英語四級備考資料.doc

英語四級備考一、常用短語aseriesof一系列,一連串 aboveall首先,尤其是 afterall畢竟,究竟 aheadof在.之前 aheadoftime提前 allatonce突然,同時allbut幾乎;除了.都 allofasudden突然allover遍及 alloveragain再一次,重新allthetime一直,始終 allthesame仍然,照樣的asregards關于,至于 anythingbut根本不asamatteroffact實際上 apartfrom除.外(有/無)asarule通常,照例 asaresult (of)因此,由于asfaras.beconcerned就.而言 asfaras遠至,到.程度asfor至于,關于 asfollows如下asif好像,仿佛asgoodas和.幾乎一樣asusual像平常一樣,照例 asto至于,關于allright令人滿意的;可以 aswell同樣,也,還asidefrom除.外(還有)ataloss茫然,不知所措 atatime一次,每次atall絲毫(不),一點也不 atallcosts不惜一切代價atallevents不管怎樣,無論如何 atalltimes隨時,總是atanyrate無論如何,至少 atbest充其量,至多atfirstsight乍一看,初看起來athand在手邊,在附近 atheart內心里,本質上atintervals不時,每隔.atlarge大多數,未被捕獲的 atleast至少atlast終于 atlength最終,終于atmost至多,不超過 atnotime從不,決不byaccident偶然 atonetime曾經,一度;同時atpresent目前,現在 atsbsdisposal任.處理atthecostof以.為代價 atthemercyof任憑.擺布atthemoment此刻,目前 attimes有時,間或beforelong不久以后 besidepoint離題的,不相干的beyondquestion毫無疑問 byair通過航空途徑byallmeans盡一切辦法,務必 byandby不久,遲早bychance偶然,碰巧 byfar最,.得多byhand用手,用體力 byitself自動地,獨自地bymeansof用,依靠 bymistake錯誤地,無意地bynomeans決不,并沒有 byoneself單獨地,獨自地 bytheway順便說說 bywayof經由,通過.方法dueto由于,因為 eachother互相evenif/though即使,雖然 everso非常,極其everynowandthen時而,偶爾 everyother每隔一個的exceptfor除了.外 facetoface面對面地farfrom遠非,遠離 forever永遠forgood永久地 forthebetter好轉forthemoment暫時,目前 forthepresent暫時,目前forthetimebeing暫時,眼下fromtimetotime有時,不時 headon迎面地,正面的 heartandsoul全心全意地howabout.怎么樣 inahurry匆忙,急于incaseof假如,防備 inamoment立刻,一會兒inasense從某種意義上說 inaway在某種程度上inaword簡言之,總之 inaccordancewith與.一致,按照inaddition另外,加之 inadditionto除.之外(還)inadvance預先,事先 inall總共,合計inanycase無論如何 inbrief簡單地說 inchargeof負責,總管incommon共用的,共有的 inconsequence(of)因此;由于indebt欠債,欠情 indetail詳細地indifficulty處境困難 ineffect實際上,事實上ingeneral一般來說,大體上 infavorof支持,贊成infrontof面對,在.前 inhand在進行中,待辦理 inhonorof為慶祝,為紀念initself本質上,就其本身而言 inmemoryof紀念 innocase決不innotime立即,馬上 innoway決不inorder按順序,按次序 inotherwords換句話說inpart部分地 inparticular特別,尤其inperson親自,本人 inplace在合適的位置inplaceof代替,取代,交換 inpractice在實踐中,實際上inproportionto與.成比例 inpublic公開地,當眾inquantity大量 inquestion正在談論的inregardto關于,至于 inrelationto關于,涉及inreturn作為報答/回報/交換 inreturnfor作為對.報答inshort簡言之,總之 insight被見到;在望inspiteof盡管 instepwith與.一致/協(xié)調 intears流著淚,在哭著inthecourseof在.期間/過程中 inthedistance在遠處intheeventof如果.發(fā)生,萬一inthefaceof即使;在.面前 inthefirstplace首先inthefuture在未來 intheleast絲毫,一點in(the)lightof鑒于,由于 intime及時intouch聯系,接觸 inturn依次,輪流;轉而invain徒勞,白費力 insteadof代替,而不是justnow眼下;剛才 littlebylittle逐漸地lotsof許多 manya許多moreorless或多或少,有點 nextdoor隔壁的,在隔壁nodoubt無疑地 nolessthan不少于.;不亞于.nolonger不再 nomore不再nomorethan至多,同.一樣不 noneotherthan不是別的,正是ononesguard警惕,提防 nothingbut只有,只不過nowandthen時而,偶爾 offandon斷斷續(xù)續(xù),間歇地offduty下班 onalarge/smallscale大/小規(guī)模地onaccountof由于 on(an/the)average平均,通常onbehalfof代表 onboard在船(車/飛機)上onbusiness因公 onconditionthat如果onduty上班,值班 onearth究竟,到底onfire起火著火 onguard站崗,值班 onhand在場,在手邊onoccasion(s)有時,間或 ononesown獨立,獨自onpurpose故意地 onsale出售,廉價出售onschedule按時間表,準時 onsecondthoughts經重新考慮onthecontrary正相反 onthegroundsof根據,以.為由on(the)onehand一方面 ontheotherhand另一方面onthepointof即將.的時刻 ontheroad在旅途中ontheside作為兼職/副業(yè) onthespot在場;馬上onthewhole總的來說,大體上 ontime準時onceagain再一次 once(and)forall一勞永逸地onceinawhile偶爾 oncemore再一次onceuponatime從前 oneanother相互 orelse否則,要不然 orso大約,左右otherthan非;除了 outof從.