主謂一致講義.doc

主謂一致主謂一致的概念。 所謂主謂一致是指“主語和謂語動詞”之間,即（主語的人稱和單復數(shù)形式）決定著（謂語動詞對應的形式）。（1） 主謂一致的種類一、【語法一致】1. 兩個或兩個以上單數(shù)名詞或者代詞作主語的時候,謂語動詞有以下兩種情況：(1) 如果指兩個或兩個以上不同的人或事物的時候,謂語動詞用_。He and she is/are both students of this school. 他和她都是這個學校的學生。（2）如果連接兩個以上的名詞指的是同一個人或物, 或者指同一概念的時候, 謂語要用_。The singer and dancer is/are going to give us a performance. 那個歌唱家兼舞蹈演員要給我們表演。The knife and fork is/are on the table. 刀叉在桌子上。2. 如果主語是的時候,謂語動詞一般用_。 When he is coming seem/seems very important. 他什么時候要來看起來很重要。 Collecting stamps is/are his hobby. 收集郵票是他的愛好。 To love her is/are not to break her wings. 愛她就不該折斷她自由飛翔的翅膀。.3. 定語從句的在從句中作主語時，要與的人稱和數(shù)_。 Those who enjoy/enjoys? singing may join us. Tom, who is /are your friend, should help you.with, along with, together with, as well as, besides, like, without, except, but, including 如果句子中有這些連接詞和主語連用,謂語動詞的數(shù)而_。例如：The teacher, together with his students, is/are planting trees in the street. 老師和他的學生們正在街道上植樹。 二、意義一致原則 指主謂一致取決于主語的其實際意義。（有的主語名詞在形式上是單數(shù), 但在意義上卻是復數(shù)；有的主語名詞在形式上是復數(shù), 但在意義上卻是單數(shù)。）不定代詞all, more, some, any, none作主語,謂語動詞視情況而定。All of the apples _rotten. 所有的蘋果都爛了。All of the apple _rotten. 整個蘋果都爛了。 None of the money_ left. 沒有剩下一點錢。None of the students _ there. 沒有學生在那里。2. the rest of; half of; part of; majority of; percent of; one third of在句子中加名詞作主語的時候,。Half of the students _finished their composition. 一半的學生已經完成了他們的作文。Half of the apple _bad. 一半的蘋果壞了。About 60 percent of the students in our school _boys. 我們學校, 大約百分之六十的學生是男生.3. 集合名詞作主語, 動詞可用單數(shù), 也可以用復數(shù)。主要由句子的意思決定。強調整體謂語動詞用單_；指全體人員時, 動詞則用_。這一類常見的集合名詞有public, family, class, crowd, population, team, group。His family _going out. 他們全家要外出。His family _all music lovers. 他們全家人都是音樂愛好者。4. 某些名詞如people, police, cattle等,形式上是單數(shù), 但意義上是復數(shù), 謂語動詞應用復數(shù)。people指“民族”時是例外。 The police _searching for a thief. The cattle _eating grass on the hill.5. 復合不定代詞作主語, 謂語動詞要用_，如someone ,somebody, something, anybody, anyone, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing。Someone _ asking for you. 有人找你。Nothing _found in the room. 在屋子里什么也沒找到。一些有兩個部分構成的名詞表示衣物或工具作主語時，謂語動詞通常用_形式，例如：glasses, clothes, trousers, shoes, compasses, chopsticks, scissors等。但如果主語用“a kind of, a pair of , a series of等加名詞”構成時，謂語動詞一般用_形式。如： The pair of shoes _ worn out. 這雙鞋破了。 The shoes _worn out. 鞋子破了。7.某些名詞以s結尾如maths, politics, physics, news, plastics 等，謂語動詞應用_。Physics is a very interesting subject. 物理是一門很有趣的學科。 如：不定代詞each, every, no所修飾的名詞，謂語動詞仍用_形式。every. and every .; each . and each .; no . and no . 在以上短語中and連接的單數(shù)名詞, 整個短語在句中作主語時, 謂語動詞常使用_。Each boy and each girl want/wants? to go to the cinema. Each man and each woman are/is? asked to attend. Every boy and every girl in the class are/is? diligent. 班級中的每個男孩女孩都很用功。No sound and no voice are/is? heard. 聽不到任何聲音。9. 以a number of 作主語時, 謂語動詞用_; 以the number of 作主語時, 謂語動詞用_。 A number of new books is/are? on the desk. The number of students in you class are/is? 50.10. 有些名詞的單數(shù)和復數(shù)形式一樣, 作主語的時候, 其謂語動詞由上下文決定, 這一類名詞有: means, works, deer, fish, sheep, Chinese, Japanese等。 Not every means are/is? useful. 不是每種方法都好使。 Not all means are/is? useful. 不是所有的方法都好使。11.如果主語有more than one很多 非?；騧any a許多構成，one and a half與單數(shù)名詞組成的短語。盡管從意義上看是復數(shù)內容，但它的謂語動詞仍用_形式。如：More than one student have/has? read the book. Many a girl have/has? been there. 但是，“more +復數(shù)名詞+than one”結構之后，謂語動詞一般多用_形式。如：More members than one is/are? against your plan. A pair of shoes were/was? on the desk. Many a boy has/have? seen it. 許多孩子都看到了。12. 書刊名、時間、距離、價格、度量衡等的復數(shù)名詞作主語時, 謂語動詞常用_。 Thirty years are/is not a long time. Roots are/is a famous American novel.三、就近原則either . or; neither . nor; not only . but also, whether.or在句子中連接主語的時候或者在there be句型中,謂語動詞要和就近的主語_。Neither you nor I are/am? wrong. There are/is? a cup of tea and some apples on the table.Not only the students but also the teacher wish/wishes? for a holiday.注意事項this kind of book = a book of this kind (這種書) , 其謂語用_; 短語this kind of men = men of this kind = these kind of men (口語) (這一類人), 但this kind of men 的謂語用_, men of this kind 和these kind of men 的謂語用復數(shù), all kinds of 后跟復數(shù)名詞, 謂語用_形式。例如：This kind of men is/are? dangerous.Men of this kind is/are? dangerous.2. 在主謂倒裝的句子中,謂語動詞的數(shù)應與其后的主語_。例如: Between the two windows hang/hangs? a picture.3. “分數(shù)或百分數(shù)+名詞”構成的短語以及由“ a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a large quantity of, a heap of, heaps of, half of + 名詞”構成的短語作主語時,其謂語動詞要與短語中of 后面的名詞的數(shù)_,這是因為短語中后面的名詞是_,而短語中前面的量詞是_。例如:Lots of damage were/was? caused by fire.About three-fourths of the earths surface are/is covered with water.Three-fifths of the workers here are/is women.和這種情況類似的還有“a number of + 名詞復數(shù)”。但是,“the number of + 名詞”的中心詞卻是number。試比較：A number of students has/have gone to the countryside to help with the autumn harvest.The number of pages in this book is/are two hundred.a (large) quantity of 修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞, 其短語作主語時,謂語動詞用_。A large quantity of people are/is needed here.quantities of 修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞,其短語作主語時,謂語動詞一般用_。例如:Quantities of food (nuts) was/were on the table.短語in quantity, in large quantities 意為 “大量”; in small quantities 意為“少量”。 4. a great deal of, a large amount of, 修飾不可數(shù)名詞, 其短語作主語時, 謂語動詞通常用_; large amounts of 修飾不可數(shù)名詞, 其短語作主語時, 謂語動詞通常用_。例如:5. 表示數(shù)量的one and a ha