S2B unit 6 reading--教案

學大教育上海高中英語同步課程高二下冊unit-six 適用學科英語適用年級高一適用區(qū)域牛津上海版課時時長（分鐘）120知識點知識點1：核心單詞知識點2：重點短語知識點3：重點句型知識點4：重要語法教學目標知識：學生能夠基本掌握高二下冊Unit6中的詞匯、句型及語法。方法：牢記各個知識點的用法，歸納總結(jié)異同點。能力：明辨詞性的能力； 能夠準確判斷詞性轉(zhuǎn)換的能力； 熟練運用句型的能力。教學重點重點句型的運用教學難點獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的運用教學過程一、 課堂導入1. Can you give any examples of unconventional clothes, hair-styles or behavior?2. Can you give any examples of things which have revolutionized modern life?3. What is the packaging of a product? What do you do with it?4. What id something about yourself which is unique? In what way is it unique?二、復習預習復習上節(jié)課所學習的單詞，今天詳解重要詞匯及句型。共同討論以下幾個問題：1. What is The Body Shop?2. What does The Body Shop sell?3. What is the link between The Body Shop and animals?三、知識講解核心單詞1. persuasive adj.有說服力的；令人信服的 e.g. We should at least be finding persuasive new ways.我們至少應該找出能說服人的新辦法來。e.g. He can be very persuasive.他非常地有說服力?！局R拓展1】persuasion n. 勸說，說服（力）；信仰e.g. It didnt take much persuasion to get her to tell us where he was.我們沒費什么口舌就讓她說出了他的下落?！局R拓展2】persuade v.說服，勸說；使信服【常用搭配】try to persuade but 嘗試著勸說，但是（失敗了）persuade sb. to do sth. 說服某人做某事persuade sb. into doing sth. 說服某人做某事persuade sb. out of sth./doing sth. 說服某人不要做某事persuade sb/oneself of sth 使某人確信e.g. He is the sort of man that could be persuaded into doing everything.他是那種可被說服做任何事情的人e.g. That man was almost persuaded of her honesty.那個人幾乎相信她是誠實的。e.g. It was easily persuaded that he must be a very good man.很容易使人相信他是一個好人。e.g. We persuaded him out of lending his money to that untrustworthy man.我們說服了他,他未把錢借給那個不能信賴的人。2. campaign n.運動；戰(zhàn)役；活動；競選運動 v.參加競選；從事運動；開展運動【常用搭配】begin/launch/start a campaign 發(fā)起運動 carry on/conduct/make a campaign 開展運動map out a campaign 制定作戰(zhàn)計劃 campaign against /for 反對/爭取的運動organize/promote/sponsor/take part in a campaign 組織/促進/贊助/參加一場運動e.g. They are planning a new campaign against corruption.他們正在策劃一個新的反貪污運動。e.g. They are campaigning to save the area from building development.他們正開展一場反對在這個地區(qū)進行房地產(chǎn)開發(fā)的運動。e.g. We have campaigned against whaling for the last 15 years.我們最近15年一直參加反對捕鯨的運動。3anti-aging adj.抗衰老的e.g. These anti-aging cosmetics are really effective.這些抗衰老的化妝品真的很有效。4. present v.提出；贈送；呈現(xiàn)；引起造成；上演，表演，主持 n.禮物；現(xiàn)在 adj.出席的；現(xiàn)在的；當前的；存在的 【常用搭配】the present day 當今 at present=for the present目前,現(xiàn)在 make a present of 贈送 present sb. to sb. 向介紹present sb. with sth./ present sth. to sb. 贈送某人某物e.g. There is no need to fear for him for the present. He is going to get well. 暫且不必為他擔憂,他很快就會好起來。e.g. I make a present of a watch to him on his birthday. 我在他生日那天送給他一塊手表。e.g. Allow me to present my former teacher to you.請允許我向你們介紹我以前的老師。e.g. The new employees were presented to the rest of the staff.新雇員被介紹給其余職員。e.g. He had the honor of being presented to the chairman in the office.他有幸在辦公室被主席召見。5. unconventional adj. 不因循守舊的；新奇的 e.g. It was an actor whose name escapes me for the moment.