2018小學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法大全(超實(shí)用).ppt

2018小學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法大全超實(shí)用 一 名詞 可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞 二 人稱(chēng)代詞三 冠詞四 動(dòng)詞五 介詞六 數(shù)詞七 形容詞和副詞 八 therebe結(jié)構(gòu)九 句式1 肯定句2 否定句3 疑問(wèn)句4 祈使句十 時(shí)態(tài) 1 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)2 一般過(guò)去時(shí)3 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)4 一般將來(lái)時(shí)十一 wh 的特殊疑問(wèn)句 一 名詞 英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法中 名詞有兩種數(shù)的形式 1 單數(shù) 表示一個(gè)人或事物 2 復(fù)數(shù) 表示多于一個(gè)的人或數(shù) 只有可數(shù)名詞才有復(fù)數(shù)形式 名詞的數(shù) 名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成 由元音字母的變化構(gòu)成 man men tooth teeth foot feet mouse mice woman women2 有些名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式與單數(shù)的形式一樣 sheep deer fish 但也可以是fishes 有些名詞變成復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)加 en child children ox oxen 不規(guī)則名詞的復(fù)數(shù) Practise peach 2 zoo 3 glass 4 fox 5 lady 6 policewoman 7 house 8 photo 9 monkey 10 wife 11 rose 12 path 13 judge 14 map peaches zoos glasses foxes ladies policewomen houses photos monkeys wives roses paths judges maps 二 人稱(chēng)代詞 主格 Iweyousheheitthey賓格 meusyouherhimitthem形容詞性物主代詞 myouryourherhisitstheir名詞性物主代詞 mineoursyourshershisitstheirs 第一人稱(chēng) 第二人稱(chēng) 第三人稱(chēng) 后跟名詞 能夠在句子中獨(dú)立作主語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ) Practise 他 ismybrother 2 Ihadaletterfrom 她 3 It sallright it sonly 我 4 Today 我們 wentin 我們的 car tomorrow 我們 aregoingin 他們的 5 我 lend 我的 booksgladlyto 我的 friendsandto 你的 6 Canyouhelp 我 with 我的 English 7 When 你 gotosee 你的 father pleasetakethesebooksto 他 8 他們 found 它 difficulttolearnGerman He her me we our we theirs I my my yours me my you your him They it 所有格 所有格的形式單數(shù)人稱(chēng)名詞末尾加 schild child s以 s結(jié)尾的單數(shù)人稱(chēng)名詞末尾加 swaitress waitress s不規(guī)則的復(fù)數(shù)人稱(chēng)名詞末尾加 schildren children s以 s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)人稱(chēng)名詞末尾加 girls girls 以 s結(jié)尾的一些人名末尾加 sJames James s 下列情況一般用 of 結(jié)構(gòu) 東西 沒(méi)有現(xiàn)成的復(fù)合名詞時(shí) thebookofthefilm2 東西的一部分 thebottomofthebox3 抽象的概念 thepriceofsuccess4 當(dāng)of短語(yǔ)中的名詞被另一個(gè)短語(yǔ)或從句修飾時(shí) Can tyoulookatthebookoftheboybehindyou 雙重 s結(jié)構(gòu)也可以用于 of 結(jié)構(gòu)之后 如 afriendofmyfather s 出現(xiàn)這種情況是因?yàn)樵谝粋€(gè)名詞前通常只用一個(gè)限定詞 又如 thissonofmine afriendofyours acousinofhers等等 Isn tFrankafriendofyours ThatsillyuncleofTom shastoldmethesameJokefivetimes 冠詞 不定冠詞a an 定冠詞the 只能用于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞之前 單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞 零冠詞 名詞前可不用冠詞 不定冠詞的用法 表示 一 任何一個(gè) 或 不管哪一個(gè) 的意思 Ihaveasisterandtwobrothers 2 在某些度量表示法中 WehavePElessonsthreetimesaweek 3 用在單數(shù)的表語(yǔ)名詞前 以表示職業(yè) 行業(yè) 宗教 等級(jí)等 Georgewantstobeanengineer 4 在以what引導(dǎo)的感嘆句中 單數(shù)的可數(shù)名詞前 Whataprettygirl 5 一些常用短語(yǔ)中 haveagoodtime halfanhour haveaheadache 定冠詞的用法 用來(lái)表示 獨(dú)一無(wú)二 的意思 Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest 2 表示 說(shuō)話的人剛剛提到過(guò)的人或事物 Thereisaboatintheriver Theboatismadeofwood 3 用在后面跟有限定性介詞短語(yǔ)的名詞前 theletterfromAmerica thefourteenthofApril4 用在泛指的樂(lè)器名詞前 