八年級上冊英語語法專項.doc

語法專項 一. 動詞動詞是表示動作或處于某種狀態(tài)的詞，它分為行為動詞，系動詞、助動詞和情態(tài)動詞，動詞種類多，變化又復雜，是學習英語的難點之一，下面根據(jù)動詞的特點進行歸類，并提供一些辨別方法，以便于理解和掌握。 1. 行為動詞在動詞中數(shù)量最多，它含有實在的意義（又叫實義動詞），表示動作或狀態(tài)，在句中可以單獨作謂語，行為動詞又分為及物動詞和不及物動詞，及物動詞后面必須加賓語，意義才完整，不及物動詞后面不能直接帶賓語，常需要在賓語前加介詞才能帶賓語。 eg: We study English very hard. She has a book in her hand. The sun rises in the east. 2. 連系動詞本身有一定詞義，但不能獨立作謂語，必須與表語一起構成謂語，常見的連系動詞有：be, look, sound, get, become等。 eg: My parents are both farmers. The milk tastes terrible. The song sounds good. 3. 助動詞本身無詞義，不能獨立作謂語，必須和主要動詞構成謂語，表示疑問，否定，時態(tài)或其它語法形式。常見的助動詞有：be, have, do, will, shall等。 eg: Do you have a brother? Have you got an English-Chinese dictionary? I didnt go to the cinema yesterday. 4. 情態(tài)動詞本身有詞義，但不能獨立作謂語，只能和主要動詞一起構成謂語，表示說話者的語氣和情態(tài)，情態(tài)動詞沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，情態(tài)動詞本身可以構成疑問和否定，常見的情態(tài)動詞有：can, may, must, will, shall, need等。 eg: Can you sing the English song? Everyone must get to school on time. 二. 動詞的時態(tài)：（一）時態(tài)概述：作謂語的動詞用來表示動作（情況）發(fā)生時間的各種形式稱為時態(tài)，英語中的時態(tài)，就是通過特殊的動詞詞尾或加一些相關的助動詞be, have（has）等，用來表示動作或事件發(fā)生的不同時間和方面。 eg: He reads newspapers every day. He read the newspaper yesterday. He is going to read the newspaper tomorrow. （二）一般現(xiàn)在時：1. 動詞變化：一般現(xiàn)在時主要用動詞原形表示，但第三人稱單數(shù)后要加詞尾-s，另外be和have有特殊的人稱形式。 在加詞尾-s時要注意：情況加法例詞一般情況加-sreads, writes, says以ch, sh, s, x, 或o收尾的詞加-esteaches, washes, guesses, fixes, goes以“輔音字母+y”結尾的詞變y為i再加-estrytriescarrycarries讀音：情況讀法例詞在ptkf等清輔音后shelps, hates, asks, laughs在sztd3等音后izfaces, rises, wishes, watches, urges在其他情況下zplans, cries, shows 2. 一般現(xiàn)在時主要表示： （1）經常性或習慣性的動作，常與這樣的時間狀語連用：always, often, usually, sometimes等 eg: We always help each other. It often snows in winter. I get up early every morning. （2）表示主語現(xiàn)在的特征、性格、能力等。 eg: He loves sports. Jane is an outgoing girl. Tom and Tim both have medium height. （3）表示客觀、普遍真理 eg: Two and four makes six. Water boils at 100 The moon moves round the earth. 3. 一般現(xiàn)在時的疑問句一般以在句首加助動詞do，does的方式構成。第三人稱單數(shù)加does，其他加do，這時動詞一概用原形；動詞be只需與主語位置對調就行了。 eg: Do you like English? Do they have story books? What does she do every evening? Is she at home? Are you good at English? 4. 一般現(xiàn)在時的否定式是do not（dont）或does not （doesnt）動詞原形來構成的，be動詞做謂語動詞只需在be后加not構成否定。 eg: I dont like oranges at all. She doesnt work in the TV station. They arent students. Im not busy every weekend. 三. 現(xiàn)在進行時： 1. 動詞變化：現(xiàn)在進行時由“am /is /are動詞現(xiàn)在分詞”構成。加-ing的規(guī)則如下： （1）一般在動詞原形末尾加-ing。如： staystayingdodoing listenlisteningsuffersuffering workworkingspendspending looklooking （2）以不發(fā)音的字母e結尾的動詞，先去掉e，再加-ing。如： makemakingtaketaking givegivingrideriding pleasepleasingrefuserefusing closeclosingoperateoperating （3）以一個輔音字母結尾的重讀閉音節(jié)詞，先雙寫這個輔音字母，再加-ing。如： putputtingsitsitting runrunningwinwinning beginbeginning 2. 現(xiàn)在進行時的用法 （1）表示說話時正在進行或發(fā)生的動作，這時可以不用時間狀語，也可以和now, at present, at the moment等時間狀語連用。有時用一個動詞，如look（看），listen（聽）。 eg: What are you reading now? Listen! Someone is singing in the classroom. （2）表示當前一段時期的活動或現(xiàn)階段正在進行的動作。 eg: They are working in a factory these days. More and more people are giving up smoking. （3）表示最近按計劃或安排要進行的動作。 現(xiàn)在進行時有時可表示一個在最近按計劃或安排要進行的動作，即可以用來代替將來時。 eg: When are you leaving? Are you going to Tibet tomorrow? 3. 現(xiàn)在進行時的否定句和疑問句比較簡單。否定句在be（am, is, are）后面加not；疑問句把be動詞移到主語前。 eg: I am not working. What are you reading now? How are you feeling today? The train isnt arriving soon. 四. 一般過去時： 1. 動詞變化：一般過去時主要表示過去的動作或狀態(tài)，在句中由主語動詞的過去式來表達。