那個男演員的名字我一時想不起來。6. principle n.原理；原則；主義；信念e.g. Archimedes ,a great physicist ,discovered the principle of floating bodies .阿基米德，一位偉大的物理學家，發(fā)現(xiàn)了浮體原理?！境Ｓ么钆洹縤n principle 原則上; 基本上on principle 依據(jù)自己的原則/所確定的信念e.g. They are agreed in principle but not in detail. 他們的看法在大體上是一致的,但是在細節(jié)上有所不同。e.g. He refused on principle to agree to the terms of the treaty. 根據(jù)自己的道德觀念,他拒絕同意條約上的條款。7. prosper vi.繁盛；成功；興旺 e.g. But for human selfishness, all might prosper.如果不是人類的自私，一切就都會繁榮了。e.g. He seems to be prospering since he moved out of the city.自從他離開了城市，好像發(fā)展不錯。e.g. His business is prospering.他生意興隆。【知識拓展】prosperity n.繁榮；興旺，昌盛；成功e.g. Prosperity and economic success remain popular and broadly shared goals. 經(jīng)濟繁榮昌盛一直是各國普遍追求的共同目標。【常用搭配】continuous prosperity持續(xù)繁榮 economic prosperity 繁榮經(jīng)濟 borrowed prosperity虛假繁榮 business prosperity商業(yè)繁榮 initial prosperity初步繁榮 prosperity peak繁榮高峰8. revolutionize v.徹底變革；使革命化e.g. Computers have revolutionized banking.計算機的運用徹底改變了銀行業(yè)務運作。9. unique adj.獨特的；獨一無二的；稀罕的 n.獨一無二的人e.g. I am in a rather unique position, as my job is different from anyone elses. 我的情況很特殊,因為我的工作與眾不同。e.g. The problem is unique to the country. 這個問題只有在這個國家才能碰到?！境Ｓ么钆洹縰nique ability 無與倫比的才能 unique fashion 奇特的服裝 unique opportunity 極難得的機會 unique style 獨特的風格 quite unique 獨特無比 almost unique 可算是獨特的 unique in its scenery 那地方的景色無與倫比 unique to the region 這個地區(qū)所特有的10. alternative adj.兩者擇一的；供選擇的；非主流的 n.二者擇一；供替代的選擇e.g. The road was flooded, so we had to go by an alternative route.這條路被淹了，所以我們不得不走另一條路。【常用搭配】have no alternative but to 除了別無選擇e.g. We have no alternative but to keep trying different methods. 我們別無選擇，只能不停地試驗別的方法?！局R拓展1】alternate v.(使)交替；輪流 adj.間隔的；輪流的；交替的 n.代替者；供替代的選擇alternation n.交替，輪流，間隔e.g. The three acts will alternate as headlines throughout the tour.這三個節(jié)目將在整個巡回演出中輪流大頭牌?！局R拓展2】alter v.改變 alteration n. 改變 e.g. Prices did not alter significantly during 2004.2004年期間，價格沒有大的變化。 【知識拓展3】alert v.警覺，向報警 alert sb. to sth. ；sb. be alerted to sth n.警報；警戒狀態(tài) adj.警覺的，注意的；思維敏捷的；be alert to sth. on high/the alert 警戒著；防備著e.g. Bird watchers on the alert for a rare species.看守者密切注意稀有鳥類。e.g. The armed forces were on high alert to guard against any retaliation.武裝部隊保持高度戒備，以防發(fā)生任何報復行動。11. double adj.雙重的；成雙的；兩倍的 v.翻一番；使加倍 n.兩倍；雙份e.g. The man will be given double pay if he wants to work on Sundays. 如果他想星期天工作,那他就會得雙倍的工資。e.g. Two Scotches, pleaseand make those doubles. 請來兩杯蘇格蘭威士忌都要雙份的。e.g. In experimental plots the yield has been doubled. 在試驗田里,產(chǎn)量已提高了一倍。12. cosmetics n.化妝品e.g. She wants to supervise the cosmetics shop.她想自己管理那間化妝品店?！境Ｓ么钆洹縞osmetic brush化妝筆；粉刷 cosmetic bag化妝包；化妝袋cosmetic surgery整容手術(shù)；整容外科 cosmetic industry化妝品工業(yè) cosmetic mirror化妝鏡 cosmetic products化妝品13. face cream n.面霜 e.g. A packer for fluid sticky creamy materials, such as: face cream, hair cream, jam and butter. 包裝有一定流動性的粘性膏狀物料，如：香脂、發(fā)乳、果醬、黃油等物料【知識拓展】cream-faced adj.