Heplaysthepiano 5 一些常用短語(yǔ) bytheway inthemorning What sthematter 零冠詞的用法 泛指的抽象名詞前 Lifeisveryhardforsomepeople 2 泛指的物質(zhì)名詞前 Waterisveryuseful 3 泛指的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前 Booksaremybestfriends 4 泛指的 餐 名前 Cometohavedinner breakfastwithme 5 大多數(shù)的專(zhuān)有名詞前 HecomesfromFrance 6 語(yǔ)言的名詞前 ShecanspeakFrench 7 在季節(jié)和節(jié)日的名詞前 Winteristhebesttimeforskating 8 當(dāng)名詞前已有一些代詞修飾時(shí) Mybrotherisasoldier 9 在體育項(xiàng)目的名詞前 playbasketball10 一些常用短語(yǔ) athome gotoschool atnight 1 Thereis notebookonmydesk Iuse notebooktokeepadiary 2 Thereis bottleonthetable waterinitissweet 3 Wang smotheris Englishteacher Sheteachesin primaryschool 4 Chinais ancientcountrywith longhistory 5 Chinahas populationof12hundredmillion Chinesepeopleare greatpeople 6 Hermotheris universityteacher Sheis honestwoman 7 Noneof booksshouldbetakenoutof roomwithout permissionof librarian 8 Partyalwaysteachesustoworkfor peopleheartandsoul 9 Shestudiesat No 3MiddleSchool Shegoesto schoolby buseveryday 10 Myeldersisteris studentof English Shestudiesat college 11 Mondaybefore SpringFestivalwasverycold 12 Haveyouhad dinner Practise a the a The an the an a the The a an the the the The a a The 四 動(dòng)詞 動(dòng)詞主要表示動(dòng)作 其次表示狀態(tài)或性質(zhì) 有時(shí)態(tài) 語(yǔ)態(tài) 語(yǔ)氣等形式的變化 小學(xué)階段所涉及的動(dòng)詞主要有 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞 be動(dòng)詞 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can等 Be動(dòng)詞 am is are was were been Practise 1 He verygoodatEnglish 2 MyfatherandI goingtoBeijingnextmonth 3 youondutythedaybeforeyesterday 4 Mr King inLondontwoweeksago 5 There manykindsofanimalsinthezoo 6 What thedateyesterday 7 Look Alittlegirl flyingakite 8 Who notatschoollastMonday 9 Haveyouever toJapan 10 I notanurse Iworkasadoctor is are Were was are was is was been am 動(dòng)詞的基本形式 第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)現(xiàn)在式 動(dòng)詞be和have的第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)現(xiàn)在式分別是is和has 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式 現(xiàn)在分詞 has had having gives gave giving gets got getting reads read reading sweeps swept sweeping plays played playing carries carried carrying Practise 五 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài) 動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)是表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生或存在的時(shí)間和表示方式的一種動(dòng)詞形式 小學(xué)階段所學(xué)的時(shí)態(tài)有 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) work works2 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) am is areworking3 一般過(guò)去時(shí) worked4 一般將來(lái)時(shí) am is aregoingtowork 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 通常表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或目前的狀態(tài) 常與時(shí)間副詞連用 always often usually every onSundays twiceaweek等 基本結(jié)構(gòu) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 通常表示說(shuō)話時(shí)或現(xiàn)階段正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行著的動(dòng)作 它所表示的動(dòng)作具有持續(xù)性 暫時(shí)性和未完成性 常見(jiàn)的與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)有關(guān)的詞有 now thesedays look listen等 基本結(jié)構(gòu) 一般過(guò)去時(shí) 通常表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài) 