構成規(guī)則原形過去式一般在動詞末尾加-edworkplantplayworkedplantedplayed結尾是e的動詞在末尾加-dlikelivechangelikedlivedchanged末尾只有一個輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)詞，先雙寫這個輔音字母，再加-edplan（計劃）stopdropplannedstoppeddropped以輔音字母加y結尾的，先變y為i再加-edcarrystudycrycarriedstudiedcried否定式疑問式否定疑問式簡單回答I did not work. Did I work? Did I not work? Yes, you did. No, you didnt. You did not work. Did you work? Did you not work? Yes, I did. No, I didnt. He / She / It did not work. Did he / she / it work? Did he / she / it not work? Yes, he / she / it /did. No, he /she /it didnt. We did not work. Did we work? Did we not work? Yes, you did. No, you didnt. You did not work. Did you work? Did you not work? Yes, we did. No, we didnt. They did not work. Did they work? Did you they not work? Yes, they did. No, they didnt. 2. 一般過去時的基本用法： （1）帶有確定的過去時間狀語時，要用過去時。（eg: yesterday, last year, just now, two days ago, in the old days等） eg: He left just now. Lei Feng was a good soldier. What did you have for breakfast this morning? （2）表示過去某一段時間內經?；蚍磸桶l(fā)生的動作，這時常和表示頻度的狀語連用。 eg: Last term we often did experiments. He always went to work by bus. 五. be going to 表示一般將來 1. 用法：表示現(xiàn)在打算在最近或將來要做的事，或表示說話人根據(jù)已有的跡象認為很有可能要發(fā)生的事情，be隨著人稱的變化變成（am, is, are） eg: We are going to have a new subject this year. Its going to rain this afternoon. Im going to be a pilot when I grow up. 2. be going to 的否定句在be動詞后加上not；be going to 的疑問句把be動詞移到主語前。 eg: He isnt going to see his brother tomorrow. Im not going to tell you about it. Whos going to use it? Is your sister going to bring your lunch? What are you going to do next Sunday. 【模擬試題】（答題時間：70分鐘）一. 改錯： 例1：The rose dark red. The rose is dark red. 1. He very likes swimming. 2. He can helps you. 3. We havent a good time. 4. What are you do after school every day? 5. Sometimes I listen music. sometimes I play outside. 6. The fish smells not good. 7. We should buy some chicken. There are little left. 8. There have many birds in the sky. 9. My mothers glasses is broken. 10. A pair of shoes are nearly one thousand. 11. What colour are her hair? 12. Does he his homework? 13. A: Do you like your class? B: Yes. I like. 14. He always do his shopping on Friday evening. 15. I very sorry I forgot your birthday. 16. I have no brother and sister. 二. 連詞組句： 1. listen, morning, the, to, I, radio, the, in, often 2. of, men, nurses, good, sick, hospital, care, in, take, the 3. weekdays, he, the, goes, cinema, never, during, the, to 4. computer, got, new, you, a, have? 5. weekends, he, rest, does, a, got, have, on? 6. good, Li Ming, do, and, often, I deeds 7. museum, they, the, often, science, visit, how, do? 8. the, in, any, there, kitchen, food, is? 9. homework, does, day, when, Tom, his, every, where, and, do? 10. a, there, vegetables, many, but, apples, arent, lot, there, of, are, there三. 用括號里的動詞的適當形式填空： 1. There （be）_some glasses on it. 2. He （go）_to the park every day. 3. My uncle （live）_ in Nanjing now. 4. _ Lucy and Lily （like）_China? 5. Li Lei（not like）_ to drink orange soda. 6. The girl （go）_ home at 4:30 in the afternoon. 7. _ Kate （speak）_ French? Yes, she does. 8. Jim （not ride）_his bike often. 9. If he （be）_ free tomorrow, he （go）_ with us. 10. As soon as they （get）_ there next month, he （call）_me. 11. _Li Mings father （have）_ his lunch at home? 12. Tom （not do）_the morning exercises often. 13. I （be）_ hungry and my sister （be）_ thirsty. 14. The baby （have）_ curly hair. 15. Everybody （have）_ a chance to win. 16. I （clean）_ my room once a week. 17. Nobody（tell）_ them anything. 18. There （be）_ a lot of chicken on the plate. 19. Mr. Li （teach）_ the second grade. 