科技英語翻譯整理.doc

U2PPT “Site” refers to the land and other places on, under or through which the Permanent Works or Temporary Works designed by the Engineer are to be executed. “現(xiàn)場”指工程師設(shè)計(jì)的永久工程或臨時(shí)工程所需的土地和其他場所，包括地面、地下、工程范圍之內(nèi)或途經(jīng)的部分。If we close our eyes, we cannot see anything because our eyelids prevent the rays from entering our eyes. 因?yàn)檠鄄€能阻止光線進(jìn)入眼內(nèi)，所以我們閉上眼睛就什么也看不見了。Traditionally, rural highway location practice has been field oriented, but the modern method is “office” oriented. 傳統(tǒng)上，鄉(xiāng)村公路定線采用現(xiàn)場定線法，而現(xiàn)在的方法則是采用紙上定線或計(jì)算機(jī)定線。In the earlier days of railways, the rules laid down that no train should be allowed to start, even if all signals were clear, until the station master had authorized the guard to give the driver the “right way”.鐵路發(fā)展的早期階段曾規(guī)定，即使所有的信號都已開通，列車也不能發(fā)車，一直要等到站長已授權(quán)站務(wù)員給司機(jī)發(fā)出離站信號。Curved rails offer resistance to the movement of the train. 彎曲的鋼管有礙火車運(yùn)行。 A detailed calculation of utilizing solar ponds for generation of electricity and seawater desalination are presented. 本文對利用太陽能蓄熱發(fā)電及海水淡化提出詳細(xì)計(jì)算。 Such observations as these lead to the discovery that there can be rapid erosion when a metal is nonhomogeneous and when it is in connect with water in which some gaseous, liquid and solid substance is dissolved. 像這樣的一些觀察使人們發(fā)現(xiàn) ， 當(dāng)金屬是非均質(zhì)金屬時(shí)，而且當(dāng)金屬與氣體、液體或固體物質(zhì)的水接觸時(shí)，金屬可能很快生銹。Such a small experiment was designed merely to establish whether the approach was safe. 設(shè)計(jì)這種小型實(shí)驗(yàn)只是為了證實(shí)這一方向是否安全。It has been shown that these specimens can only be preserved if kept at a temperature of 34 C. 已經(jīng)表明，這些標(biāo)本只能保存在34的溫度下才能保存。？A) Gerund,動(dòng)名詞(1) The scientist often does experiments to test and prove an idea before accepting it. 科學(xué)家往往先要通過實(shí)驗(yàn)來驗(yàn)證某種想法的正確性，然后才接受。(2) Before removing the fuses, switch off the main supply. / After switching off the main supply, remove the fuses.在取下保險(xiǎn)絲之前，先切斷主電源。/ 先切斷主電源，再取下保險(xiǎn)絲。B）participle 非謂語動(dòng)詞(1) When the battery is charged, current flows into the battery, as indicated in Fig.2. 正如圖二所示，充電時(shí)電流流入電瓶 (2) The chain reaction, once started, must be controlled so that a steady production of heat energy is maintained. 連鎖反應(yīng)一旦開始就必須加以控制，以便使產(chǎn)生的熱能保持穩(wěn)定。 (3) The part played by civil engineering in pioneering work is of great importance.在開創(chuàng)性工作中土木工程所發(fā)揮了非常重要的作用。 。 (4) In Britain electrical energy generated in power station is fed to the National Grid. 在英國，電站發(fā)出的電力都被輸入國家電網(wǎng)中。 C) Infinitive 不定時(shí)(1) We did the experiment to test and prove this idea.我們做這項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)為的是驗(yàn)證這種想法的正確性。(2) Hydrogen combines with oxygen to form water. 氫與氧化合形成水。(3) The function of a fuse is to protect a circuit. 保險(xiǎn)絲的功用是保護(hù)電路。(4) To destroy this organism it is necessary to heat milk to about 60 c for 15 minutes.為了破壞這個(gè)生物體，有必要將牛奶加熱到6015分鐘。 ？前置修飾語illumination intensity determination 照明強(qiáng)度測定generator power output 發(fā)電機(jī)功率輸出 A portion of the output voltage is returned to the input terminals, a condition referred to as voltage feedback. 