其中也包括習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作 常與表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用 yesterday last ago justnow in1998等 基本結(jié)構(gòu) 一般將來(lái)時(shí) 表示將來(lái)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況 常與一些表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用 tomorrow next Begoingtodo表示主體現(xiàn)在打算在最近或?qū)?lái)要做某事 也可以表示 預(yù)見(jiàn) 即現(xiàn)在已有跡象表明將要發(fā)生或即將發(fā)生某種情況 基本結(jié)構(gòu) Peter play basketballtwiceaweek 2 Doyoubelievewhathe say justnow 3 Look Thelazycat sleep inthesofa 4 There be abookandtwopensonthedesk 5 you see afilmtomorrowmorning 6 She notplay theguitaratthemoment 7 What hisfatherusually do intheevening 8 They have ameetingnextweek aren tthey 9 BothheandI be teachers 10 I notfeel verywellyesterday 11 Heputonhiscoatand go out 12 LeiFengoften help othersandhewashelpful NextSunday we clean upthepark 14 Hurry Yourmother wait foryouattheschoolgate Practise plays said issleeping is Are goingtosee isn tplaying does do aregoingtohave are didn tfeel went helps aregoingtoclean iswaiting 六 介詞 介詞在句子中表示名詞或代詞等與其他詞之間的關(guān)系 不能單獨(dú)作句子成分 常位于名詞或代詞 或與之相當(dāng)?shù)钠渌~類(lèi) 短語(yǔ) 從句 前面構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ) 介詞后面的成分作介詞的賓語(yǔ) 方位介詞 in on at under to behind beside near before infrontof nextto between 時(shí)間介詞 in on at after before from to past between 其它 of by with into outof for Practise 1 Look thepicture It spicture myschool 2 Thereisaschoolbuilding myschool Ithasfivefloors theschoolbuilding thereisabigplayground school thechildrenalwaysplayballgamesthere 3 Myclassroomis thefifthfloor It sbigandclean 4 MissLiisourclassteacher Shecomes schoolearlyeverymorning Shecomes bicycle Thenshedoesmorningexercises us Shelikessports Tomorrowisherbirthday Wewillmakeacard her Weloveherverymuch 5 Therearesomeapples thetree 6 Where syourstudy It snext mybedroom 7 Thecar thetreeisJack s 8 Theballis thedoor soyoucan tseeit 9 thehouse therearemanytrees 10 Listen Someoneisknocking thedoor 11 Thereissomethingwrong mycomputer at of in Near After on to by with for on to under behind Infrontof at with 七 數(shù)詞 表示數(shù)目的詞稱(chēng)為基數(shù)詞表示數(shù)目順序的詞稱(chēng)為序數(shù)詞 1 12的基數(shù)詞 one two three four five six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve13 19的基數(shù)詞 thirteen fourteen fifteen sixteen seventeen eighteen nineteen20 90的基數(shù)詞 twenty thirty forty fifty sixty seventy eighty ninety21 29的基數(shù) twenty one twenty two twenty three twenty four twenty five twenty six twenty seven twenty eight twenty ninethirty nine forty eight fifty seven teen ty 十位數(shù)和個(gè)位數(shù)之間要加連字符號(hào) 2 百位數(shù) onehundred twohundred threehundred fourhundred fivehundredandeight six sixhundredandninety nine sevenhundredandeight eighthundredandone3 千位數(shù) onethousand fourthousand seventhousandonehundredandfive 百位數(shù)和十位數(shù)之間加and 注意 英語(yǔ)中沒(méi)有 萬(wàn) 這個(gè)單位 所以常用thousand來(lái)表示 tenthousand thirtythousand fifteenthousandonehundred fivehundredandonethousandfourhundredandthirty two 英語(yǔ)序數(shù)詞第1 19除了first second與third有特殊形式外 其余的都由基數(shù)詞加后綴 th構(gòu)成 注意 fifth eighth ninth和twelfth的拼法 2 十位數(shù)的序數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成方法是 