish _for which you asked the waiter?4. Last night I had a dream in which I became a Nobel Prize winner.5. Hell never forget the day on which he was admitted to the Olympic Games.6. I was given three books on cooking, the first of which I really enjoyed.7. Is that the girl to whom you lent your bike?.8. The sun gives us heat and light, without which we cant live.9. The student with whom we were talking is the best one in our class.10. The man _with whom you shook hands just now is our headmaster.IV. 句型轉換1. They live in a house, whose windows are made of glass. They live in a house, the window of which are made of glass.2. He has two daughters, and both of them are college students.He has two daughters, both of whom are college students.3. China has hundreds of islands, the largest of which is Tai Wan.China has hundreds of islands, of which the largest is Tai Wan. 4. Can you think of a situation where this word is used?Can you think of a situation in which _this word is used?5. China has a lot of famous writers and Lu Xun is one of them.China has a lot of famous writers, one of whom _is Lu Xun.V. 改錯1. The way in that he learns English is interesting. ( in which )2. The shop that he bought the dictionary is not far away from his school.( in which )3. He always spends the whole day in the shop that he reads English novels.( where )4. I like the way which he speaks English. ( in which/ that / )5. The book of which cover is red is a photo album. ( of which the cover )6. I thanked the man with whom help I found the hospital.(with whose help)7. The WWII in that millions of people were killed ended in 1945.( in which )8. I will never forget the moment which I heard him speaking English. ( at which)9. I found a house the roof had been destroyed. ( +of which/ whose roof)10. This is the reason which his parents gave him the money to buy the book.( why )VI. 完成句子1. The boy will never forget the day on which / when he was left alone at home（他一個人留在家里）. 2. There are two thousand students in our school, two thirds of whom are girls.（其中三分之二是女孩）3. There were about 50 foreign students studying in China, most of whom were Germans. （大多數(shù)人是德國人）. 4. The laboratory in which/where he is working (他在那兒工作的) is well equipped.5. He stood at the window, from where he could see what was happening.（從那兒他能看見正發(fā)生的事）.課堂鞏固：用“介詞+關系代詞”做一、Fill in the blanks with “prep. + which/whom”:1. Are you interested in any songs youve listened to. (that)2. Tomorrow is a particular day _ _ his daughter will get married.( on which) 3. This is the knife _ _ I usually cut bread. ( with which )4. We cant live without the sun _ _ we get heat and light. (from which )5. The subject _ _ Eric is interested is physics. (in which )6. Do you know the girl _ _ our head teacher is shaking hands? ( with whom )7. I cant find my dictionary _ _ I paid over $100. ( for which )8. This is the good car _ _ I spent all my money. (on which )9. She is the teacher _ _all his students show respect. ( for/to whom )10. The teacher _ _ you have been waiting is coming in a minute. (for whom )11. Do you remember the day _ we left you in charge. ( on which )12. I often think of the moment _ I saw the UFO. ( at which )13. I remember the time _ Eric won that speech competition. (at which )14. It rained the whole day _ he travelled with his family ( on which )15. The police searched the house _ the thief had stayed. (in which )16. Mike wants to work in a country _ there are a lot of rainforests.( in which )17. This is not a family _ bad behavior goes unpunished. ( in which )18. The study is the place _ I often have talks with my father. ( in which )19. I wont listen to the reason _ you didnt do your homework. (for which )20. This is the reason _ my parents got home earlier. ( for which )二、Multiple choices:1. Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes _ people were eaten by the tiger. (05廣東) A. in which B. by which C. which D. that2. I have many friends, _ some are businessmen. (05全國) A. of them B. from which C. who of D. of whom3. We saw several natives advanc