主謂一致講義.doc

主謂一致主謂一致的概念。 所謂主謂一致是指“主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞”之間,即（主語(yǔ)的人稱和單復(fù)數(shù)形式）決定著（謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞對(duì)應(yīng)的形式）。（1） 主謂一致的種類一、【語(yǔ)法一致】1. 兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上單數(shù)名詞或者代詞作主語(yǔ)的時(shí)候,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有以下兩種情況：(1) 如果指兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上不同的人或事物的時(shí)候,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用_。He and she is/are both students of this school. 他和她都是這個(gè)學(xué)校的學(xué)生。（2）如果連接兩個(gè)以上的名詞指的是同一個(gè)人或物, 或者指同一概念的時(shí)候, 謂語(yǔ)要用_。The singer and dancer is/are going to give us a performance. 那個(gè)歌唱家兼舞蹈演員要給我們表演。The knife and fork is/are on the table. 刀叉在桌子上。2. 如果主語(yǔ)是的時(shí)候,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用_。 When he is coming seem/seems very important. 他什么時(shí)候要來(lái)看起來(lái)很重要。 Collecting stamps is/are his hobby. 收集郵票是他的愛(ài)好。 To love her is/are not to break her wings. 愛(ài)她就不該折斷她自由飛翔的翅膀。.3. 定語(yǔ)從句的在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，要與的人稱和數(shù)_。 Those who enjoy/enjoys? singing may join us. Tom, who is /are your friend, should help you.with, along with, together with, as well as, besides, like, without, except, but, including 如果句子中有這些連接詞和主語(yǔ)連用,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)而_。例如：The teacher, together with his students, is/are planting trees in the street. 老師和他的學(xué)生們正在街道上植樹(shù)。 二、意義一致原則 指主謂一致取決于主語(yǔ)的其實(shí)際意義。（有的主語(yǔ)名詞在形式上是單數(shù), 但在意義上卻是復(fù)數(shù)；有的主語(yǔ)名詞在形式上是復(fù)數(shù), 但在意義上卻是單數(shù)。）不定代詞all, more, some, any, none作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞視情況而定。All of the apples _rotten. 所有的蘋果都爛了。All of the apple _rotten. 整個(gè)蘋果都爛了。 None of the money_ left. 沒(méi)有剩下一點(diǎn)錢。None of the students _ there. 沒(méi)有學(xué)生在那里。2. the rest of; half of; part of; majority of; percent of; one third of在句子中加名詞作主語(yǔ)的時(shí)候,。Half of the students _finished their composition. 一半的學(xué)生已經(jīng)完成了他們的作文。Half of the apple _bad. 一半的蘋果壞了。About 60 percent of the students in our school _boys. 我們學(xué)校, 大約百分之六十的學(xué)生是男生.3. 集合名詞作主語(yǔ), 動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù), 也可以用復(fù)數(shù)。主要由句子的意思決定。強(qiáng)調(diào)整體謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單_；指全體人員時(shí), 動(dòng)詞則用_。這一類常見(jiàn)的集合名詞有public, family, class, crowd, population, team, group。His family _going out. 他們?nèi)乙獬觥is family _all music lovers. 他們?nèi)胰硕际且魳?lè)愛(ài)好者。4. 某些名詞如people, police, cattle等,形式上是單數(shù), 但意義上是復(fù)數(shù), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。people指“民族”時(shí)是例外。 The police _searching for a thief. The cattle _eating grass on the hill.5. 復(fù)合不定代詞作主語(yǔ), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用_，如someone ,somebody, something, anybody, anyone, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing。Someone _ asking for you. 有人找你。Nothing _found in the room. 在屋子里什么也沒(méi)找到。一些有兩個(gè)部分構(gòu)成的名詞表示衣物或工具作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用_形式，例如：glasses, clothes, trousers, shoes, compasses, chopsticks, scissors等。但如果主語(yǔ)用“a kind of, a pair of , a series of等加名詞”構(gòu)成時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用_形式。如： The pair of shoes _ worn out. 這雙鞋破了。 The shoes _worn out. 鞋子破了。7.某些名詞以s結(jié)尾如maths, politics, physics, news, plastics 等，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用_。Physics is a very interesting subject. 物理是一門很有趣的學(xué)科。 如：不定代詞each, every, no所修飾的名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用_形式。every. and every .; each . and each .; no . and no . 