先把十位數(shù)的基數(shù)詞的詞尾ty中的y變?yōu)閕 然后加后綴 eth 如 twenty twentieth forty fortieth3 十位數(shù)的序數(shù)詞如果含有1 9的個(gè)位數(shù)時(shí) 十位數(shù)用基數(shù)詞 個(gè)位數(shù)用序數(shù)詞 中間用 連字符 如 twenty fourth ninety fifth4 百 千 萬(wàn)等的序數(shù)詞由hundred thousand million等加 th 前面加有關(guān)的基數(shù)詞構(gòu)成 如 onehundredth onethousandth注意 序數(shù)詞前的one不能用a代替 onehundredandtwenty first Practise 1 Thereare daysinayear A threehundredssixty fiveB threehundredsandsixty fiveC threehundredandsixty fiveD threehundredandsixtyfive2 peoplevisitthismuseumeveryday A HundredB HundredsC HundredofD Hundredsof3 Therearetwo peopleinthemeetingroom A hundredB hundredsC hundredsofD hundredof4 treeshavebeenplantedinourschoolinthepast10years A ThousandsofB TwothousandsC ThousandofD Twothousandof5 Mybrotherisin A ThreeClass OneGradeB ClassThree GradeOneC GradeOne ClassThreeD classthree gradeone6 Wearegoingtolearn thisterm A booksixB sixbookC thebooksixD BookSix7 Wecansaythenumber78 645inEnglishlikethis A seventy eightthousandandsixhundredandforty fiveB seventy eightthousandsixhundredandfortyfiveC seventy eightthousandsixhundredandforty fiveD seventyeightthousandsixhundredandforty five C D A A B D C 8 Theyear1999 shouldberead Theyear A nineteenandninety nineB nineteenninety nineC onethousandninehundredandninety nineD nineteenhundredandninety nine9 Hewillcomehere tomorrowmorning A atfifthB attenC ontwoD tilltenth10 Everydayhebeginstodohishomework A attenpastsevenB atsevenpasstenC ontenpastseventhD untilten11 Wealllikethe boy A oftenyearsoldB ten year oldC attenoldD ofageoften12 Thereare monthsinayear Decemberisthe monthoftheyear A twelve twelveB twelve twelfthC twelfth twelveD twelve twelveth13 During century theworldpopulationhasalreadyreached6billion A twentyB thetwentiethC twentiethD thetwenty14 Jennywasborn A onJuly10 1987B inJuly10 1987C in1987 July10D on1987 July10 B B A B B B A 八 形容詞和副詞 形容詞是用來(lái)描寫(xiě)或修飾名詞 或代詞 的詞 副詞是用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞 形容詞 其他副詞以及全句的詞 Heisagoodstudent 2 Thefilmisveryinteresting 3 Thereissomethingwrongwiththebike 4 LucyisolderthanHelen Theproblemisverydifficult 2 Hewrotetheletterscarefully 方式副詞 carefully quickly suddenly 2 地點(diǎn)副詞 here there up down 3 時(shí)間副詞 yesterday today now 4 程度副詞 very quite much just 形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí) 比較級(jí)的用法 1 用來(lái)把彼此獨(dú)立的事和人進(jìn)行比較 表示 比 更 一些 的意思 通常用一個(gè)由從屬連詞than引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句來(lái)表示和什么相比 為了避免重復(fù) 從句中有些成分可以省略 如 HelenistallerthanLucy HegotmoreinformationthanIdid HerunsfasterthanI 2 如果我們要說(shuō)兩個(gè)東西在某一方面是一樣的 我們就可以用 as 形容詞 副詞 as 形容詞不用比較級(jí)而用原級(jí) 在作否定比較時(shí) 可以用notas as notso as 也可以用less than 如 Jimmyisastallashisfather Idon twriteas sowellasHelen Thisfilmislessinterestingthanthatone 比較級(jí)的用法 3 為了表示持續(xù)不斷的變化 我們可以用 雙重比較 的方法 這種結(jié)構(gòu)后面不可跟than引導(dǎo)的比較狀語(yǔ)從句 如 Heiscryingharderandharder Ourcountrygetsmoreandmorebeautiful Computersaregettingsmallerandsmaller andcomputingfasterandfaster 4 表示兩個(gè)變化是一起發(fā)生的 可以把比較級(jí)形式和the一起用 表示 越 就越 的意思 如 Thehigherthemountainis thethinnertheairis Theearlieryoustart thesooneryouwillbeback Practise 1 Shanghaiis thanBeijing Itis cityinourcountry large 2 Billisn tas asMike