高三英語語法專項復習--動詞時態(tài)、語態(tài)

。高考英語語法復習專題 - 動詞時態(tài)語態(tài)%一、考點聚焦 1、動詞時態(tài)考查要點簡述 （1）一般現(xiàn)在時考點分析 表示客觀事實或普通真理（不受時態(tài)限制）The geography teacher told us the earth moves around the sun.Water boils at 100oC.表示現(xiàn)狀、性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)時多用系動詞或狀態(tài)動詞；表示經(jīng)?；蛄晳T性的動作，多用動作動詞，且常與表頻率的時間狀語連用。Ice feels cold.We always care for each other and help each other.表示知覺、態(tài)度、感情、某種抽象的關(guān)系或概念的詞常用一般現(xiàn)在時：see、hear、smell、taste、feel、notice、agree、believe、like、hate、want、think、belong seem等。如：I know what you mean.Smith owns a car and a house.All the students here belong to No.1 Middle School.在時間、條件狀語從句中常用一般現(xiàn)在時代替將來時。但要注意由if 引導的條件狀語從句中可以用shall或will表“意愿”，但不表示時態(tài)。If you will accept my invitation and come to our party, my family will be pleased.如果你愿意接受并參加我們的舞會，我的家人會非常高興。少數(shù)用于表示起止的動詞如come、go、leave、arrive、fly、return、start、begin、pen、close、end、stop等常用一般現(xiàn)在時代替將來時，表示一個按規(guī)定、計劃或安排要發(fā)生的動作。當be表示根據(jù)時間或事先安排，肯定會出現(xiàn)的狀態(tài)，只用一般現(xiàn)在時。The shop closes at 11:00 p.m. every day.Tomorrow is Wednesday.（2）一般過去時的考點分析（考核重點）。一般過去時的基本用法：表示過去的事情、動作或狀態(tài)常與表示過去具體的時間狀語連用（或有上下文語境暗示）；用于表達過去的習慣；表示說話人原來沒有料到、想到或希望的事通常用過去式。如：I met her in the street yesterday.I once saw the famous star here.They never drank wine.I thought the film would be interesting,but it isnt.如果從句中有一個過去的時間狀語，盡管從句中的動作先于主句發(fā)生，但從句中的謂語動詞連用過去式。如：He told me he read an interesting novel last night. 表示兩個緊接著發(fā)生的動作，常由以下詞語連接，用一般過去時。如：but, and, when, as soon as, immediately, the moment, the minute。The moment she came in, she told me what had happened to her.He bought a watch but lost it.常用一般過去時的句型：Why didnt you / I think of that?I didnt notice it.I forgot to tell you I had been there with my brother before.I didnt recognize him.（3）一般將來時考點分析。表示未來的動作或狀態(tài)常用will / shall + 動詞（常與表示將來的時間狀語邊用如tomorrow、next week等）。表示一種趨向或習慣動作。Well die without air or water.表示趨向行為的動詞如come、go、start、begin、leave等詞常用進行時的形式表示將來時。be going to與will / shall, be to do, be about to do用法及區(qū)別：be going to 表示現(xiàn)在打算在最近或?qū)硪瞿呈?，這種打算往往經(jīng)過事先考慮，甚至已做了某種準備；shall / will do表示未事先考慮過，即說話時臨時作出的決定。be going to 表將來，不能用在條件狀語從句的主句中；而will則能，表意愿。如：If it is fine, well go fishing.(正確)If it is fine, we are going to go fishing.(錯誤)be to do sth.表按計劃、安排即將發(fā)生的動作，還可表示吩咐、命令、禁止，可能性等。A meeting is to be held at 3:00 oclock this afternoon.be about to do sth.表示“即可，就要”，后面不能接時間狀語或狀語從句。Autumn harvest is about to start.（4）現(xiàn)在進行時考點分析。表示說話時正在發(fā)生著的一個動作；表示現(xiàn)階段但不一定是發(fā)生在講話時；表近期特定的安排或計劃；go、come等起止動作可用進行時代替將來時。如：It is raining now.He is teaching English and learning Chinese.I am meeting Mr. Wang tonight.We are leaving on Friday.At six I am bathing the baby.(I start bathing the bady before six.)The girl is always talking loud in public.(與always、often等頻度副詞連用，表經(jīng)常反復的行動或某種感情色彩)下面四類動詞不宜用現(xiàn)在進行時。（A）表示心理狀態(tài)、情感的動作：like, love, hate, care, remember, believe, want, mind, wish, agree, mean, need。（B）表存在的狀態(tài)的動詞：appear, exist, lie, remain, seem belong to, depend on。（C）表示一時性動作的動詞：allow, accept, permit, promise, admit, complete。（D）表示感官的動詞：see, hear, notice, feel, smell, sound, taste, look。（5）過去完成時考點分析（考核重點）。常用過去完成時的幾種情況：（A）在by、by the end、by the time、until、before、since后接表示過去某一時間的短語或從句以前發(fā)生的動作。如：By the end of last year, we had produced 20,000 cars. The train had left before we reached the station. (B)表示曾實現(xiàn)的希望、打算、意圖、諾言等。