一部分輸出電壓被返回到輸入端，這種情況就被稱為電壓反饋?！皐ork” (1) Pushing or pulling, however, does not necessarily mean doing work. 然而，推或拉未必意味著做功。（物理學(xué)）(2) The works of these watches are home-produced and wear well. 這些表的機(jī)件是國產(chǎn)的，耐磨的。（機(jī)械）(3) Temperature required for annealing is a function of two factors,(1) the nature of the material, and (2) the amount of work that has been done prior to annealing. 回火所需溫度隨兩個(gè)因素而變：（1）材料特性；（2）退火前的加工量。（機(jī)械，冶金）(4) The mine has long been worked. 這個(gè)礦已經(jīng)開采很久了。“facility”1. In order to perform an effective audit, the auditor(s) must be familiar with all aspects of a facility operation. 為了進(jìn)行有效的檢驗(yàn)，檢驗(yàn)人員必須熟悉設(shè)備的操作方法 2.Regulations require that any reactive and ignitable waste be stored at least 50 ft. from the facilitys property line. 條例要求，凡是會發(fā)生反應(yīng)和可燃的廢物，應(yīng)存放于離廠家財(cái)產(chǎn)至少50英尺/15.2米地方。3.The site ideally should have sufficient lands to provide a buffer zone between the facility and the public surrounding it. 理想的處理現(xiàn)場應(yīng)該有足夠的土地，以便在設(shè)施及其周圍環(huán)境之間有一緩沖區(qū)。4 Regulation regarding the handling of hazardous wastes have become more stringent and complex. Facilities can no longer ignore their wastes. 處理有害廢物的規(guī)程變得更嚴(yán)格、更復(fù)雜。工廠不能再忽視所產(chǎn)生的廢物。U3 pptEnvironmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is a major source of indoor air pollution. A major point stressed in both the Surgeon Generals Report and the National Academy of Sciences Report is that methods used to determine the exposure of the nonsmoking population to ETS must be improved.香煙造成的環(huán)境煙氣（ETS）是使室內(nèi)空氣污染的主要污染源。來自（美國）軍醫(yī)局局長報(bào)告和國家科學(xué)院的報(bào)告都著重強(qiáng)調(diào)了這一點(diǎn)：傳統(tǒng)的用以確定有多少非吸煙者受到ETS危害的方法必須加以改進(jìn)。In this dissertation, a semi-real time system for monitoring ETS are proposed and compared with other systems. Several new tracers for ETS are proposed. The generalization and decay of ETS in an indoor environmental laboratory is studied. A new technique for analyzing microgram and submicrogram amount of nicotine and cotinine biological fluids is developed. A unique exposure study to ETS is to carry out wherein never-smokers are exposed to ETS. 本文提出了一種監(jiān)控ETS的半實(shí)時(shí)系統(tǒng)并將該系統(tǒng)與其他系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了比較。作者建議使用一些新的跟蹤器對ETS進(jìn)行監(jiān)控并對ETS在室內(nèi)環(huán)境實(shí)驗(yàn)室的一般情況及衰減問題作了研究。作者研制了一項(xiàng)新技術(shù)分析尼古丁和可鐵寧的生物液微克和亞微克量。并將對ETS進(jìn)行一項(xiàng)獨(dú)特的暴露研究，讓非吸煙者置于ETS環(huán)境進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)。Much evidence has accumulated that fine particulate matter in the atmosphere affects human health and atmospheric properties. To monitor airborne particles, it is necessary to separate various particle sizes in the atmosphere and to determine particles, it is necessary to separate various particle sizes in the atmosphere and to determine the chemical compositions of the particles.現(xiàn)今也已累積的大量證據(jù)表明，大氣層中的微粒影響人類健康和大氣的性質(zhì)。為了監(jiān)控空中的微粒，很有必要將大氣層中各種微粒的大小分開，并確定其化學(xué)成分。