Tomis thanMike Whois ofthethreeboys old 3 Marydrawsas asBill andsheismuch thanhimatsinging well good 4 Springiscoming Theweatherisgetting and warm 5 Tom JonandIboughtacomputereachlastweek John scomputerismuch thanTom sandmine Itis ofthethree expensive 6 Itisalittle todaythanyesterday wet 7 MrsBrownismuch thanshewastwoyearsago healthy 8 Whichdoyoulike basketball volleyball orfootball well larger thelargest old older theoldest well better warmer warmer moreexpensive themostexpensive wetter healthier best Beijingersaretrue totheworld friend 2 Look How Kittyislaughing happy 3 IthinkJulyis thananyothermonthinourcountry hot 4 Shealwayslistenstotheteacher inclass care 5 Theparkisoneofthe parksinBeijing beautiful 6 ShespeaksEnglish butnotas ashisbrother good 7 Iwas bythe sound frightened frightening 8 Themusicsounds beautiful beautifully 9 Don tmakesomuchnoise oryouwillwakeupthe boy sleeping asleep 10 Yesterday sconcertwaswonderful I veneverheardsuchan onebefore excited exciting Practise friendly happily hotter carefully mostbeautiful well frightened frightening beautiful sleeping exciting Therebe的結(jié)構(gòu) 肯定句 Thereis wasa Thereare were 一般疑問(wèn)句 Is Wasthere Yes thereis was No thereisn t was Arethere Yes thereare were No therearen t weren t 否定句 Thereisn t wasn t Therearen t weren t Therebe表示 存在有 即當(dāng)我們告訴某人某事存在 或不存在 常用這種結(jié)構(gòu) 其中there是引導(dǎo)詞 本身無(wú)詞義 be為謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 后面跟的是名詞 也就是主語(yǔ) 也就是說(shuō)therebe結(jié)構(gòu)的運(yùn)用也就是倒裝的具體運(yùn)用 其真正的主語(yǔ)在therebe之后 Therebe的結(jié)構(gòu) Some和any一般情況下 some用于肯定句中 any用于否定句中 如 Thereissomemilkinthebottle Therearen tanypicturesonthewall Isthereanythingnewintoday snewspaper 3 特殊疑問(wèn)句 What sinthebasket Therearesomeeggsinit 2 Howmanystudentsarethereinyourclass Therearefiftystudents 2 Be動(dòng)詞與后面所跟名詞的就近原則 Thereisapenandtwopencilsinthebox Therearesomestudentsandateacherintheclassroom Practise 1 There noteainthecup A isB areC hasD be2 There inthenextroom A isTomB aresomeboysC aretheyD istheboy3 Thereissome ontheplate A appleB breadC bananaD sandwich4 There somepaperandapenonthedesk A isB areC haveD has5 There sgoingto intomorrow snewspapers A havesomethingnewB havenewsomethingC besomethingnewD benewsomething6 Thereissomemilkinthebottle A isn tthereB aren tthereC isn titD arethere7 isthereonthetable A HowmanyapplesB HowmuchbreadC HowmuchbreadsD Howmanyfood8 Thereis oldwomaninthecar A B aC theD an A B B A C A A D 9 There s orangetreebehind house A an theB a aC the the10 Thereis mapintheclassroom mapisonthewall A a AB the TheC a TheD the A11 Thereis f and u intheword four A an aB a aC an anD a an12 There notanywaterintheglass A hasB isC are13 There anappleandtenbananasinthebasket Youcantakeanyofthem A areB isC hasD have14 anyflowersonbothsidesofthestreet A IsthereB ArethereC HasD Have15 Thereislittlewaterintheglass A isn tthereB isn titC isitD isthere16 There somewaterinthebottle A areB isC hasD have17 Howmany arethereinyourclassroom A desksB deskC chairD door A C A B B B D B A Wh 的疑問(wèn)句 What 1 What sthis that 2 What syourname 3 Whatareyoudoing 4 Whatdoyoulike need 5 Whatdidyoudo 6 Whatishisjob 7 Whatdoyouusuallydoattheweekends 8 Whatareyougoingtodo 9 Whatcolou