中;由于;缺乏outofbreath喘不過氣來 outofcontrol失去控制outofdate過時的 outofdoors在戶外outoforder出故障的 outofplace不適當的outofsight看不見,在視野外outofthequestion毫無可能的 overandover(again)一再地,再三地 quiteafew相當多,不少 ratherthan不是.(而是)regardlessof不顧,不惜 rightaway立即,馬上sidebyside肩并肩,一起 sofar迄今為止soonerorlater遲早,早晚 stepbystep逐步地suchas例如,諸如 thanksto由于,多虧thatis(tosay)就是說,即 tothepoint切中要害,切題undercontrol處于控制之下 underthecircumstances這種情況下uptodate在進行中 upto多達;直到;勝任;取決于whatif切合目前情況的 whatabout怎么樣withrespectto如果.將怎么樣 withregardto關于,至于withoutquestion關于,至于, withtheexceptionof除.之外withoutquestion毫無疑問 wordforword逐字的 二、英語作文（一）、英語作文常用句子1、 Recently, the problem of has aroused peoples concern. 最近,問題已引起人們的關注。 Nowadays, (overpopulation) has become a problem we have to face. 如今,(人口過剩)已成為我們不得不面對的問題了.2、Internet has been playing an increasingly important role in our d ay-to-day life. It has brought a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.互聯網已在我們的生活中扮演著越來越重要的角色.它給我們帶來了許多好處,但 也產生了一些嚴重的問題.3、It is commonly believed that / It is a common belief that 人們一般認為。 Many people insist that 很多人堅持認為 。 With the development of science and technology, more and more people believe that 隨著科技的發(fā)展,越來越多的人認為 。 A lot of people seem to think that 很多人似乎認為4、引出不同觀點: Peoples views on vary from person to person. Some hold that . However, others believe that. 人們對的觀點因人而異.有些人認為 然而其他人卻認為。 People may have different opinions on 人們對可能會有不同的見解。 There are different opinions among people as to 關于人們的觀點大不相同。 Different people hold different attitudes toward (failure). 對(失敗)人們的態(tài)度各不相同。5、用于駁斥的比較的常用句型： （1）In general， I dont agree with. （2）In my opinion， this point of view doesnt hold water. （3）The chief reason why.， is that. （4）There is no doubt that. （5） It is not true that. （6）It can be easily denied that. （7）We have no reason to believe that. （8）What is more serious is that. （9）But it is a pity that. （10）Besides，we should not neglect that. （11）But the problem is not so simple. Therefore. （12）Others may find this to be true， but I believe that. （13）Perhaps I will question why. （14）There is a certain amount of truth in this， but we still have a problem with regard to. 6、表達不確定的用詞： （1）May, seem, be likely to, possible, probably, perhaps, be said that, be said to. （2）in my mind, the following factors/reasons/causes need to be taken into consideration.我認為，我們需要考慮下列因素/原因 （3）There are several reasons for this phenomenon non/why.(as follows). 造成這種現象的原因如下 （4）And I would like to present two explanations for this 對于此，我有如下兩點愚見 （5）The reasons are chiefly as follows主要原因如下 （6）There are numerous reasons why , and I would like to explore a few of the most important ones here. 為什么，原因很多，在此列舉幾個較為重要的原因The reasons are presented below. 原因如下 （7）There are three premier(主要的)/best/ most important, largest, significant, obvious , crucial causes as follows. 以下這些是造成這一問題的最主要/最好/最重要/最大/最有意義/明顯/至關重 要的原因 （8）This is based on the propensity(傾向，原因) of following points. 這基于以下的原因 （9）The reasons are quite clear. Above all, . 原因非常清楚。首先(首要的是) （10）The first and most important reason is that . 第一個而且最重要的原因是 （11）Perhaps this is because of the simple fact that. 也許，原因很簡單，亦即 （12）One of the premier causes is that(注意用詞) 最重要的原因之一便是 （13）We may look into every possible reason, however, first reason for . Is . 其實有很多原因，不過，造成的最重要的原因是 （14）It might also be noted that. 