A new high flow rate, multichannel parallel plate denudsampling system has been developed which is capable of determining the particle size distributions and the semi-volatile organic compounds which can be lost from particles during sampling. 以研制出一種新的高流速率，多通道平行盤溶蝕器取樣系統(tǒng)，它能確定微粒大小的分布，以及在取樣期間從微粒失去的具有半揮發(fā)性的有機(jī)混合物。Abstract: For the high-tech corporation, core competence is the important invisible resources, the source of long-term competitive superiority and the base of diversification. This paper expounds the strategic significance of high-tech corporation core competence, analyses the reasons why the core competence becomes weak and is lost and puts forward several measures to protect high-tech corporation core competence. Key words: high-tech Corporation; Corporation Core Competence; protect 核心競爭是高新技術(shù)企業(yè)重要的無形資源，是高新技術(shù)企業(yè)長期競爭優(yōu)勢的源泉，也是高新技術(shù)企業(yè)多元化經(jīng)營的基礎(chǔ)。文章闡述了高新技術(shù)企業(yè)核心競爭力的內(nèi)涵及戰(zhàn)略意義，剖析了高新技術(shù)企業(yè)核心競爭力弱化與喪失的原因。 提出了保護(hù)核心競爭力的一些措施。關(guān)鍵詞：高新技術(shù)企業(yè)；核心競爭力；保護(hù)摘自 武漢理工大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)（社會科學(xué)版） 2001年第8期 A method to calculate the vector theta(電壓矢量)between stator voltage and rotor current under synchronous rotating axis is provided. Different realization methods such as simulation model under Matlab, controller programming and programming under Labview are compared, the consistency between simulation and experiment result confirms the availability of the proposed method. The system can be used to test the correction of detection part of the control system. Key words: Doubly Fed Motor, Vector Theta, Labview給出了雙饋電機(jī)異步運(yùn)行狀態(tài)時(shí)在同步旋轉(zhuǎn)坐標(biāo)系下轉(zhuǎn)子電流矢量和定子電壓矢量之間差角的計(jì)算方法，比較了在Matlab仿真中實(shí)現(xiàn)，控制器程序?qū)崿F(xiàn)和Labview實(shí)現(xiàn)方式之間的差別，仿真和實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果一致表明，所采用的計(jì)算方法得到的矢量角度穩(wěn)定，可以對控制系統(tǒng)中的檢測部分的正確性做出判斷。 【關(guān)鍵詞】 雙饋電機(jī)；矢量角； Labview The achievement evaluation index system was established according to scientific principles. An evaluation model based on multi-objective multi-person decision was proposed. Fuzzy Mathematics and Genetic Algorithm were integrated to solve the problem that qualitative indexes and quantitative indexes are hard to measure and the problem that decision-makers preference is unknown effectively. The empirical analysis result indicates the scientific nature and practicability of the proposed model. Key words: multi-objective; consistent measurement; achievement evaluation 依據(jù)科學(xué)評價(jià)的原則，建立了軍工企業(yè)績效評價(jià)指標(biāo)體系，提出了一種基于多目標(biāo)多人決策的績效評價(jià)模型，它綜合集成了模糊數(shù)學(xué)和決策理論，有效解決了績效評價(jià)中定性指標(biāo)和定量指標(biāo)難以量化和決策者偏好未知的問題。應(yīng)用上述模型進(jìn)行了實(shí)例分析，結(jié)果驗(yàn)證了該模型的科學(xué)性和實(shí)用性。 【關(guān)鍵詞】 多目標(biāo)決策； 一致性度量； 績效評價(jià)Based on the first -hand examples from English news publications, this paper centers on the analysis of writing skills in disaster news coverage in English news publications. It adopts the view that English disaster news coverage, though falling into the broad category of journalistic English; stands out for its distinctive style in terms of headline making, lead writing, wording and phrasing. The probe into its writing skills is conducive to the comprehension and coverage of English disaster news. 