2010年北京高考英語閱讀理解五篇及解析.doc

高考復(fù)習(xí)：2010年北京高考英語閱讀理解五篇及解析 第一節(jié)：閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。AGoldies SecretShe turned up at the doorstep of my house in Cornwall. No way could I have sent her away. No way, not me anyway. Maybe someone had kicked her out of their car the night before. Were moving house.; No space for her any more with the baby coming. We never really wanted her, but what could we have done? She was a present. People find all sorts of excuses for abandoning an animal. And she was one of the most beautiful dogs I had ever seen.I called her Goldie. If I had known what was going to happen I would have given her a more creative name. She was so unsettled during those first few days. She hardly ate anything and had such an air of sadness about her. There was nothing I could do to make her happy, it seemed. Heaven knows what had happened to her at her previous owners. But eventually at the end of the first week she calmed down. Always by my side, whether we were out on one of our long walks or sitting by the fire.Thats why it was such a shock when she pulled away from me one day when we were out for a walk. We were a long way from home, when she started barking and getting very restless. Eventually I couldnt hold her any longer and she raced off down the road towards a farmhouse in the distance as fast as she could.By the time I reached the farm I was very tired and upset with Goldie. But when I saw her licking (舔) the four puppies (幼犬) I started to feel sympathy towards them. We didnt know what had happened to her, said the woman at the door. I took her for a walk one day, soon after the puppies were born, and she just disappeared. She must have tried to come back to them and got lost, added a boy from behind her. I must admit I do miss Goldie, but Ive got Nugget now, and she looks just like her mother. And Ive learnt a good lesson: not to judge people.56. How did the author feel about Goldie when Goldie came to the house?A. Shocked. B. Sympathetic. C. Annoyed. D. Upset.57. In her first few days at the authors house, Goldie .AI felt worried B. was angryC. ate a little D. sat by the fire58. Goldie rushed off to a farmhouse one day because she .A. saw her puppies B. heard familiar barkingC. wanted to leave the author D. found her way to her old home59. The passage is organized in order of .A. time B. effectiveness C. importance D. complexityBOpen Letter to an EditorI had an interesting conversation with a reporter recently-one who works for you. In fact, hes one of your best reporters. He wants to leave.Your reporter gave me a copy of his resume (簡歷) and photocopies of six stories that he wrote for you. The headlines showed you played them proudly. With great enthusiasm, he talked about how he finds issues (問題), approaches them, and writes about them, which tells me he is one of your best. Im sure you would hate to lose him. Surprisingly, your reporter is not unhappy. In fact, he told me he really likes his job. He has a great assignment (分工), and said you run a great paper. It would be easy for you to keep him, he said. He knows that the paper values him. He appreciates the responsibility youve given him, takes ownership of his profession, and enjoys his freedom.So why is he looking for a way out?He talked to me because he wants his editors to demand so much more of him. He wants to be pushed, challenged, and coached to new heights.The reporter believes that good stories spring from good questions, but his editors usually ask how long the story will be, when it will be in, where it can play, and what the budget is.He longs for conversations with an editor who will help him turn his good ideas into great ones. He wants someone to get excited about what hes doing and to help him turn his story idea upside down and inside out, exploring the best ways to report it. He wants to be more valuable for your paper. Thats what you want for him, too, isnt it?So