需要注意的是 （15） What is also worth noticing is that. 值得一提的是 （16）A more essential factor why. Is that 的更為重要的原因是 （17） A further reason why, is that. 的更深層次的原因是。7、 In addition.此外，再者 Moving on to wider themes展開來說 Likewise(同樣),common sense tells us that. 同樣，_，這是眾所周知的 The third but very important reason is that. 第三個(盡管不是很重要)原因是_ Finally, moreover, last but not least, furthermore. 8、 As the proverb goes: every coin has its two sides, .is no exception. 俗語有云：“萬事萬物都有兩面性?！?_也不例外 Everything has a good side and a bad side, and .is no exception. 萬事萬物有其兩面性，而_也是如此 plays such an important role that it undeniably becomes the biggest concern of the present world. _尤為重要而引起當今社會的關注 There comes a question: is it a blessing or a curse. 問題是：_是福是禍? There is no denying that everything has one more face and . is no exception. 不可否認，每一件事物都有其兩面性，其實，_也不例外 .undoubtedly plays an increasing significant role in modern life. 不容置疑，_在現代生活中不斷顯示出起重要性 With the development of the society, . is increasingly important. 隨著社會的發(fā)展，_變得越來越重要 The merits of this is obvious. 其好處顯而易見。 As we know, . bring many benefits and convenience to people. 眾所周知，_ 為我們的生活帶來很多好處。 9、However, with the advance of the human civilization, there is an increasing number of people who have raised doubts about whether. 然而，隨著人類文明的進步，越來越多的人開始置疑是否_。 Some people deem it is a dangerous signal and call for public awareness of the negative effects it has brought about. 有些人認為這是一種危險的信號，因此需關注其給社會帶來的負面影響。 Despite its merits, it also brings some problems to solve. 盡管其也有很多優(yōu)點，不過，也給我們帶來一些問題。 But its bright side should not keep us from examining its dark side. 但是，我們不能因為這些優(yōu)點而忽略了其缺點。 As far as I am concerned, its disadvantages outweigh its disadvantages. 我認為，其優(yōu)勢勝于劣勢。 總的說來：In general, all in all, on the whole , in brief, in summary, in conclusion, in short, in a word , to sum up, to conclude, to summarize,. But all in all, I would say the advantages outweigh the disadvantages. With the advance of society, if we encourage the merits and eliminate the drawbacks, all people will enjoy a better life. 但是，總的說來，我認為其優(yōu)勢大于劣勢。隨著社會的發(fā)展，如果我們能對此善加利用，所有的人都能生活得更好。 From what has been discussed above, we may finally draw the conclusion that. 通過以上的討論，我們可以得出如下結論，_。 So, as I see it. 因此，我個人認為，_。 What we must do is to encourage the strength and diminish the weaknesses to the least extent. 我們必須盡可能發(fā)揮其優(yōu)勢，趨吉避兇。 10、“比如”的表達方式： For example, For instance, It can be given a concrete example, Take . for an example, it is a very obvious case There is one impressive example I want to mention here. Lets see an example. I will never forget that To illustrate this, there is an example that is very persuasive. 二、作文模板模板一：Social Practice.a) 社會實踐的作用 b) 可能產生的問題 c) 提出建議 【范文】Social Practice Social practice has been more and more popular in universities and colleges. Students are asked to enter society and get some idea of it. Surely social practice has many advantages. Firstly, social practice can offer students a chance to contact society and meet different kinds of people. In this way students can gain some valuable social experience, which will be useful to their future career. Secondly, students can apply what they have learned in class to practical work, thus knowing themselves more