（試題 試卷 真題）專題16 閱讀理解之傳記類(lèi)（解析版）

專題16 閱讀理解之傳記類(lèi)【2014高考試題】1.（2014廣東卷）ASamuel Osmond is a 19-year-old law student from Cornwall, England. He never studied the piano. However, he can play very difficult musical pieces by musicians such as Chopin and Beethoven just a few minutes after he hears them. He learns a piece of music by listening to it in parts. Then he thinks about the notes in his head. Two years ago, he played his first piece Moonlight Sonata（奏鳴曲）by Beethoven. He surprised everyone around him.Amazed that he remembered this long and difficult piece of music and played it perfectly, his teachers say Samuel is unbelievable .They say his ability is very rare, but Samuel doesnt even realize that what he can do is special. Samuel wanted to become a lawyer as it was the wish of his parents, but music teachers told him he should study music instead. Now, he studies law and music.Samuel cant understand why everyone is so surprised. “I grew up with music. My mother played the piano and my father played the guitar. About two years ago, I suddenly decided to start playing the piano, without being able to read music and without having any lessons. It comes easily to me -I hear the notes and can bear them in mind-each and every note,” says Samuel.Recently, Samuel performed a piece during a special event at his college. The piece had more than a thousand notes. The audience was impressed by his amazing performance. He is now learning a piece that is so difficult that many professional pianists cant play it. Samuel says confidently,” Its all about super memory-I guess I have that gift.”However, Samuels ability to remember things doesnt stop with music. His family says that even when he was a young boy, Samuel heard someone read a story, and then he could retell the story word for word.Samuel is still only a teenager. He doesnt know what he wants to do in the future. For now, he is just happy to play beautiful music and continue his studies.26. What is special about Samuel Osmond? A. He has a gift for writing music.B. He can write down the note he hears.C. He is a top student at the law school.D. He can play the musical piece he hears.27. What can we learn from Paragraph 2?A. Samuel chose law against the wish of his parents.B. Samuel planned to be a lawyer rather than a musician.C. Samuel thinks of himself as a man of great musical ability.D. Samuel studies law and music on the advice of his teachers.28. Everyone around Samuel was surprised because he _.A. received a good early education in musicB. played the guitar and the piano perfectlyC. could play the piano without reading musicD. could play the guitar better than his father29. What can we infer about Samuel in Paragraph 4?A. He became famous during a special event at his college.B. He is proud of his ability to remember things accurately.C. He plays the piano better than many professional pianists.D. He impressed the audience by playing all the musical pieces.30. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?A. The Qualities of a MusicianB. The Story of a Musical TalentC. The Importance of Early EducationD. The Relationship between Memory and Music.本句可知他原來(lái)計(jì)劃是學(xué)習(xí)法律的。故B正確。2.（2014江西卷） A Larry was on another of his underwater expeditions(探險(xiǎn))but this time, it was different. He decided to take his daughter along with him. She was only ten years old. This would be her first trip with her father on what he had always been famous for. Larry first began diving when he was his daughters age. Similarly, his father had taken him along on one of his expeditions. Since then, he had never looked back. Larry started out by renting diving suits from the small diving shop just along the shore. He had hated them. They were either too big or too small. Then, there was the instructor. He gave him a short lesson before allowing him into the water with his father. He had made an exception. Larry would never have been able to go down without at least five hours of theory and another similar number of hours on practical lessons with a guide. Children his age were not even allowed to dive. After the first expedition, Larrys later diving adventures only got better and better. There was never a dull moment. In his black and blue suit and with an oxygen tank fastened on his back, Larry dived from boats into the middle of the ocean. Dangerous areas did not prevent him from continuing his search. Sometimes, his was limited to a cage underwater but that