常用had hoped / planned / meant / intended/though / wanted / expected等或用上述動詞過去式接不定式完成式表示即：hoped / planned + to have done。（C）“時間名詞 + before”在句子中作狀語，謂語動詞用過去完成時；“時間名詞 + ago”在句中作狀語，謂語動詞用一般過去式。如：He said his first teacher had died at least 10 years before. Xiao Hua left school 3 years ago.（D）表示“一就”的幾個句型：Hardly / No sooner / Scarcely had + 主語 + 過去分詞 + when / than / before + 一般過去時。如：We had no sooner been seated than the bus started. = No sooner had we been seated than the bus started.在before或after引導的時間狀語從句中用一般過去時態(tài)代替過去完成時。After he (had)left the room, the boss came in.We arrived home before it snowed.（6）過去將來時考點分析。參照一般將來時對比：用would do、was / were going to do sth.表過去將來；come、go、leave等過去進行時表過去將來時；was / were to do sth.和was / were about to do sth.表過去將來。（7）過去進行時考點分析。過去某一時刻正在進行的動作或某一階段內(nèi)發(fā)生或頻繁發(fā)生。某一動作發(fā)生時另一動作正在發(fā)生，其中一個在由when或while引導的時間狀語從句中。（8）現(xiàn)在完成時考點分析。現(xiàn)在完成時除可以和for、since引導的狀語連用外，還可以和下面的介詞短語連用：during / in /over the last(past)few years (months, weeks)、in recent years等。下列句型中常用現(xiàn)在完成時It is (has been) + 一段時間 + since從句This(That / It)is the first(second)time that + 完成時This(That / It)is the only + that + 完成時This(that / It)is the best / finest / most interesting + that 從句 + 完成時在時間或條件狀語從句中，現(xiàn)在完成時可以代替一般將來時。如：I shall post the letter as soon as I have written it.If you have done the experiment, you will realize the theory better.Dont get off the bus until it has stopped.（9）注意幾組時態(tài)的區(qū)別：一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時：時間上有差異：凡有過去時間的均用過去時態(tài)，不能用完成時態(tài)，如含有ago、last year、just now、the other day等。結(jié)果上有差異：現(xiàn)在完成時強調(diào)的是對“現(xiàn)在”的影響和結(jié)果，動作到現(xiàn)在剛完成或還在繼續(xù)；一般過去時強調(diào)的是動作發(fā)生在“過去”，和現(xiàn)在毫無關(guān)系。過去完成時與一般過去時：過去完成時強調(diào)的是“過去的過去”；如出現(xiàn)同一主語連續(xù)幾個動作（“連謂”）形式則只用一般過去時即可。2、被動語態(tài)考查要點簡述被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成方式：be + 過去分詞，口語只也有用get / become + 過去分詞表示。被動語態(tài)的基本用法：不知道或沒必要提到動作的執(zhí)行者是誰時用被動語態(tài)。強調(diào)或突出動作的承受者常用被動語態(tài)（by短語有時可以省略）。（1）使用被動語態(tài)時應注意的幾個問題。主動變化被動時雙賓語的變化?？聪铝欣?。My friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday.An interesting book was given to me(by my friend)on my birthday.I was given an interesting book (by my friend)on my birthday.主動變被動時，賓補成主補（位置不變）；（作補語的）不定式前需加to。The boss made him work all day long.He was made to work all day long(by the boss)短語動詞變被動語態(tài)時，勿要掉“尾巴”。The children were taken good care of (by her).Your pronunciation and spelling should be paid attention to.情態(tài)動詞和be going to、be to、be sure to、used to、have to、had better等結(jié)構(gòu)變被動語態(tài)，只需將它們后面的動詞原形變?yōu)閎e +過去分詞。當句子的謂語為say、believe、expect、think、know、write、consider、report等時，被動語態(tài)有兩種形式：（A）謂語動詞用被動語態(tài)，動詞不定式作主補。（B）用it作形式主語，真正的主語在后面用主語在后面用主語從句來表示。如：People say he is a smart boy.It is said that he is a smart boy.He is said to be a smart boy.People know paper was made in China first.It is known that paper was made in China first.Paper was known to be made in China first.類似句型有：It is said / known / suggested / believed / hoped/ thought that （2）不能用被動語態(tài)的幾種情況。所有的不及物動詞或不及物動詞詞組不能用于被動語態(tài)之中。表示狀態(tài)的謂語動詞，如：last、hold、benefit、contain、equal、fit、join、mean、last、look like、consist to等。表示歸屬的動詞，如have、own、belong to等。表示“希望、意圖”的動詞，如：wish、want、hope、like、love、hate等。賓語是反身代詞或相互代詞時謂語動詞用主動語態(tài)，不能用被動語態(tài)。賓語是同源賓語，不定式、動名詞等謂語動詞不用被動語態(tài)。有些動詞以其主動形式表示被動意義，特別是當主語是物時，常見的動詞有sell、write、wash、open、lock等。（3）主動形式表被動意義。