臉色蒼白的cold cream 冷霜 vanishing cream 雪花膏 furniture cream 家具蠟shaving cream 刮臉膏 hand cream 擦手霜 skin cream 皮膚霜14. advertising n.廣告；廣告業(yè)e.g. They use television advertising as a device for stimulating demand.他們利用電視廣告作為刺激需求的方法?！局R拓展1】advertise (英) v.登廣告；宣傳；告知 advertize (美)advertise for sb/sth to do 登廣告征求e.g. Mother has been advertising for a cleaner for weeks without success.近幾周母親接連登廣告想雇一名清潔工,但至今沒有找到人。e.g. They advertised for a young girl to look after the children.他們登廣告想招聘一位年輕姑娘來照顧孩子們?！局R拓展2】advertisement n.廣告；通告e.g. They suggest that consumers should be not leaded to the crossroads by no truly advertisement.他們建議消費者不要被虛假廣告引入歧途(誤導).15. publicize v.宣傳；公布；廣告e.g. We are trying to publicize our products by advertisement on buses.我們正試圖在公共汽車上做廣告來宣傳我們的產(chǎn)品。e.g. The campaign is intended to publicize the service of the tourist board.這次宣傳運動目的在于為旅游部門的服務做廣告?！局R拓展1】public adj.公眾的；公共的；公開的 n.民眾；公眾；大眾be public about=go public with 公之于世in public 公開地，當眾public business對外營業(yè)e.g. While women all around me are going public with their work, I still live as my mother and grandmother lived toiling in and around the home all day, every day. 當我周圍的家庭婦女都出外參加工作時,我卻仍然像我的媽媽和祖母一樣,每天忙家務,整天圍著鍋臺轉(zhuǎn)。e.g. The telephone office is open for public business. 這個電信局對外營業(yè)。e.g. Like many native Italians, my parents were open with their feelings and their love not only at home, but also in public. 跟許多意大利人一樣,我的父母不僅在家而且在公眾場合也公開表達其感情和愛情?！境Ｓ么钆?】public debt 國債 public school 公立學校 public servant 公務員,公仆public service 公共服務 appeal to the public 向公眾呼吁 benefit the public 使公眾受益【知識拓展2】publicity n.公眾/媒體的注意；宣傳；宣揚；宣傳品；廣告e.g. The British press has given considerable publicity to it. 英國出版界對它已經(jīng)做了很多宣傳【常用搭配2】avoid/ receive publicity 避免引人注意/受到廣泛注意 give publicity 公布seek/ court publicity 求名，想出風頭 newspaper/press publicity 新聞宣傳 enormous publicity 大肆宣傳e.g. She had visited the old scholar who avoided publicity. 她拜訪過那位不想引人注意的老學者。e.g. Rose is a singer who seeks/courts publicity. 羅絲是一個有心想出風頭的歌手。16. promise v.允諾；預示；答應；有的指望、可能e.g. This year promises to be a good harvest.這一年預示著是豐收的一年?！境Ｓ么钆洹縫romise sb. sth 承諾某人某事promise (sb.) to do sth. 許諾某人做某事promise +that從句e.g. Mr. Green has promised his son a new bicycle if he passes the examination. 格林先生答應如果兒子考試及格,就給他買輛新自行車。e.g. She promised me to try her best to help him. 她向我保證要盡力幫助他。e.g. He promised me that the work should be finished before evening. 他許諾說,這工作要在晚上之前做完?！局R拓展】n.諾言； (有)希望e.g. They failed to fulfill their promises to revive the economy. 他們沒能實現(xiàn)使經(jīng)濟復蘇的諾言。17. blind vt.使失明；隱藏 adj.盲目的；瞎的；未察覺的 adv.盲目地 n.百葉窗e.g. Falling in love can blind us to an extent.愛情會讓人盲目。e.g. Love is blind and sometimes deaf.愛情是盲目的,有時甚至是聾的。e.g. The blind often know things by feeling them. 盲人往往憑觸摸來識別東西?！境Ｓ么钆洹縜 blind alley死胡同,絕境 as blind as a bat視覺有困難的be blind to對視而不見 be blind with 被弄得眼花,因狂熱t(yī)urn a/ones blind eye to假裝看不見blind to使無視,不理會 blind sb to sth 使某人無視某物 be blinded with 被某物弄失明the blind leading the blind瞎子給瞎子引路,外行指導外行e.g. Im afraid our present course of action may turn out to be a blind alley. 