did not bother him. At least, he was still able to take photographs of the underwater creatures. Larrys first expedition without his father was in the Cayman Islands.There were numerous diving spots in the area and Larry was determined to visit all of them .Fortunately for him,a man offered to take him around the different spots for free. Larry didnt even know what the time was how many spots he dived into or how many photographs he had taken.The diving spots afforded such a wide array of fish and sea creatures that Larry saw more than thirty varieties of creatures.Larry looked at his daughter.She looked as excited as he had been when he was her age.He hoped she would be able to continue the family tradition.Already,she looked like she was much braver than had been then.This was the key to a successful underwater expedition.56.In what way was this expedition different for Larry?A.His daughter had grown up.B.He had become a famous diver.C.His father would dive with him.D.His daughter would dive with him.57.What can be inferred from Paragraph2?A.Larry had some privileges.B. Larry liked the rented diving suits.C.Divers had to buy diving equipment.D.Ten-year-old children were permitted to dive.58.Why did Larry have to stay in a cage underwater sometimes?A.To protect himself from danger.B.To dive into the deep water.C.To admire the underwater view.D.To take photo more conveniently.59.What can be learned from the underlined sentence?A.Larry didnt wear a watch.B. Larry was not good at math.C. Larry had a poor memory.D. Larry enjoyed the adventure.60.What did Larry expect his daughter to do?A.Become a successful diver.B. Make a good diving guide.C. Take a lot of photos underwater.D. Have longer hours of training.60. 【答案】A 【解析】推理題。根據(jù)文章最后一段1，2行Larry looked at his daughter.She looked as excited as he had been when he was her age.He hoped she would be able to continue the family tradition.可知他希望女兒能夠繼續(xù)家庭的傳統(tǒng)。他的父親是一名潛水員，他也是。那么他也希望自己的女兒也成為一名成功的潛水員。故A正確。【長(zhǎng)難句解析】This would be her first trip with her father on what he had always been famous for.【翻譯】這將是他第一次和他父親在他很出名的領(lǐng)域里一起旅游。【分析】本句中的介詞on后面有一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句what he had always been famous for.，what引導(dǎo)起這個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，并在句中充當(dāng)介詞for的賓語(yǔ)。3.（2014山東卷）CElizabeth Freeman was born about 1742 to African American parents who were slaves. At the age of six months she was acquired, along with her sister, by John Ashley, a wealthy Massachusetts slaveholders. She became known as “Mumbet” or “Mum Bett.” For nearly 30 years Mumbet served the Ashley family. One day, Ashleys wife tried to strike Mumbets sister with a spade. Mumbet protected her sister and took the blow instead. Furious, she left the house and refused to come back. When the Ashleys tried to make her return, Mumbet consulted a lawyer, Theodore Sedgewick. With his help, Mumbet sued(起訴) for her freedom. While serving the Ashleys, Mumbet had listened to many discussions of the new Massachusetts constitution. If the constitution said that all people were free and equal, then she thought it should apply to her. Eventually, Mumbet won her freedom- the first slave in Massachusetts to do so under the new constitution. Strangely enough, after the trial, the Ashleys asked Mumbet to come back and work for them as a paid employee. She declined and instead went to work for Segdewick. Mumbet died in 1829, but her legacy lived on in her many descendants(后裔). One of her great-grandchildren was W.E.B. Du Bois, one of the founder of the NAACP, and an important writer and spokesperson for African American civil rights. Mumbets tombstone still stands in the Massachusetts cemetery where she was buried. It reads, in part: “She was born a slave and remained a slave and remained a slave for nearly thirty years. She could neither read nor write, yet in her own sphere she had no superior or equal.” 51. What do we know about Mumbet according to Paragraph 1? A. She was born a slave B. She was a slaveholder C. She had a famous sister D. She was born into a rich family 52. Why did Mumbet run away from the Ashleys? A. She found an employer B. She wanted to be a lawyer C. She was hit and got angry D. She had to take care of her sister 53. What did Mumbet learn from discussions about the new consititution? A. She should always obey her owners orders B. She should be as free and equal as whites C. How to be a good servant D. How to apply for a job 54. What did Mumbet do after the trial? A. She chose to work for a lawyer B. She found the NAACP C. She continued to serve the Ashleys D. She went to live with her grandchildren 55. What is the test mainly about? A. A story of a famous writer and spokesperson B. The friendship between a lawyer and a slave C. The life of a brave African American woman D. A trial that shocked the whole world 53. 