高考單選英語(yǔ)命題八大陷阱和解題七大策略.doc

高考英語(yǔ)專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練單項(xiàng)選擇題的命題陷阱和解題策略泰來(lái)縣第一中學(xué)趙福友高考，既是一場(chǎng)既定已久的戰(zhàn)斗，也是一場(chǎng)讓考生充分展示才華與潛能的重大人生機(jī)遇。如何抓住高三階段的寶貴時(shí)光，盡快提高自己的英語(yǔ)成績(jī)，無(wú)疑是每個(gè)考生都非常關(guān)注的事情。本節(jié)課談一談如何抓好英語(yǔ)單項(xiàng)選擇題的科學(xué)備考一.高考英語(yǔ)單選命題的八大陷阱 (1)思維定勢(shì)型思維定勢(shì)有時(shí)會(huì)誤導(dǎo)同學(xué)們,對(duì)于一些比較特殊的句子或語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象想當(dāng)然地套用已形成的思維定勢(shì)，從而得出錯(cuò)誤的結(jié)論。 考試的命題者常常利用考生思維定勢(shì)這一特點(diǎn)，有意編擬一些比較特殊的句子或結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)測(cè)試考生對(duì)某一知識(shí)點(diǎn)的靈活處理技巧和深層理解能力。典例分析1.He ran as fast as he could _ the bus. A. catch B. to catch C. catching D. caught2. Mr. Smith is _ a good teacher _ we all respect. A. such, that B. such, as C. so, that D. so, as (2)母語(yǔ)干擾型由于母語(yǔ)在大腦中根深蒂固，所以常常會(huì)對(duì)外語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)者大腦中尚不牢固的外語(yǔ)知識(shí)產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響，干擾學(xué)習(xí)者學(xué)習(xí)正確、地道的外語(yǔ)。比如漢語(yǔ)說(shuō)“年輕一代”，說(shuō)成地道的英語(yǔ)通常是younger generation,而不是young generation,盡管漢語(yǔ)表達(dá)中看不出比較意味，但其相應(yīng)的英語(yǔ)卻用比較級(jí)。典例分析( )1.I wont go there alone, and Ill take _wants to go. A. anyone B. who C. whoever D. what( )2.Stop that noise; it is _ me mad. A. putting B. causing C. driving D. turning (3)借用倒裝型有些試題借用倒裝這一語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目，改變了原來(lái)的結(jié)構(gòu)形式，導(dǎo)致理解偏差，在主觀判斷上造成失誤因此，對(duì)一些固定句式和特殊用法需要做到“死去活來(lái)”:牢記,活用.典例分析( )1.Little Jim is going to spend his holiday in Paris, _ lives his uncle. A. which B. who C. where D. that( )2. _ loudly did he speak that even the people in the next room could hear him. A. So B. Very C. Too D. Much (4)結(jié)構(gòu)誤配型有許多試題，從表面上看是甲結(jié)構(gòu)，而實(shí)際上是乙結(jié)構(gòu)；或者命題人考查的是甲結(jié)構(gòu)，而應(yīng)試者卻將其誤認(rèn)為是乙結(jié)構(gòu)；或者從選項(xiàng)來(lái)看是甲結(jié)構(gòu)，而題干考查的實(shí)際上是乙結(jié)構(gòu)等等對(duì)于這類問(wèn)題，若不仔細(xì)識(shí)別，則很容易出錯(cuò)典例分析( )1. Whom would you rather _ with you, Jim or Jack? A. have go B. have to go C. have gone D. has to go( )2. He was in great need of money, so he _ $5,000 for his car. A. paid B. took C. cost D. spent (5)規(guī)則硬套型所謂“規(guī)則硬套”，即指不從語(yǔ)言實(shí)際出發(fā)，不考慮特定的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境，而是機(jī)械地套用語(yǔ)法規(guī)則，生搬硬套語(yǔ)法的條條框框，結(jié)果難免會(huì)出錯(cuò)典例分析( )1. He was sentenced to death _ what he had stolen from the bank. A. that B. since C. because of D. because ( )2. -“Have you seen _ pen? I left it here this morning.” -“Is it _ black one? I found it in the corner.” A. a, the B. the, the C. a, a D. the, a (6)詞義誤解型有許多所謂的陷阱題，倒不是因?yàn)榫渥咏Y(jié)構(gòu)有多么復(fù)雜，用詞多么生僻，而是因?yàn)槠渲杏袀€(gè)別詞（尤其是其中的關(guān)鍵詞）的詞義很容易誤解，或是同學(xué)們對(duì)此平時(shí)沒(méi)引起足夠的重視，對(duì)這類詞理解不準(zhǔn)，在運(yùn)用時(shí)其詞義在腦海中模棱兩可，從而導(dǎo)致做題失誤典例分析( )1.Mr. Black , who is a _ , is now in love with Miss Smith, who is a _ . A. cooker, typewriter B. cook, typist C. cooker, typist D. cook, typewriter( )2.These _ much alike that I cant tell which is which. A. twin looks B. twins look C. twin look D. twins looks (7)詞性誤用型英語(yǔ)和漢語(yǔ)不僅在譴詞造句句型搭配習(xí)慣用法等方面有很大的差別，就是在詞性方面也有很大的差別，并且這種差別有時(shí)會(huì)使同學(xué)們稍不留心就釀成錯(cuò)誤典例分析( )1._ his stay in Japan, he visited many places. A. During B. Since C. While D. In( )2. _ your students against or for the plan made by the teacher? A. Do B. Can C. Are D. Did (8)插入隔離型有時(shí)一個(gè)本來(lái)很簡(jiǎn)單的句子,由于表達(dá)的需要,在其中置入一個(gè)插入成分,或?qū)⒛承┏煞謴恼Ｎ恢谜{(diào)入一個(gè)在同學(xué)們看來(lái)屬于非正常的位置,則很有可能給同學(xué)們的理解帶來(lái)困難.典例分析( )1. I think _, though I should be mistaken, he liked me. A. who B. which C. that D. what( )2. “Each of the students, working hard at his or her lessons, _ to go to university.” “So do I” A. hope B. hopes C. hoping D. hoped 二、高考英語(yǔ)單選解題的七大策略點(diǎn)撥提示單項(xiàng)填空以考查基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)為主,即基礎(chǔ)語(yǔ)法,詞匯句式用法和交際用語(yǔ)等.