當feel、look、smell、taste、sound等后面接形容詞時；當cut、read、sell、wear、write等詞帶狀語修飾語時；當動詞表示“開始、結(jié)束、關(guān)、停、轉(zhuǎn)、啟動”等意義時。This kind of cloth washes easily.這種布易洗。These novels wont sell well.這些小說不暢銷。My pen writes smoothly.我的鋼筆寫起來很流暢。The door wont lock.門鎖不上。The fish smells good.魚聞起來香。當break out、take place、shut off、turn off、work out等動詞表示“發(fā)生、關(guān)閉、制定”等意思時。The plan worked out successfully.The lamps on the wall turn off.want, require, need后面的動名詞用主動表示被動含義。be worth doing用主動形式表示被動含義。在“be + 形容詞 + to do”中，不定式的邏輯賓語是句子的主語，用主動代被動。This kind of water isnt fit to drink.The girl isnt easy to get along with.另外：be to blame(受譴責)，be to rent（出租）也用主動形式表被動。（4）被動形式表示主動意義的幾種情況。be seated坐著He is seated on a bench.（He seats himself on a bench.）坐在凳子上。be hidden躲藏He was hidden behind the door.(He hid himself behind the door.)他藏在門后。be lost迷路be drunk喝醉be dressed穿著The girl was dressed in a red short skirt.（5）被動語態(tài)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別被動語態(tài)強調(diào)動作；系表結(jié)構(gòu)表主語的特點或狀態(tài)。如：The book was sold by a certain bookstore.(被動語態(tài))The book is well sold.(系表結(jié)構(gòu))Z二、精典名題導解選擇填空1. Visitors _not to touch the exhibits.(NMET 2001)A.will request B.are requested C.are requesting D.request解析：答案為B。此題的時態(tài)是不難判斷的，因為說的是一條規(guī)定，所以用一般現(xiàn)在時，而visitor與request之間是動賓關(guān)系，即request visitors not to touch the exhibits,究竟是誰要求他們這樣做呢？不清楚，也不必知道，因此需要用被動語態(tài)。分析visitors與request之間的關(guān)系是此題的解題關(guān)鍵。2. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _ so rapidly.(NMET 2001)A.is changing B.has changed C.will have changed D.will change解析：答案為A。此題考查現(xiàn)在進行時態(tài)的用法。句意為“選擇一部移動電話不是一件容易的事，因為科技發(fā)展得十分迅速?！北揪涞闹骶湟话悻F(xiàn)在時表達的是目前的情況，而“科技發(fā)展迅速”也是現(xiàn)階段正存在的一種狀態(tài)，不是在過去，也不是在將來，因此只能用現(xiàn)在進行時表達。3. All the preparations for the task _, and were ready to start.（2000年春季高考）A.completed B.completeC.had been completed D.have been completed解析：答案為D?，F(xiàn)在完成時表示過去年做的事對現(xiàn)在的影響。從and were ready to start句意可知，一切準備工作已經(jīng)就緒，可以開始工作了。complete是及物動詞，與句子的主語是被動關(guān)系，所以需要用被動語態(tài)表達。注意分清complete與主語之間的關(guān)系；結(jié)合語境選擇正確時態(tài)。4.My mind wasnt on what he was saying so Im afraid I half of it.A. was missing B. had missed C. will miss D. missed解析：答案為D。本句考時態(tài)和語境。全句意思是；我的心沒在他說的話上，所以恐怕他說的話我有一半沒聽到。整個事情是過去的事，且是做過的事，所以選一般過去時D。5.The discussion alive when an interesting topic was brought in. A. was coming B. had come C. has come D. came解析：答案為D。come alive“變得活躍”。照顧時間狀語從句時態(tài)一致時。6.I hear Jane has gone to the Holy Island for her holiday.Oh, how nice! Do you know when she ?A. was leaving B. had left C. has left D. left解析：答案為D?？疾閯釉~時態(tài)，由現(xiàn)完成時的用法，可知動作發(fā)生在過去，故選D。 基礎(chǔ)訓練題1. By the time I saw the angry expression in his face, I _ exactly what I was having to face. But not for a moment _ I should quit.A. had known ; I thought B. have known ; had I thought C. would know ; I would think D. knew ; did I think2. In such a fierce competition, a person h as to make every effort if he _.A. has succeeded B. is to succeed C. should succeed D. will succeed3. The man opened his eyes and moved his lips, as if _ that he had something to tell the doctor. A. saying B. having said C. to say D. to have said4. Is the meeting held in Room 302 or 303? It should be 302. But I hear that it _ till tomorrow.A. was put off B. will put off C. has been put off D. is put off5. The University of Tokyo is the oldest university in Japan and