clearly. Thirdly, social practice can bring them some financial reward and make them more independent of their family. However, some problems may arise if no correct guidance is made. For example, some students get overly interested in social practice and want to work full-time and earn money, thus neglecting(忽視) their studies. And some students are likely to get in touch with the dark side of society, which will affect their future studies. In order to carry out social practice smoothly, students should first know its objective. They should put their studies in the first place and see social practice just as a useful supplement, so they ought to try to strike a balance between social practice and their studies.模板二 :網絡課程教學【范文】Will Network Classrooms Replace Traditional Classrooms? With the popularization of the Internet, network classrooms are gaining more and more popularity. As a new teaching pattern(模式), network classrooms have become an effective complement(補充) to traditional classrooms. So some people propose(提出) one question: will network classrooms replace traditional classrooms? As to this question, the opinions vary from one to another. Some people think it quite possible for network classrooms to take the place of traditional classrooms. First, network classrooms neednt have face-to-face communication and are not limited by time and place, which facilitate(促進) both teachers and students. Secondly, network classrooms release(解除) teachers from repeating the same contents(內容) since the video or audio material can be played time and again. However, many people have opposite(相反的) stand points. They say that with online courses, students lack direct(直接的) communications with teachers and their confusion cannot be solved instantly(立刻). In addition, the computer system cannot be guaranteed(保證) to work stably(穩(wěn)定) all the time. Personally, both network classrooms and traditional classrooms are necessary for students. If traditional teaching patterns and the modern ones like network classrooms can be combined together, more fruitful (豐富的)education is sure to be realized.模板三:低碳生活Low-carbon Lifestyle【范文】 With the advent of the global environmental protection campaign, “l(fā)ow-carbon” has become an increasingly popular expression, a catch phrase, among the environmentally-conscious people. White-collar(白領) workers pride themselves on going to offices on bicycles, on foot, or even on roller skates instead of being “the men behind the wheel”. Housewives save water after washing vegetables or clothes for flushing the toilet. Everybody seems to be an environmental activist nowadays. By “l(fā)ow-carbon lifestyle”, we refer to a pattern of life involving minimum emission of carbon dioxide (CO2), the most important greenhouse gas produced by human activities, primarily through the combustion of fossil fuels. Carbon dioxide is detrimental to human, animal and plant life because it is the primary contributor to global warming that threatens to raise the sea level, leading to the extinction of animals and plants, and ultimately to that of human beings. There is only one Mother Earth for human beings and, literally speaking, preserving the Earth means preserving humanity itself. The