your reporter has set me thinking.Our best hope in keeping our best reporters, copy editors, photographers, artists-everyone-is to work harder to make sure they get the help they are demanding to reach their potential. If we cant do it, theyll find someone who can.60. What does the writer think of the reporter? /gaokao/beijingA. Optimistic. B. Imaginative. C. Ambitious. D. Proud.61. What does the reporter want most from his editors in their talks?A. Finding the news value of his stories. B. Giving him financial support.C. Helping him to find issues. D. Improving his good ideas.62. Who probably wrote the letter?A. An editor. B. An artist. C. A reporter. D. A reader.63. The letter aims to remind editors that they should _A. keep their best reporters at all costsB. give more freedom to their reportersC. be aware of their reporters professional developmentD. appreciate their reporters working styles and attitudesCPacing and PausingSara tried to befriend her old friend Steves new wife, but Betty never seemed to have anything to say. While Sara felt Betty didnt hold up her end of the conversation, Betty complained to Steve that Sara never gave her a chance to talk. The problem had to do with expectations about pacing and pausing.Conversation is a turn-taking game. When our habits are similar, theres no problem. But if our habits are different, you may start to talk before Im finished or fail to take your turn when Im finished. Thats what was happening with Betty and Sara.It may not be coincidental that Betty, who expected relatively longer pauses between turns, is British, and Sara, who expected relatively shorter pauses, is American. Betty often felt interrupted by Sara. But Betty herself became an interrupter and found herself doing most of the talking when she met a visitor from Finland. And Sara had a hard time cutting in on some speakers from Latin America or Israel.The general phenomenon, then, is that the small conversation techniques, like pacing and pausing, lead people to draw conclusions not about conversational style but about personality and abilities. These habitual differences are often the basis for dangerous stereotyping (思維定式). And these social phenomena can have very personal consequences. For example, a woman from the southwestern part of the US went to live in an eastern city to take up a job in personnel. When the Personnel Department got together for meetings, she kept searching for the right time to break in-and never found it. Although back home she was considered outgoing and confident, in Washington she was viewed as shy and retiring. When she was evaluated at the end of the year, she was told to take a training course because of her inability to speak up.Thats why slight differences in conversational style-tiny little things like microseconds of pause-can have a great effect on ones life. The result in this case was a judgment of psychological problems-even in the mind of the woman herself, who really wondered what was wrong with her and registered for assertiveness training.64. What did Sara think of Betty when talking with her?A. Betty was talkative.B. Betty was an interrupter.C. Betty did not take her turn.D. Betty paid no attention to Sara.65. According to the passage, who are likely to expect the shortest pauses between turns?A. Americans. B. Israelis. C. The British. D. The Finns.66. We can learn from the passage that _A. communication breakdown results from short pauses and fast pacingB. women are unfavorably stereotyped in eastern cities of the USC. ones inability to speak up is culturally determined sometimesD. one should receive training to build up ones confidence67. The underlined word assertiveness in the last paragraph probably means _A. being willing to speak ones mindB. being able to increase ones powerC. being ready to make ones own judgmentD. being quick to express ones ideas confidentlyDThe Cost of Higher EducationIndividuals (個人) should pay for their