has always been in the lead when it comes to _ new challenges.A. be faced B. face C. facing D. faced6. In fact, more and more people _ to live a greener, healthier and more environmentally “green life”.A. chose B. choose C. are choosing D. have chosen7. Our car _ at the present speed until it reaches Qingdao at about nine oclock tonight.A. went B. is going C. goes D. will be going8. China is _ to_ continued help to Iraq in its reconstruction.A. willingly ; give B. willing ; giving C. willing ; offer D. will ; offering9. I thought you were going to leave early today to take your son to the show. I _, but I cant leave until I finish typing all the letters.A. had planned to B. planned to C. am still planning to D. was still planning to 10. Unfortunately, when we dropped in, Doctor Li _ for Indonesia to rescue the injured there, so we only had time for a few words.A. has just left B. was just leaving C. had just left D. just left11. Is the radio bothering you ? It certainly is. Id like it _.A. turned off B. to turn off C. being turned off D. turning off12. The teacher seldom let an opportunity to teach his students or to help them make up for the days of schooling they had missed _.A. pass B. passing C. to pass D. being passed13. Recently quite a lot of experts _ that another law on wildlife protection _ as soon as possible.A. suggested; must be passed B. have suggested; be passed C. were suggested; must be passed D. suggested; being passed14. He _ fault with other people though he doesnt do his work properly.A. always finds B. has always found C. is always finding D. always found15. I _ for three hours when I suddenly became sick.A. had been working B. would work C. have worked D. am working 16. Has George returned from Japan yet? Id like to meet him. Im terribly sorry, but he _ back here only for last weekend.A. has been B. would be C. had been D. was17. Im very disappointed with my neighbor. She said she would keep her cat off my grass, but she _.A. didnt B. hasnt C. wouldnt D. hadnt18. Why do you look so upset? There are so many troublesome problems _ .A. remaining settled B. remained settled C. remaining to be settled D. remained to be settled 19. The house keeper mentioned that the dog _ her daughter more than once.A. would attack B. was attacking C. was attacked D. had attacked20. Why were you not at the concert ?I _ a close game between two European football teams.A. watchedB. had watchedC. was watchingD. have been watching強化訓練題1I in a foreign trade company for five years. Still, I dont regret giving up the well-paid job.AworkedBhave workedCwas workingDhad worked2-Were you told to attend the meeting? I didnt see you anyway.- , but I had an accident on the way.AI was goingBI wouldCI should haveDId like to3. -Youve agreed to go? So why arent you getting ready?-But I _ that you would have me start at once.A. dont realize B. hadnt realized C. didnt realize D. am not realizing4. -Where is your daughter working?-In the same company as I. I would rather she _ here.A. had not worked B. not work C. doesnt work D. did not work5. -You havent said a word about my new hair-style, Molly. Do you like it? -Im sorry I _ anything about it sooner. I certainly think its pretty. A. wasnt saying B. dont say C. wont say D. didnt say6.Have you ever visited the Slender West Lake？