pursuit of a low-carbon lifestyle seems to be a vogue to many people but, in essence, it is a long-term necessity. As college students, there are many ways we can become involved in low-carbon endeavors. We can conserve water, recycle our textbooks, and turn off lights on leaving our classrooms. We can resort to public transportations like buses and subways instead of taxis or private cars. Most importantly, we should reduce the use of computers by rejecting meaningless computer games. Even as students, we have a whole range of channels to pursue a low-carbon lifestyle that is beneficial to ourselves and to humanity as a whole. 【參考譯文】低碳生活方式 隨著全球性環(huán)保運動的出現，“低碳”一詞在那些有著環(huán)保意識的人們中間，已成為一個日趨流行的語匯，或曰“口頭禪”。白領員工們對于騎車上班、步行上班、甚至滑著輪滑上班倍感驕傲，而不必再做那所謂的“呆坐在駕駛舵后面的有車一族”。家庭主婦們也樂此不疲地在洗衣或洗菜之后，將水保存起來，用以沖廁。當下，每個人似乎都成為了環(huán)保積極分子。 所謂“低碳生活方式”， 是指一種僅涉及最低限度二氧化碳排放的生活模式。二氧化碳是人類活動 （主要經由化石燃料的燃燒）所產生的最主要的溫室氣體。二氧化碳之所以對人類、動物和植物的生命有害，因為它是全球暖化的主要推手，威脅著致使海平面上升，導致動植物滅絕，并最終導致人類本身的滅絕。對于人類而言，只有一個地球母親，因此，就事論事地講，保護地球亦即意味著保護人類自身。 追求低碳的生活方式，對許多人而言似乎是種時尚，但本質而言，它卻是一項長期的必然。作為大學生，我們有多種多樣的方式來投身于低碳事業(yè)。我們可以節(jié)約用水，循環(huán)利用教科書，離開教室時隨手關燈。我們在出行時可利用公交車或地鐵等公共交通，而放棄出租車或私家車。最重要的是，我們可以通過摒棄那些無聊的電子游戲而減少對電腦的使用。即使作為學生，我們有一系列廣泛的渠道，來追求低碳的生活方式，既有益于我們自己，亦有益于全人類。 模板四：大學生學費來源【范文】 University education plays an important role in a persons career since it offers people more opportunities. With the rising of universitys tuition(學費), hot discussions have arisen about who should pay the universitys tuition. Some say students should pay fees by themselves as they pay for their own life. Some think that tuition fees should be paid by their parents because that amount of money is beyond students ability. As far as I am concerned(擔心的), I think parents should pay part of the fees whileuniversity students bear(負擔) the rest part. It is true that trying to make money will affect university students studies. But doing part-time jobs will help them gain working experience, learn more of society as well as realize the importance of saving money. Most importantly, it helps to lighten(弄明白) financial(財政的) burdens of parents. 【點評】 文章第一段開門見山，指出關于誰支付大學學費的不同意見。第二段說明自己的觀點-希望父母和孩子共同承擔學費，這樣有助于減輕家庭負擔，學生也有機會通過社會實踐獲取更多社會經驗。 第一段中With the rising of universitys tuition意為“隨著大學學費的上漲”；be beyond one s ability意為“超出某人的能力范圍”。第二段中gain working experience意為 “獲取社會經驗”；lighten financial burdens意為“減輕經濟負擔”模板五：倡議書A Letter of Appeal【范文】 June 17, 2011 Dear friends, I am writing this letter to call on everyone to pay attention to the present disasters caused by human activities. As some of you may know, over the past years, floods, droughts(干旱), landslides, and dust storms have frequented(頻繁的) our planet. Not long ago, tsunami(日本海嘯) swept(掃蕩了) the Southeast Asia, which caused enormous(巨大的) damage. All these have sounded an alarm to human beings. So it is high time that we join efforts to save our planet. Above all, a task of top priority(重點) for us is to plant trees as many as possible, especially in the arid(干旱的) areas. At the same time, we should stop deforesting(砍伐森林) in large amount. And we can save our planet through many other ways, such as saving water and using recycled paper. So dont hesitate(猶豫) to act out these measures(措施). Even a small action is meaningful to our