高中英語賓語從句重點(diǎn)語法講解及精練

賓語從句賓語從句是英語復(fù)合句中的其中非常重要的從句之一。它是用一個(gè)句子做另一個(gè)句子的賓語，將這個(gè)句子叫做賓語從句。賓語從句做介詞或及物動(dòng)詞的賓語。現(xiàn)在從下列三個(gè)方面總結(jié)歸納如下：一，引導(dǎo)詞A,由that 引導(dǎo)的陳述句性的賓語從句，在很多動(dòng)詞如say, think, wish , hope, see, believe, agree, expect, hear , feel等動(dòng)詞后。連詞that只起連接作用，在從句中不做句子的成分，也無詞匯意義，在口語中常被省略，但在大多數(shù)情況下還是以不省為好，特別是在筆語中。例：I told him that he was wrong.l在think,believe, suppose, expect等動(dòng)詞引起的賓語從句中，有時(shí)謂語盡管是否定意義，卻不用否定形式，而將think 等動(dòng)詞變?yōu)榉穸ㄐ问?。例：I dont think you are right. (我認(rèn)為你做的不對(duì))l在許多帶有復(fù)合賓語的句子中，that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句經(jīng)常移到句子的后面，而用it做形式賓語。例：We think it wrong that he told a lie to everyone (我認(rèn)為他向每一個(gè)人撒謊是錯(cuò)誤的)B,由連詞if、 whether 引導(dǎo)的表示“是否”的賓語從句。Whether,if 在從句中不做句子的成分，一般情況下，whether和if 可以替換。例：I dont know if/whether he will come tomorrow.The teacher asked if/whether we had finished the experiment.l在介詞后面的賓語從句中不用if引導(dǎo)例：Everything depends on whether we have enough money。l賓語從句中有or not時(shí)不用if引導(dǎo).例：I dont know whether the movie star will come or not.l和不定式連用作賓語時(shí)不用if引導(dǎo).例：Whether to go there or not hasnt been decided.C,由wh-引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。連接代詞who,whom,whose, what, which,和連接副詞when, where, why, how 等連接的賓語從句，它們?cè)诰渲屑从羞B接從句的作用，又在句中充當(dāng)句子的成分。例：Do you know which film they are talking about? (which做定語)I dont know where he lives. (where 做地點(diǎn)狀語)二，賓語從句的語序，賓語從句從句的語序必須是陳述語序，既連接詞+主語+謂語+其他成分例：I believe that they will come soon.He asked me whether I was a teacher.They wanted to know what they can do for us.二，賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)。賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)受主句的限制，既：主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，從句根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定。主句是一般過去時(shí)態(tài)，從句用相應(yīng)的過去的時(shí)態(tài)。如果從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句之前，從句要用過去完成時(shí)態(tài)。例:1)She says that she is a student.She said that she was a student.l如果賓語從句說的是客觀真理、自然現(xiàn)象或事實(shí)時(shí)，這時(shí)賓語從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。例：The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.He told me that Japan is an island country.Could you tell me是用來征詢對(duì)方的意見，語氣委婉，并不表示過去。例：Could you tell me when we will visit the History Museum?一、高中賓語從句要點(diǎn)之時(shí)態(tài)的呼應(yīng) 1. 如果主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般將來時(shí)或祈使句時(shí),賓語從句可根據(jù)情況使用各種時(shí)態(tài)。例如: I hear she is here today(she was here yesterday/ she will be here tomorrow.) 2. 如果主句是一般過去時(shí),賓語從句應(yīng)使用過去時(shí)態(tài)的某種形式。例如: He said he was watching TV(he had swept the floor/ he would play football after school)。 3. 如賓語從句所敘述的是客觀事實(shí)、自然現(xiàn)象或科學(xué)真理等,從句不受主句時(shí)態(tài)限制,仍用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。例如: Our teacher told us that light travels faster than sound. 二、高中賓語從句要點(diǎn)之引導(dǎo)詞的使用 1. 當(dāng)賓語從句由陳述句變化而來時(shí),用that來引導(dǎo)從句,that常無具體意義,一般可省略。例如: Lin Tao thought(that)the TV play was very boring. 2. 當(dāng)賓語從句是由一般疑問句變化而來時(shí),要用if或whether來引導(dǎo)從句。例如: David asked his mother if/ whether she liked the dinner last night. 3. 當(dāng)賓語從句是由特殊疑問句變化而來時(shí),原句中的疑問詞充當(dāng)連接代詞(如who, whose, what, which)或連接副詞(如when, where, why, how),引導(dǎo)賓語從句。例如: Do you know what we can do on the island? I dont know why Jane was late for school this morning. 三、高中賓語從句要點(diǎn)之語序的陳述化 賓語從句一般要用陳述句語序。例如: When did he leave? I want to know. I want to know when he left. Does the shop close at six every day? Do you know? Do you know if/ whether the shop closes at six every day? 四、高中賓語從句要點(diǎn)之否定轉(zhuǎn)移 當(dāng)主句的謂語動(dòng)詞為think, believe, suppose等動(dòng)詞,且主語為第一人稱時(shí),從句的否定要轉(zhuǎn)移到主句上。例如: I dont believe he is here on time, is he? I dont think Tom is the best student in his class, is he?4. Can you tell me _she is waiting for?A.why B. whose C. whom D. which 5.Be careful! Dont break the bottles. Do you hear _ I said, Jim?Yes, mum. (2002陜西)A.what B.that C.why D.if6 I dont know _ Mr Green will come to see us.He will help us with our English.