其中又以動(dòng)詞和從句為考查重點(diǎn).答題時(shí)應(yīng)分清考查的項(xiàng)目,選題要以語(yǔ)法知識(shí)為依據(jù),在上下文的語(yǔ)境中做出正確判斷.單項(xiàng)填空的正確答案應(yīng)該是兩通:語(yǔ)法通,語(yǔ)義通.1.化簡(jiǎn)法有的單項(xiàng)填空的題干相當(dāng)復(fù)雜,讓考生一時(shí)分不清結(jié)構(gòu).這是應(yīng)該化繁為簡(jiǎn),理清主干,忽略次要成分.化減法練習(xí)題( )1.Jhon,a friend of mine, who got married only last week, spent $3.000 more than he _ for the wedding. A. will plan B. has planned C. would plan D. had planned( )2. -Did you take enough money with you? -No, I needed _I thought I would. A. not so much as B. as much as C. much more than D. much less than2.補(bǔ)全法有的單項(xiàng)填空的題干由于省略了句子成分,看起來(lái)相當(dāng)簡(jiǎn)單,同樣讓考生分不清結(jié)構(gòu),這就需要考生利用所學(xué)的省略知識(shí),補(bǔ)全省略的部分,使句子結(jié)構(gòu)一目了然.補(bǔ)全法練習(xí)題( )1. I was wondering if we could go skiing on the weekend. _good A. Sound B. Sounded C. Sounding D. Sounds( )2._automatically, the e-mail will be received by all the club members. A. Mailed out B. Mailing out C. To be mailed out D. Having mailed out3.還原法由于英語(yǔ)中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)倒裝現(xiàn)象,致使好多考生分不清結(jié)構(gòu),造成失分.應(yīng)將其還原,恢復(fù)短語(yǔ),句型和結(jié)構(gòu)的本來(lái)面目.還原法練習(xí)題( )1.Only then _how much damage had been caused. A. had she realized B. she realized C. did she realize D. she had realized( ) 2.At the foot of the mountain_. A. a village lies B. lies a village C. does a village lie D. lying a village4.排同法正確的答案只有一個(gè),因此,如果兩個(gè)答案在意義或用法上作用相同,則可肯定這兩個(gè)答案都不正確.排同法練習(xí)題( )1._with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all. A. Compare B. When comparing C. Comparing D. When compared( )2.What he did suggested that he _little education. A. receive B. had received C. should receive D. receives5.一致法句子前后的關(guān)系要一致.包括:主謂一致,時(shí)態(tài)一致,代詞指代一致,比較對(duì)象一致,邏輯關(guān)系一致以及句子結(jié)構(gòu)一致等. 一致法練習(xí)題( )1.According to the art dealer, the painting _to go for at least a million dollars. A. is expected B. expects C. expected D. is expecting( )2.-The window is dirty. -I know. It _for weeks. A. hasnt cleaned B. didnt clean C. wasnt cleaned D. hasnt been cleaned 6.標(biāo)點(diǎn)法標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)的作用不可忽視.在做題時(shí),一個(gè)標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)也可能決定一個(gè)題的答案,逗號(hào)可以決定一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句.標(biāo)點(diǎn)法練習(xí)題( )1.The journey around the world took the old sailor nine mouths, _the sailing time was 226 days. A. of which B. during which C. from which D. for which( )2.Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, _,of course made the others envy him. A. who B. that C. what D. which高考英語(yǔ)單選題的解題策略7.語(yǔ)境法近幾年的高考題更加注意考查學(xué)生綜合運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)的能力.僅從單項(xiàng)填空題來(lái)看,純粹直來(lái)直去的語(yǔ)法題已經(jīng)減少,增加更多考查語(yǔ)境的試題.對(duì)這類題,如果考生不借助語(yǔ)境信息,就很難選出正確答案來(lái).這類試題有兩類:一類是考查日常交際用語(yǔ)(如打電話,問(wèn)路,購(gòu)物等);另一類是借助語(yǔ)境,考查學(xué)生的英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí).語(yǔ)境法練習(xí)題( )1.- Its getting late. Im afraid I must be going now. - OK._. A. Take it easy B. Go slowly C. Stay longer D. See you( )2.Stand over there _ youll be able to see it better. A. or B. while C. but D. and三.初試鋒芒( )1.Good luck to you, and _ all your wishes come true! A. can B. may C. must D. should( )2. “Alice, why didnt you come yesterday?” “I _ ,but I had an unexpected visitor.” A. had B. would C. was going to D. did( )3.He is a man of few words, and seldom speaks until _ to. A. spoken B. speaking C. speak D. be spoken( )4.If _ carefully, the experiment will be successful. A. do B. does C. done D. Doing( )5.