higher education.A university education is of huge and direct benefit to the individual. Graduates earn more than non-graduates. Meanwhile, social mobility is ever more dependent on having a degree. However, only some people have it. So the individual, not the taxpayers, should pay for it. There are pressing calls on the resources (資源) of the government. Using taxpayers money to help a small number of people to earn high incomes in the future is not one of them.Full government funding (資助) is not very good for universities. Adam Smith worked in a Scottish university whose teachers lived off student fees. He knew and looked down upon 18th-century Oxford, where the academics lived comfortably off the income received from the government. Guaranteed salaries, Smith argued, were the enemy of hard work; and when the academics were lazy and incompetent, the students were similarly lazy.If students have to pay for their education, they not only work harder, but also demand more from their teachers. And their teachers have to keep them satisfied. If that means taking teaching seriously, and giving less time to their own research interests, that is surely something to celebrate.Many people believe that higher education should be free because it is good for the economy (經(jīng)濟). Many graduates clearly do contribute to national wealth, but so do all the businesses that invest (投資) and create jobs. If you believe that the government should pay for higher education because graduates are economically productive, you should also believe that the government should pay part of business costs. Anyone promising to create jobs should receive a gift of capital from the government to invest. Therefore, it is the individual, not the government, who should pay for their university education.68. The underlined word them in Paragraph 2 refers toA. taxpayers B. pressing callsC. college graduates D. government resources69. The author thinks that with full government fundingA. teachers are less satisfiedB. students are more demandingC. students will become more competentD. teachers will spend less time on teaching70. The author mentions businesses in Paragraph 5 in order toA. argue against free university educationB. call on them to finance students studiesC. encourage graduates to go into businessD. show their contribution to higher education第二節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2分，共10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。MuzakThe next time you go into a bank, a store, or a supermarket, stop and listen. What do you hear? 71 Its similar to the music you listen to, but its not exactly the same. Thats because this music was especially designed to relax you, or to give you extra energy. Sometimes you dont even realize the music is playing, but you react to the music anyway.Quiet background music used to be called elevator (電梯) music because we often heard it in elevators. But lately we hear it in more and more places, and it has a new name Muzak. About one-third of the people in America listen to Muzak everyday. The music plays for 15 minutes at a time, with short pauses in between. It is always more lively between ten and eleven in the morning, and between three and four in the afternoon, when people are more tired. 72If you listen to Muzak carefully, you will probably recognize the names of many of the songs. Some musicians or songwriters dont want their songs to be used as Muzak, but others are happy when their songs are chosen. Why? 73Music is often played in public places because it is designed to make people feel less lonely when they are in an airport or a hotel. It has been proven that Muzak doeswhat it is designed to do. Tired office workers suddenly have more energy when they hear the pleasant sound of Muzak in the background. 