我擔心我們目前這種干法可能是條死胡同。e.g. Stepping from the bright sunlight into the darkness of that cellar,I was as blind as a bat until my eyes became used to it. 從明亮的陽光下走進黑暗的地窖中,我什么也看不見,直到眼睛適應了為止。e.g. They were not blind to the defects of Western society. 他們并非不了解西方社會的缺陷。e.g. The woman in the country was blind with the big city. 這位農(nóng)村婦女被大城市弄得眼花繚亂。e.g. He said he knew the way and would lead us there, but he didnt. It was a case of the blind leading the blind. 他說他認識路并愿意帶我們?nèi)ツ莾?但是他事實上并不認識路,完全是盲人教瞎子。e.g. He turned a blind eye to her mistakes. 他對她的錯誤睜一只眼閉一只眼。e.g. Greed for money blinded her to the danger.貪財使她看不見危險。e.g. We have to beware that missionary zeal doesnt blind us to the realities here.我們必須注意絕不能讓宣傳的狂熱使我們對這里的現(xiàn)實視而不見。18. sue vt.控告；起訴 vi.請求；起訴e.g. Ill sue the railway company because my trunk is damaged. 因皮箱受損我要控告鐵路公司。e.g. If you spoil his property you may be sued. 如果你破壞他的財物,他會控告你。e.g. He let it be known that he would sue if these allegations were published. 他表示如果公開這些辯解,他就會提出訴訟。【常用搭配】sue for sth./doing 為得到而向法院控訴(某人)sb. be sued for 某人因而受到控告e.g. They sued the movers for ruining the furniture.他們控告搬運家具的人損壞家具。e.g. He was sued for breach of contract.他因不履行合同而受到控告?！局R拓展】accuse v.譴責；控告；指責accuse sb/sth for sth 因而指責某人或某事accuse sb of sth/doing 指責,控告e.g. Man often accuses nature for his own misfortune.人常因自己的不幸而責怪老天。e.g. Ive been accused of many things in my life, but never of cowardice/being coward.我一生受到過種種指責,但還從來沒有人指責我懦弱呢【詞義辨析】accuse, charge, sue 這組詞都有“控告,控訴；指責”的意思。其區(qū)別是：accuse 使用范圍較廣,主要用于一般的指責,也可用于法律上的正式控告; charge比accuse正式,通常指在法庭上依法控告,也可以引申地使用于指責某人違反公認的行為準則。charge所指控的內(nèi)容比accuse更嚴重。accuse后一般接of,而charge后一般接with。sue一定是法律上的控告，法庭上的。19. injection n.注射；注射物；數(shù)學函數(shù)e.g. Those drugs are given by injection as well as through the mouth. 那些藥品可以注射,也可以口服。 e.g. The nurse gave the patient an injection of penicillin. 護士給患者打了一針青霉素?！境Ｓ么钆洹?give (sb.) an injection 給(某人)打針 effective injection 有效的注射藥20. immoral adj.不道德的e.g. Its immoral to steal. 偷盜是不道德的。21.remarkably adv.顯著突出地；出乎意外地e.g. He was remarkably successful in business.他在事業(yè)上取得了顯著成功。e.g. Remarkably enough, radiation of exactly this kind has been discovered.非常出乎意外，恰恰是這種輻射被發(fā)現(xiàn)了。【知識拓展】remarkable adj.非凡的；值得注意的；顯著的；異常的；卓越的remarkable development顯著發(fā)展e.g. She is a remarkable person, I am proud to know her. 她是位杰出的人物,認識她我感到榮幸。e.g. Recent polices success against drug rings is remarkable. 近來警方反毒品集團的工作成績斐然。22. limitation n.C 限制；限度；缺點e.g. I am willing to accept certain limitation on my freedom. 我愿意接受對我自由的某些限制。 e.g. Its a good car, but it has its limitations. 這是一輛很不錯的小汽車,但它有自身的局限?！境Ｓ么钆洹縜ccept limitation 接受限制 exceed the limitations 超出限度 have limitations 有缺陷 put limitation on 對施加限制 within certain limitations 在一定的限度之內(nèi)【知識拓展】limit n.限度；限制；界限 vt.限制；限定e.g. The bank has written to say Ive gone over my credit limit. 