Yes. When I was in Yangzhou, I it twice.A. have visited B. visited C. had visited D. would visit7. The little boy _ asleep while watching TV. His mother carried him to bed.A. had fallen B. fell C. was falling D. would fall8. -We would have arrived there much earlier in your car.-I agree. But it _.A. was repaired B. was repairing C. had been repaired D. was being repaired9At this time tomorrow over the Atlantic.Awere going to flyBwell be flyingCwere flyingDwere to fly10When the next train leave for Boston, please? Usually at 13:15 but because of a small accident on the line, it at 13:45.Adoes; is going to startBwill; startsCdoes; will startDwill; is to start11. -How about my food? I _ here for almost half an hour.-Im sorry, sir. It must be ready by now.A. have been sitting B. am sitting C. had been sitting D. was sitting12. -Remember the first time we met, Susan?-Of course I do. You _ in the library.A. read B. had read C. were reading D. would read13. The number of people hurt in the traffic accident _ to 95, the news agency reports. A. has increasedB. have increasedC. has been increased D. have been increased14. It seems that you _ this report or you can see what I questioned just now.A. dont readB. didnt readC. havent readD. hadnt read15. Hello, Jim. I to see you today. Sonia said you ill.Oh Im OK.A. didnt expect; were B. dont expect; wereC. havent expected; are D. are not expecting; are16. We were very busy yesterday. Otherwise we _ part in the discussion.A. would take B. did take C. had taken D. would have taken17. - My flight _ . Id better be on my way. Goodbye.- Bye. Happy landing!A. was announced B. is being announced C. has announced D. is announced18 Why! Where is the key to the meeting room? Can I have left it in the taxi? Dear me! You anything in the taxi!A. had never left B. have never left C. would never leave D. never leave19. This time next week, we _astronauts from the Challenger trying to deal with the mechanical problems.A. will seeB. will have seenC. will be seeingD. shall see20. Hey, Lee. I _ you never took interest in anything like this. What a surprise!A. dont thinkB. didnt thinkC. thinkD. thought21. George had thought of paying a visit to the zoo with his children last Sunday, but he just _ he would have so little time to spare.A. hadnt known B. wouldnt know C. knew D. didnt know22. Those who were late for school this morning, down your names on the blackboard!A. write B. wrote C. are writing D. will write高考訓練題2007年高考1. The flowers were so lovely that they _ in no time. （全國卷I） A. sold B. had been sold C. were sold D. would sell2. I know a little bit about Italy as my wife and I _ there several years ago. （全國卷I） A. are going B. had been C. went D. have been3. Is there anything wrong, Bob? You look sad.Oh, nothing much. In fact, I _ of my friends back home. （全國卷II）A. have just thoughtB. was just thinkingC. would just thinkD. will just be thinking4. Tom, you didnt come to the party last night?I _, but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do. （全國卷II）A. had to B. didnt C. was going toD. wouldnt5. Did you tidy your room? （上海卷） No, I was going to tidy my room but I _ visitors.A. had B. haveC. have had D. will have6. With the help of high technology, more and more new substances _ in the past years. （上海卷）A. discoveredB. have discoveredC. had been discovered D. have been discovered7. They_ two free t