在以上短語(yǔ)中and連接的單數(shù)名詞, 整個(gè)短語(yǔ)在句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常使用_。Each boy and each girl want/wants? to go to the cinema. Each man and each woman are/is? asked to attend. Every boy and every girl in the class are/is? diligent. 班級(jí)中的每個(gè)男孩女孩都很用功。No sound and no voice are/is? heard. 聽(tīng)不到任何聲音。9. 以a number of 作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用_; 以the number of 作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用_。 A number of new books is/are? on the desk. The number of students in you class are/is? 50.10. 有些名詞的單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)形式一樣, 作主語(yǔ)的時(shí)候, 其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞由上下文決定, 這一類名詞有: means, works, deer, fish, sheep, Chinese, Japanese等。 Not every means are/is? useful. 不是每種方法都好使。 Not all means are/is? useful. 不是所有的方法都好使。11.如果主語(yǔ)有more than one很多 非?；騧any a許多構(gòu)成，one and a half與單數(shù)名詞組成的短語(yǔ)。盡管從意義上看是復(fù)數(shù)內(nèi)容，但它的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用_形式。如：More than one student have/has? read the book. Many a girl have/has? been there. 但是，“more +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+than one”結(jié)構(gòu)之后，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般多用_形式。如：More members than one is/are? against your plan. A pair of shoes were/was? on the desk. Many a boy has/have? seen it. 許多孩子都看到了。12. 書刊名、時(shí)間、距離、價(jià)格、度量衡等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用_。 Thirty years are/is not a long time. Roots are/is a famous American novel.三、就近原則either . or; neither . nor; not only . but also, whether.or在句子中連接主語(yǔ)的時(shí)候或者在there be句型中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要和就近的主語(yǔ)_。Neither you nor I are/am? wrong. There are/is? a cup of tea and some apples on the table.Not only the students but also the teacher wish/wishes? for a holiday.注意事項(xiàng)this kind of book = a book of this kind (這種書) , 其謂語(yǔ)用_; 短語(yǔ)this kind of men = men of this kind = these kind of men (口語(yǔ)) (這一類人), 但this kind of men 的謂語(yǔ)用_, men of this kind 和these kind of men 的謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù), all kinds of 后跟復(fù)數(shù)名詞, 謂語(yǔ)用_形式。例如：This kind of men is/are? dangerous.Men of this kind is/are? dangerous.2. 在主謂倒裝的句子中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的主語(yǔ)_。例如: Between the two windows hang/hangs? a picture.3. “分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)以及由“ a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a large quantity of, a heap of, heaps of, half of + 名詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與短語(yǔ)中of 后面的名詞的數(shù)_,這是因?yàn)槎陶Z(yǔ)中后面的名詞是_,而短語(yǔ)中前面的量詞是_。例如:Lots of damage were/was? caused by fire.About three-fourths of the earths surface are/is covered with water.Three-fifths of the workers here are/is women.和這種情況類似的還有“a number of + 名詞復(fù)數(shù)”。但是,“the number of + 名詞”的中心詞卻是number。試比較：A number of students has/have gone to the countryside to help with the autumn harvest.The number of pages in this book is/are two hundred.a (large) quantity of 修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞, 其短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用_。A large quantity of people are/is needed here.quantities of 修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞,其短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用_。例如:Quantities of food (nuts) was/were on the table.短語(yǔ)in quantity, in large quantities 意為 “大量”; in small quantities 意為“少量”。 4. a great deal of, a large amount of, 修飾不可數(shù)名詞, 其短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用_; large amounts of 修飾不可數(shù)名詞, 其短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用_。例如:5. 表示數(shù)量的one and a ha