銀行寫信來說我已經(jīng)超過信用限額了。e.g. He must limit the number of cigarettes he smokes. 他必須限制他抽煙的數(shù)量。23. recycle vt.再利用；使再循環(huán)；再制 vi.循環(huán)n.再循環(huán)e.g. The old newspapers were pulped and recycled. 那些舊報紙被化成紙漿回收利用了。e.g. One thing you cant recycle is wasted time.唯一無法回收利用的是你浪費掉的時間。e.g. Water recycle is a good way to save our resources.水循環(huán)利用是一種很好的節(jié)約資源的方法。重點短語精品文檔交流1. engage in 參與 2. the cosmetics industry 化妝品產(chǎn)業(yè)3. promise to承諾4.come true 實現(xiàn)5. a certain type of shampoo 某種類型的洗發(fā)水6. persuasive and expensive advertising campaign 有說服力且昂貴的廣告行動7. anti-aging cream 抗衰老面霜8. expensive packaging 昂貴的包裝9. double their cost 加倍它們的花銷10. be sued for 因被起訴11. an unconventional woman一位不因循守舊的女人12. ignore all the accepted principles 無視所有已被接受的規(guī)則13. revolutionize the industry 改革了這個行業(yè)14. make false promise about 作出虛假的承諾 15. a refilling and recycling service 一種續(xù)裝和回收的服務16. campaign against animal testing 反對動物實驗運動17. alternative ways of 可選擇的方式 18. attract wide publicity 吸引廣泛的公眾關(guān)注19. publicize the Body Shop 宣傳了美體小鋪20. take part in local campaign 參加當?shù)氐倪\動句子分析1. It promises that all your dreams will come true if you use a certain type of shampoo or face cream.它許諾如果你使用某種類型的洗發(fā)水或面霜，你所有的夢想都會變成現(xiàn)實。come true “實現(xiàn)”是不及物動詞，不用于被動語態(tài)。e.g. After many years of hard work, his long-cherished dream of being a football player came true.經(jīng)過多年努力，他夢寐以求的成為足球運動員的愿望終于實現(xiàn)了。2. The products are presented in expensive packaging, often doubling their cost. often doubling their cost是現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語，表示伴隨狀態(tài)。3. Banning images of beautiful women in her shops, she promoted health, not beauty.banning images of beautiful women in her shops是現(xiàn)在分詞短語作原因狀語。4. In 1991, Germany took the lead by requiring companies to recycle the packaging used for their goods.used for their goods是過去分詞短語作定語，修飾packaging，相當于定語從句：which/that is used for their goods. e.g. This is a room used for hosting guests.這是一個用來招待貴賓的房間。5. To avoid this, many cosmetic products are tested on animals to ensure that they are harmless.為了避免這樣的事情發(fā)生，許多化妝品用動物做實驗，以此來確保其無害。ensure “確保，保證”，后面可以直接跟賓語或由that引導的賓語從句。e.g. This action will ensure that I take the medicine on time.這樣做可以保證我按時服藥。6. These painful tests include force-feeding, injections, applying the product to the skin or dripping it into the eyes of the helpless animals.這些痛苦的試驗包括強灌、注射、將產(chǎn)品涂抹在那些無助的動物的皮膚上或是滴進它們的眼睛里。applyto “把使用到上”，在本句中引申義為“涂抹”。e.g. What matters is whether we can apply what we have learnt to our daily life.重要的是我們是否能學以致用。7. She thought it was immoral to make false promises about the qualities of her cosmetics.她認為對自己的化妝品質(zhì)量作出虛假的承諾是不道德的。it是形式主語，真正的主語是to make false promises about the qualities of her cosmetics。e.g. I dont think it is necessary to go there by taxi since we have nothing urgent at hand.我想，既然我們現(xiàn)在沒有什么緊急的事情，就沒必要乘出租車去那里。