本文借助英語報(bào)刊實(shí)例等第一手資料，集中分析了英語報(bào)刊災(zāi)禍新聞的寫作特點(diǎn)。文章認(rèn)為，英語災(zāi)禍新聞在寫作上既有新聞?dòng)⒄Z的一般特點(diǎn)，又在標(biāo)題制作、導(dǎo)語寫作和遣詞造句等方面有其獨(dú)到之處，使之形成了一種特殊的文體風(fēng)格。分析研究其寫作手法有助于積極有效地看懂或?qū)懞糜⒄Z災(zāi)禍新聞。 Existing principles of translation are rarely applicable to Chinese English business translation. All too often, therefore, business translation indispensable to Chinas economic development-has hardly any principles to follow. This article takes the lead in addressing this problem. With examples taken from Chinese English business translation, the author puts forward the view that the major principles of business translation should be “faithfulness, exactness, and consistency”. In explicating this point, the author stresses that the special features of business English account for the variability of translation principles.現(xiàn)有的翻譯原則難以適應(yīng)于商貿(mào)漢英翻譯，使事關(guān)重大的中國商貿(mào)翻譯經(jīng)常無章可循。 本文通過對商貿(mào)漢英翻譯事例的分析，率先提出翻譯應(yīng)遵循“忠實(shí)，準(zhǔn)確，統(tǒng)一的原則，闡述了這一原則的實(shí)質(zhì)，強(qiáng)調(diào)商貿(mào)英語的語言特點(diǎn)決定了翻譯原則的變異。關(guān)鍵詞：商貿(mào) 翻譯原則 探索 運(yùn)用 三大行業(yè)： Review and Perspective of Ships Wind Load Abstract：It is of great significance for the study of wind resistance in the navigation safety and energy saving and emission reduction, as wind load is a part of sailing environmental loads. Combined with the three methods for the research of wind resistance, such as field measurement, wind tunnel experiment and numerical analysis, the advances in wind load is discussed from the direction of the wind load calculation and optimization of resistance reduction of the ship. Then, based on the existing research achievement and developing trend of the ships wind load, the prospect of wind resistance in shipping industry application has been forecasted.船舶風(fēng)載荷研究進(jìn)展及發(fā)展趨勢摘要：風(fēng)載荷是船舶航行中環(huán)境載荷的一個(gè)組成部分，風(fēng)載荷研究對船舶航行安全及節(jié)能減排具有重要意義。結(jié)合船舶風(fēng)載荷研究中現(xiàn)場實(shí)測、風(fēng)洞實(shí)驗(yàn)和數(shù)值分析三種方法，從船舶風(fēng)載荷計(jì)算和船舶優(yōu)化減阻二大方向?qū)︼L(fēng)載荷的研究進(jìn)展進(jìn)行論述，最后，結(jié)合船舶在風(fēng)載荷方面的現(xiàn)有研究成果及發(fā)展趨勢，對風(fēng)阻研究工作在船舶行業(yè)的應(yīng)用前景進(jìn)行了展望。Abstract: As a new energy conservation and green vehicle, Electric Vehicle (EV) is suffering from the limited driving range and restricted number of charging stations, locations of charging stations need a reasonable layout. An EV charging station location model based on commuting behavior is presented in this study, considering both the distribution of the remaining fuel range of EVs and travelers degree of range anxiety. Solution algorithm is also given and model validation is tested through a numerical road network. Result shows that the calculated setting nodes of charging stations are relatively concentrated, that is, the model has a virtue of strong stability. The model can effectively avoid the failure of return trip case in spite of increasing the network total travel time. Travelers range anxiety degree has significant effect on charging station location and the network total travel time. 