74 Supermarket shoppers buy 38 percent more groceries.75 . They say its boring to hear the same songs all the time. But other people enjoy hearing Muzak in public places. They say it helps them relax and feel calm. One way or another, Muzak affects everyone. Some farmers even say their cows give more milk when they hear Muzak!A. Some people dont like Muzak. /gaokao/beijingB. The music gives them extra energy.C. Music is playing in the background.D. Factory workers produce 13 percent more.E. Muzak tends to help people understand music better.F. They get as much as $4 million a year if their songs are used.G. Muzak is played in most of the big supermarkets in the world.2010年高考北京英語卷閱讀理解分析今年是新課改第一年，閱讀理解部分增加了新題型七選五，命題難度降低是情理之中的。但經(jīng)過一年的試水，師生們適應(yīng)新課改的思路后，明年難度很有可能會升上去。這樣，對今年的閱讀理解試題的專業(yè)分析非常有必要。今年的閱讀理解題遵循2010年高考考試說明，題型與往年保持了一致，難度稍有降低。文章本身和所附問題總詞數(shù)約2300詞，在往年2000-2200的詞數(shù)基礎(chǔ)上稍有增加。全面考察了細節(jié)題、推斷題、文章結(jié)構(gòu)題、詞義猜測題。在選材上覆蓋面廣，語言地道，文體特征鮮明。文章體裁和主要內(nèi)容介紹夾敘夾議：通過記敘作者與一只被遺棄的小狗的故事，說明不應(yīng)該輕易對他人的行為下定論。（A篇）應(yīng)用文：一位主編的公開信，勸說同行要注重手下記者的職業(yè)發(fā)展，激發(fā)他們的潛能。（B篇）說明文：介紹不同文化背景的人有不同的談話節(jié)奏，及其帶來的問題。（C篇）議論文：支持高等教育應(yīng)該由受教育人自付費用。（D篇）說明文：介紹繆扎克音樂(一種通過線路向機場、商場、餐館等播放的背景錄音音樂)。（E篇）與往年比較的變化1每一篇文章都加上了標題：一定程度上降低了考試難度，幫助學(xué)生把握文章的中心意思。2應(yīng)用文消失：今年閱讀理解形式上保留了應(yīng)用文，因為B篇體裁仍為書信，實則為說理性質(zhì)，增加了考題的難度。答案解析及技巧運用A篇閱讀技巧：夾敘夾議，敘為議服務(wù)，議為敘指導(dǎo)。把握了這句話就把握了閱讀此類文章的真諦。敘述不分重點關(guān)注人物，情節(jié)的變化；議論一定看清楚作者想表明的道理。答題技巧：本篇題目由3個細節(jié)題和一道文章結(jié)構(gòu)題組成，難度都不大。細節(jié)題要求學(xué)生把握文章中的原文，做合理推斷和轉(zhuǎn)述。比如57題，將unsettled理解成worried。文章結(jié)構(gòu)題基本屬于送分題，要求學(xué)生作答，此篇記敘文按照時間順序發(fā)展。56.B情緒推斷，較難題。此推斷題的難點在于，原文沒有直接的形容詞表述，要求學(xué)生通過具體的描述總結(jié)。原文第2段She hardly ate anything and had such an air of sadness about her. There was nothing I could do to make her happy, it seemed. Heaven knows what had happened to her at her previous owners.劃線句子表明作者同情被遺棄的小狗，希望幫助它高興起來。57.A細節(jié)題，較難題。要做對此題主要要排除C項的干擾，原文第2段She hardly ate anything and had such an air of sadness about her. hardly ate anything的表述與ate little是不一樣的。前者是幾乎什么都不吃，后者是吃得少，此錯誤選項屬于改變否定/肯定的程度。58.D原因推斷題，簡單題，通過原文第4段的描寫可得正確答案。59.A問文章的行文結(jié)構(gòu)，簡單題，此篇記敘文按照時間順序發(fā)展。B篇閱讀技巧：第一段出現(xiàn)重要信息：特殊標點破折號和隱性轉(zhuǎn)折詞in fact，因此后面信息極其重要：寫信給一個編輯說他的reporter很棒，但是要離開了；第二段要把握兩個中文注釋，此reporter給作者簡歷并充滿熱情地向其描述了自身特質(zhì);第三段平淡無奇，機械尋找重要信息出處in fact，故得知該reporter干一行愛一行，精神可嘉;接著第四段一個問句，基本預(yù)示情節(jié)的轉(zhuǎn)折，一眼即得知下面要詳細闡述該reporter要離開的原因;繼續(xù)往下，重要信息處稍微留意，即轉(zhuǎn)折詞but，因果詞so,最后段的最高級best句，以及有特殊標點出現(xiàn)的最后一句。通過這幾處內(nèi)容的梳理，文意會變得清晰很多-年輕記者需要主編充分發(fā)揮他們的潛能，在競爭與挑戰(zhàn)中尋求職業(yè)發(fā)展。答題技巧：此篇的4個題目包括3個推斷題，其中包括對人物態(tài)度、作者身份、寫作目的的推斷。人物態(tài)度要求學(xué)生具備將具體描述wants to be coached to new heights等轉(zhuǎn)換成形容詞表述的能力；作者身份推斷題要求學(xué)生學(xué)會通過人稱代詞our判斷；寫作目的要求學(xué)生對全文的把握能力。60.C判斷推理題，難題。原文He wants to be pushed, challenged, coached to new heights.要通過劃線處的具體描述總結(jié)出ambitious這個詞：有抱負的。61.D細節(jié)題，較難題。困難之處在于不好定位原文，故用排除法。從選項中找關(guān)鍵詞，逐個排查，得出正確選項D.62.A推斷作者身份，較難題。此類型題目把握方法很簡單：文章對象（主編）+人稱(our)，不難得出正確答案作者也是主編。63.C考查文章寫作目的，較難題。抓住文章結(jié)尾是王道：Our best hope Our best hope in keeping our best reporters, copy editors, photographers, artists-everyone-is to work harder to make sure they get the help they are demanding to reach their potential再結(jié)合前面60題的答案，不難選出正確答案。C篇閱讀技巧：開篇復(fù)雜的人物關(guān)系，以及第三段幾個國家之間的復(fù)雜對比是學(xué)生閱讀的最大困難。攻略：1.動筆：中國學(xué)生對英語名字太不敏感，請劃出來。2.再難讀說明文的目標不變：找出文章說明對象是什么。答題技巧：包括3個細節(jié)題和一個詞義猜測題，其中65題細節(jié)比較排序題是亮點，要求學(xué)生從復(fù)雜的表述中理清順序，區(qū)別出哪國人的說話節(jié)奏最快。64.C細節(jié)題，難題。難在弄不清誰是S誰是B，耐心讀，動筆劃，從第一段得出正確答案并不難：Sara felt Betty didnt hold up her end of the conversation65.B細節(jié)排序題，難題。還是耐心讀，動筆劃。S代表美國人，B代表英國人（加起來？），S比B期待談話間隙時間更短，又在以色列人(Israelis)說話時插不上嘴，故答案選說話嗒嗒嗒嗒的以色列人。66.C變態(tài)細節(jié)題，較難題。A不符原文，B無中生有，D無中生有，C關(guān)鍵要理解culturally determined，由文化決定或者受文化影響。67.A詞義猜測題，較難。難點在于A選項的干擾作用。原文說那位MM的inability to speak up注意別人認為她沒能力，不是說她不愿意。所以D比A好，此處用反義對比方法。D篇閱讀技巧：此篇議論文難度較低。把握議論文的閱讀兩步：1.作者想說服你什么？2.分了幾個并列的點來說服你？答題技巧：此篇包括2個推斷題和1個細節(jié)題。其中68題要求學(xué)生找出them的所指，對學(xué)生分析代詞的所指提出了更高的要求，此項技能在完型和閱讀中都有體現(xiàn)；70題屬于基于議論文結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)問，問最后一段的例子在文章中的作用，對議論文的結(jié)構(gòu)和寫作模式有了解的同學(xué)都可以輕松應(yīng)答。68.B推斷代詞所指，較難題。There