8. Therefore, she explained the qualities (and limitations) of each product in simple, truthful language.因此，她用簡單、真實的語言解釋每一種產(chǎn)品的品質(zhì)（以及局限性）。本句中的limitations意為“局限，不足”，是可數(shù)名詞，且一般用復數(shù)形式。e.g. I have never used a DVD player of this type before, so Im not very clear regarding its limitations.我從來沒有用過這種DVD機，所以我不太清楚它的缺點。9. This allows customers to refill their old bottles, thus saving waste.這使顧客可以在那里用舊瓶灌裝，因此可避免浪費。thus是副詞，意為“因而，于是”，后面跟的saving waste是現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)，作伴隨狀語。e.g. He did not study hard, thus failing this test.他學習從不努力，因此考試沒通過。10. Remarkably, The Body Shop has become a global business without spending any money on advertising. 令人注目的是，美體小鋪沒有花一分錢做廣告就成為一個全球性的產(chǎn)業(yè)。global adj.全球的，全世界的e.g. Our products have won global popularity.我們的產(chǎn)品已經(jīng)受到全世界的歡迎。語法解析一、 獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的概念 它是由“名詞/代詞+分詞”等構(gòu)成的一種獨立結(jié)構(gòu)，用于修飾整個句子。此結(jié)構(gòu)中“名詞/代詞”與“分詞”等構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂或動賓關(guān)系。這種結(jié)構(gòu)與主句不發(fā)生句法上的聯(lián)系，位置靈活，可置于主句前、主句末或主句中，常由逗號將其與主句分開。獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)與主句之間不能使用任何連接詞。二、獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)基本構(gòu)成形式名詞/代詞+現(xiàn)在分詞/過去分詞/不定式/adj./adv./ n./介詞短語1. 名詞/代詞+現(xiàn)在分詞e.g. Night enshrouding the earth, nobody could make out what the dark mass was from a distance.黑夜籠罩了大地，誰也看不清遠處黑壓壓的一片是什么東西。e.g. There _(be) no bus, we had to walk home. 由于沒有公共汽車，我們只好走回家。being2. 名詞/代詞+過去分詞e.g. The workers worked still harder, their living conditions greatly improved.由于工人們的生活條件大大改善，他們工作得更起勁了。e.g. He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard.他上課專心聽講，眼睛緊盯著黑板。3. 名詞/代詞+不定式當前面的名詞/代詞與動詞不定式存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，動詞不定式則用主動的形式；若是被動關(guān)系，則用被動關(guān)系。e.g. The four of us agreed on a division of labor, each to translate a quarter of the book.我們四人同意分工干，每人翻譯全書的四分之一。e.g. Many trees, flowers, and grass to be planted, our newly-built school will look even more beautiful.種上許多的樹、花和草后，我們新建的學?？瓷先⒏馈?. 名詞/代詞+ adj. e.g. The Trojans asleep, the Greek soldiers crept out of the hollow wooden horse.特洛伊人睡著了，于是希臘士兵從中空的木馬里悄悄爬了出來。e.g. Computer very small, we can use them widely.電腦雖小，我們卻能廣泛地利用它們。5. 名詞/代詞+ adv.e.g. The meeting over, our headmaster soon left the meeting room.散會了，校長很快就離開了會議室。e.g. The light off, we could not go on with the work.燈熄了，我們不能繼續(xù)工作了。6. 名詞/代詞+ n.e.g. His first shot failure, he fired again.他第一槍沒有擊中，又打了一槍。e.g. Two hundred people died in the accident, many of them children.兩百人死于事故，其中有許多朋友。7. 名詞/代詞+介詞短語e.g. He lay at full length upon his stomach, his head resting upon his left forearm.他的脊背朝天，四肢伸展，頭枕著左臂，直挺挺地趴伏著。e.g. Every afternoon a very old woman hobbled past the old house, a vast load of firewood on her back.每天下午，一個背著一大背柴火的老婦人都會從那間破舊的房屋前蹣跚著走過。三、獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的句法功能其在句中一般作狀語，表示時間、條件