基于通勤行為的電動(dòng)汽車充電站選址模型摘要：電動(dòng)汽車是一種新型節(jié)能減排的交通工具，由于其受行駛里程以及有限的充電設(shè)施的限制，需要合理設(shè)置充電站位置。文中提出了一種基于通勤行為的電動(dòng)汽車充電站選址模型，該模型考慮了電動(dòng)汽車初始電量的分布和出行者的里程焦慮程度。同時(shí)還給出了模型求解算法，并通過算例路網(wǎng)驗(yàn)證了模型的有效性。研究結(jié)果表明：由模型求得充電站設(shè)置節(jié)點(diǎn)較為集中，即該模型有較強(qiáng)的穩(wěn)定性；基于往返出行鏈的電動(dòng)汽車充電站選址模型雖然會增大路網(wǎng)總出行時(shí)間，但是可以有效避免返程出行失敗的情況；出行者的里程焦慮程度對充電站選址影響較大，且對路網(wǎng)總出行時(shí)間存在明顯的影響。 U5 contract Neither of the parties hereto shall at any time during the continuance hereof deal with any of the shares of the joint Company owned by it whether by sale, pledge , gift or otherwise in any manner inconsistent with the carrying out of its obligations hereunder. 本協(xié)議任何一方都不得在本協(xié)議有效期間，采用出售，抵押，贈送或其他與履行其本協(xié)議規(guī)定的義務(wù)不相一致的方式處理其擁有的合營公司的人和股份。Assignment for Unit 1. 2017.9.151. 翻譯下列句子，注意選詞用字（Diction）。1) The lathe should be set on the base.車床應(yīng)安裝在堅(jiān)實(shí)的底座上（機(jī)械）2) As we all know, a base reacts with an acid to form a salt.眾所周知，堿與酸反應(yīng)生成鹽（化學(xué)）3) A transistor has three electrodes, the emitter, the base and the collector.晶體管有三個(gè)電級，即發(fā)射極，基級和集電極（電子）4) He is on the second base.他在二壘（體育）5) There was a cycle path running along this side of the wall, right at itsbase. 在墻的這邊，沿著墻根有一條自行車道。2.翻譯下列句子，注意譯文的忠實(shí)準(zhǔn)確、通順流暢和專業(yè)術(shù)語的規(guī)范1) Anyone who has ever ridden on a railroad knows how rapidly another train flashes by when it is traveling in the opposite direction and conversely how it may look almost motionless when it is moving in the same direction.坐過火車的人都知道：當(dāng)另一列火車從相反方向駛過來時(shí)，瞬間即飛馳而過；相反，當(dāng)另一列火車同向行駛時(shí)，看起來幾乎就像沒有開動(dòng)一樣。2) Electronic computers, which make it possible to free man from the labor of complex measurements and computations, have wide application in engineering.電子計(jì)算機(jī)已廣泛應(yīng)用于工程技術(shù)，它使人類擺脫復(fù)雜的測量和計(jì)算工作成為可能。3) A car engine started from cold takes time to warm up and to reach its correct operating temperature. The quicker it reaches that temperature the sooner it begins operating at its most efficient.啟動(dòng)汽車發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)從預(yù)熱到達(dá)到合適的工作溫度很費(fèi)時(shí)間。達(dá)到這個(gè)溫度的時(shí)間越短，發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)就能越快開始有效運(yùn)行。4) A computer is made of millions of electronic devices that can store the data or switch them through complex circuits with different functions at incredible speeds.計(jì)算機(jī)由成千上萬個(gè)電子裝置組成，通過不同功能的復(fù)雜電路以令人難以置信的速度儲存或轉(zhuǎn)換數(shù)據(jù)。5) Where base metals are deposited, either in veins or as scattered mineral grains, minor amounts of gold are usually deposited with them.蘊(yùn)藏賤/堿金屬的地方，無論是礦脈還是散布的礦砂，一般都有少量的金與之共存。摘要翻譯成英文：歧義結(jié)構(gòu)的化解與翻譯語言的歧義現(xiàn)象已引起廣泛的關(guān)注。但歧義結(jié)構(gòu)的化解與翻譯仍無定法。本文就英漢語中歧義結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行分析和總結(jié)。根據(jù)歧義產(chǎn)生的不同原因?qū)⑵錃w結(jié)為五個(gè)方面，并嘗試從語義和語用的角度提出一些化解方法和英漢翻譯方法。關(guān)鍵詞：歧義結(jié)構(gòu)；化解；翻譯；方法Key words：ambiguous structures； decoding, translating, methodsChapter 5 Contracts and Agreements將下列合同翻譯成中文，注意語言的簡潔、清楚、明確及規(guī)范。 6. Mid-term Termination of the Contract: Neither party shall terminate this contract without reasonable cause