20. The boy （watch）_ TV every evening. 21. Mary （play）_the violin quite well. 22. David （study）_Chinese and I （study）_ English. 23. The game （be）_ interesting. 24. Many children （be）_ on the playground. 25. He （have）_ a good time at your party. 26. I （have）_ a new bicycle. 四. 用所給詞的適當形式填空： 1. Tom and his father _（swim）now. 2. Look! They _（run）along the street. 3. We _（practice）hard these days because we will have a big match next month. 4. What _he _（do）at nine oclock last night? 5. They _（listen）to the music at that time. 6. When the headmaster came in, the students_（read）the text. 7. We _（watch）TV when suddenly the telephone rang. 8. She _（make）the paper flowers the whole night. 9. A: _ you _（studying）English? B: Yes, I am. 10. Lets go out. It _（not rain）now. 11. Hurry up! Everybody _（wait）for you. 12. A: _（you / listen）to the radio? B: No, You can turn it off. 13. I _（watch）TV at seven oclock yesterday evening. 14. A: What _（you / look）for? B: I _（look）for my wallet. There is something important in it. 15. Look. It _（rain）hard. Well get wet if we go out. 五. 選詞填空：（一）選詞填空： 1. I _（am, is, was, were）busy last week. 2. Tom and I _（am, are, was, were）late for school yesterday. 3. I _（walk, walks, walked, walking）to school the other day. 4. Rose _（does not, didnt, has been, has to）visit her uncle the month before last（month） 5. There _（is, was, are, were）a lot of people in this village ten years ago. 6. Mother _（am, is, was, were）ill in bed last night. 7. It _（rain, rains, rained, raining）a lot last year. （二）用括號中動詞的適當形式填空： 1. My uncle in London _（send）a birthday present to me yesterday. 2. When _（be）you born? 3. As soon as he arrived in the country, he _（phone）me. 4. When I _（knock）at his door, he was cooking. 5. We were watching TV when the light _（go）out. 6. He said he _（not like）maths at all. （三）用括當?shù)脑~完成下列句子。 1. _you make this cake last night? Yes. I did. I _it for you. 2. Did Tom _ home at five yesterday? No, he _. He came home at six. 3. What _ you _ at the store? I bought a camera. 4. Were you at home yesterday? Yes, I _. 5. Where did you catch the fish? I _ it in the river near my house. 六. 完成下列句子： 1. 你長大了想當什么？我打算當個電腦程序員。 What _ you _ _ _ when you _ _? Im _ to _ a _ _. 2. 你哥哥長大了打算當什么？他打算當個專業(yè)的籃球運動員。 What _ your brother _ _ _ when he _ _? Hes _ to _ a _ _ player. 3. 你打算怎么做？我打算學計算機學。_ are you _ _ _ that? Im _ _ _ computer _. 4. 你哥哥打算怎么做？他打算每天練籃球。 _ is your brother _ _ _? Hes _ _ _ basketball every day. 5. 她打算下學期上一些表演課嗎？是的。 _ she _ _ _ some _ lessons? Yes, she _. 【試題答案】 1. He likes swimming. 2. He can help you. 3. We dont have a good time. 4. What do you do after school every day? 5. Sometimes I listen to music, sometimes I play outside. 6. The fish doesnt smell good. 7. We should buy some chicken. There is little left. 8. There are many birds in the sky. 9. My mothers glasses are broken. 10. A pair of shoes is nearly one thousand. 11. If he doesnt feel well he will go to visit the History Museum. 12. What colour is her hair? 13. Does he do his homework? 14. A: Do you like your class? B: Yes. I do. 15. He always does his shopping on Friday evening. 16. I am sorry I forgot your birthday. 二. 1. I often listen to the radio in the morning. 2. Nurses take good care of sick men in the hospital. 3. He never goes to the cinema during the weekdays. 4. Have you got a new computer? 5. Does he have a rest on weekends? 6. Li Ming and I often do good deeds. 7. How often do you visit the science museum? 8. Is there any food in the kitchen? 9. When and where does Tom do