【答案】B 【解析】推理題。根據(jù)文章第三段前3行While serving the Ashleys, Mumbet had listened to many discussions of the new Massachusetts constitution. If the constitution said that all people were free and equal, then she thought it should apply to her.可知她一直在了解與憲法有關(guān)的內(nèi)容，目的是為了獲得和白人一樣的平等權(quán)利。故B正確?！?013高考試題】（2013新課標(biāo)卷)A Doctor are known to be terrible pilots. They dont listen because they already know it all. I was lucky: I became a pilot in 1970, almost ten years before I graduated from medical school. I didnt realize then, but becoming a pilot makes me a better surgeon. I loved flying. As I flew bigger, faster planes, and in worse weather. I learned about crew resource management (機(jī)組資源管理), or CRM, a new idea to make flying safer. It means that crew members should listen and speak up for a good result, regardless of positions. I first read about CRM in 1980. Not long after that, an attending doctor and I were flying in bad weather. The controller had us turn too late to get our landing ready. The attending doctor was flying; I was safety pilot He was so busy because of the bad turn, he had forgotten to put the landing gear (起落架) down. He was a better pilot - and my boss - so it felt unusual to speak up. But I had to: Our lives were in danger. I put aside my uneasiness and said, We need to put the landing gear down now! That was my first real lesson in the power of CRM, and Ive used it in the operating room ever since.CRM requires that the pilot/surgeon encourage others to speak up. It further requires that when opinions are from the opposite, the doctor doesnt overreact, which might prevent fellow doctors from voicing opinions again. So when Im in the operating room, I ask for ideas and help from others. Sometimes theyre not willing to speak up. But I hope that if I continue to encourage them , someday someone will keep me from “l(fā)anding gear up”.36.What dose the author say about doctors in general? A. They like flying by themselves.B. They are unwilling to take advice.C. They pretend to be good pilots.D. They are quick learners of CRM.【小題36】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一行的Doctor are known to be terrible pilots. They dont listen because they already know it all.可知，作者總體上認(rèn)為doctors不喜歡傾聽(tīng)，他們認(rèn)為他們什么都懂。故選B。37.The author deepened his understanding of the power of CRM when_. A. he saved the plane by speaking upB. he was in charge of a flying taskC. his boss landed the plane too lateD. his boss operated on a patient【小題37】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句That was my first real lesson in the power of CRM,.可知，作者在經(jīng)歷了一次飛行，給上級(jí)提了意見(jiàn)之后，對(duì)CRM有了更深的理解，故選A。38.In the last paragraph”landing gear up” probably means _.A.following flying requirements.B.overreacting to different opinions.C.listening to what fellow doctors sayD.making a mistake that may cost lives39.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A.CRM:A New Way to Make Flying SafeB.Flying Makes Me a Better DoctorC.The Making of a Good PilotD.A Pilot-Tumed Doctor【小題39】主旨大意題。作者通過(guò)當(dāng)飛行員的經(jīng)歷，學(xué)到了CRM，并運(yùn)用到了自己的工作中，文章主要講的是CRM帶給作者的好處，B項(xiàng)“飛行使我成為一個(gè)更好的醫(yī)生”最符合題意，故選B。（2013大綱卷）ADoctor are known to Be terriBle pilots. They dont listen Because they already know it all. I was lucky: 】Became a pilot in 1970, almost ten years Before I graduated from medical school. I didnt realize then, But Becoming a pilot makes me a Better surgeon. I loved flying. As I flew Bigger, faster planes, and in worse weather. I learned aBout crew resource management (機(jī)組資源管理), or CRM, a new idea to make flying safer. It means that crew memBers should listen and speak up for a good result, regardless of positions.I first read aBout CRM in 1980. Not long after that, an attending doctor and I were flying in Bad weather. The controller had us turn too late to get our landing ready. The attending doctor was flying; I was safety pilot He was so Busy Because of the Bad turn, he had forgotten to put the landing gear (起落架) down. He was a Better pilot - and my Boss - so it felt unusual to speak up. But I had to: Our lives were in danger. I put aside my uneasiness and said, We need to put the landing gear down now! That was my first real lesson in the power of CRM, and Ive used it in the operating room ever since.CRM requires that the pilot/surgeon encourage others to speak up. It further requires that when opinions are from the opposite, the doctor doesnt overreact, which might prevent fellow doctors from voicing opinions again. So when Im in the operating room, I ask for ideas and help from others. Sometimes theyre not willing to speak up. But I hope that if I continue to encourage them , someday someone will keep me from ”landing gear up”.56.What dose the author say aBout doctors in general? A. They like flying By themselves.B. They are unwilling to take advice.C. They pretend to Be good pilots.D. They are quick learners of CRM.57.The author deepened his understanding of the power of CRM when_. A. he saved the plane By speaking upB. he was in charge of a flying taskC. his Boss landed the plane too lateD. his Boss operated on a patient58.In the last paragraph”landing gear up” proBaBly means _.A.following flying requirements.B.overreacting to different opinions.C.listening to what fellow doctors sayD.making a mistake that may cost lives59.Which of the following can Be the Best title for the text?A.CRM:A New Way to Make Flying SafeB.Flying Makes Me a Better DoctorC.The Making of a Good PilotD.A Pilot-Tumed Doctor（2013江西卷)第二節(jié)完形填空(共20小題，每小題1.5分，滿分30分)閱讀下面短文，掌握其段落大意，然后從36至55各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)A.B.C和D，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Diane Ray was completely self-centered and very spoilt. Her parents gave her 36 she wanted, knowing that she would throw a temper tantrum(耍小孩脾氣)if they did not. She would scream and kick and 37 on the floor drumming her heels. Her parents always 38 .That was why she was alone on the 39 , wearing an expensive swimsuit. It has taken a massive tantrum to 40 her parents to buy it. They were back at the beach-house, 41 from the tantrum she had thrown when they told her that it was too dangerous to go diving 42 . “Dangerous?” she had said. “You just dont want me to have 43 . Im going and if you try to stop me, Ill scream.” “What are you doing ?” a voice asked. Diane jumped. She did not know that the man was there 44 he spoke . “Im going diving, ” she answered. “You shouldnt swim that day, ” the man 45 . “There is a storm coming up.” “You should mind your own 46 !” Diane replied and walked into the gentle waves. “If you go out there youll be 47 ,” the man called after her. She did not bother to reply.Diane slipped into the water and dived 48 until white caps began rolling in and it became harder to 49 against the current (水流). Saltwater hit against her face, making it 50 to breathe. Oh, why had she not listened to advice.Panicking, she began to 51 . Then, just as it seemed as if she would slip beneath the surface, she heard a 52 voice. “Hold on ! Im coming.” With 53 , she saw the old man rowing an ancient-looking boat towards her. “I hope youve learned a lesson. You put us both in 54 , ” he shouted angrily, as he dragged her over the side of the 55 . Gratefully, Diane thanked him and ran towards the beach-house.36.A. eitherB. neitherC. nothingD. everything37.A. jumpB. lieC. spinD. sleep38.A. set outB. set inC. gave inD. gave out39.A. beachB. bedC. floorD. ship40.A. allowB. warnC. getD. prefer41.A. changingB. recoveringC. appearingD. traveling42.A. aloneB. awayC. againD. aside43.A. timeB. moneyC. foodD. fun44.A. whenB. untilC. afterD. once45.A. decidedB. intendedC. advisedD. repeated46.A. businessB. swimsuitC. friends D. parents47.A. angryB. sorryC. confusedD. excited48.A. nervouslyB. sadlyC. shylyD. happily49.A. riseB. swimC. stopD. row50.A. difficultB. easyC. comfortableD. suitable51.A. speakB. singC. sniffD. scream52.A. calmB. frighteningC. beautifulD. disgusting53.A. regretB. reliefC. interestD. ease54.A. powerB. safetyC. dangerD. thought 55.A. houseB. waveC. beachD. boat【語(yǔ)篇解讀】主人公Diane Ray是個(gè)任性執(zhí)拗的女孩。父母對(duì)其無(wú)奈。多虧有好人相助，使她在一次游泳中化險(xiǎn)為夷。這也給了她一個(gè)實(shí)實(shí)在在的教訓(xùn)！36. D 由上文Diane Ray was very spoilt.(受寵)以及下文knowing that she would throw a temper tantrum if they did not?？梢酝茰y(cè)：她想要什么，父母親給她什么。48. D Diane Ray不顧危險(xiǎn)獨(dú)自下水了，并且游得很起勁。此時(shí)危險(xiǎn)來(lái)臨。D選項(xiàng)符合邏輯。A 選項(xiàng)nervously（緊張地），干擾最大。但聯(lián)系上文Diane任性的個(gè)性。她不聽(tīng)勸告，顯然不會(huì)意識(shí)到危險(xiǎn)性的存在。所以A選項(xiàng)排除。B,C選項(xiàng)不符