(2002杭州)A.why B.when C.how D.where7.Do you know _Miss Gao will leave?Tomorrow morning.(2000濟(jì)南）A.when B.what C.who D.whereKEY:4.C 5.A 6.A 7.A技巧點(diǎn)撥:解以上這類題目時(shí)，可采用逆推法，即根據(jù)答語來選擇疑問詞。如第7道題，根據(jù)答語Tomorrow morning可知對(duì)其提問應(yīng)用when。高中英語語法英語賓語從句練習(xí)題I從下列A、B、C、D中選擇一個(gè)正確選項(xiàng)填空。 1. I dont know _ he will come tomorrow. _ he comes, Ill tell youA. if; Whether B. whether; Whether C. if; That D. if; If2. I dont know _ the day after tomorrow.A. when does he come B. how will he comeC. if he comes D. whether hell come3. Could you tell me _ the nearest hospital is?A. what B. how C. whether D. where4. Could you tell me _ the radio without any help?A. how did he mend B. what did he mendC. how he mended D. what he mended5. I want to know _. A. whom is she looking after B. whom she is looking C. whom is she looking D. whom she is looking aft6. Do you know where _ now?A. he lives B. does he live C. he lived D. did he live7. Do you know what time _? A. the train leave B. does the train leave C. will the train leave D. the train leaves8. I dont know _. Can you tell me, please?A. how the two players are old B. how old are the two playersC. the two players are how old D. how old the two players are9. The small children dont know _.A. what is their stockings in B. what is in their stockingsC. where is their stockings in D. what in their stockings10. I cant understand _.A. what does Christmas mean B. what Christmas does meanC. what mean Christmas does D. what Christmas meansII. 按要求轉(zhuǎn)換句型。1. Does Mr. Brown enjoy living in China? Could you tell us?（改寫句子）Could you tell us _ Mr. Brown _ living in China?2. Does the girl need any help?” he asked me.（變?yōu)閺?fù)合句）He asked me _ the girl _ some help3. Jim is not a student. Tom is not a student, either.（合并為一個(gè)句子）_ Jim _Tom is a student.4. When does the train leave? I want to know.（改為含賓語從句的復(fù)合句）I want to know _ the train _.5. They went home after they had finished their homework. (用notuntil改寫)They _ go home _ they had finished their homework6. Did Peter come here yesterday? Li Lei wants to know. (改為含賓語從句的復(fù)合句) Li Lei wants to know _ Peter _ here yesterday.賓語從句專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練參考答案：I. 15DDDCD 610ADDBD II. 1. ifwhether; enjoys 2. ifwhether; needed 3. Neither; nor 4. when; leaves1.Can you see_?A. what hes reading B. what is he readingC. what does he read D. he reads what2.Does Jack come from Japan? Do you know?(合并成一個(gè)句子)Do you know_Jack _from Japan?3._What did your son say in the letter? _He told me that he_ the Disney would the next dayA.will visit B. has visited C. is going to visit D. would visit4.He didnt know_A.whats the matter B.what the matter isC. what was the matter D. what the matter was5.Somebody called you just now,but I didnt know_A.who were they B. who they wereC. who was it D. who it was6.I want to know_A.what is his name B. whats his nameC. that his name is D. what his name is 7.-Could you tell me _she is looking for?-Her cousin,susan.A.that B.whose C .who D.which8.-What are you searching the Internet for?-Im trying to find out_.A.What is the difference between SARS and BIRDFLUB.How many persons have died in IraqC.How to protect our environmentD.Why is our Chinese team be able to beat Korea9.Do you know_?(誰正在唱歌)10.Do you know_?(她正在和誰談話)11.Do you know_?(昨天發(fā)生了什么事)The keys: 1 A.2 if ,comes.3D. 4 C. 5 D. 6 D. 7 C. 8 B9 who is singing 10 who she is talking with11 what happened yesterday一 選擇正確的答案.( ) 1. I dont know _. A. what does he like bestB. what he like best C. what he does like bestD. what he likes best ( ) 2. Can you tell me _?A. where she lives B. where does she live C. she lives where D. where she live( ) 3. He asked me _.A. what time is it B. what time it is C. what time was it D. what time it was( ) 4. Do you know _?A. how much did it cost B. how much it did cost C. how much it cost D. how much does it cost( ) 5. The man asked her _.A. why did she do it B. why she did it C. why she does D. why does she do it( ) 6. Nobody knows _. A. when will she come back B. when she come back C. when she will come back D. when does she come back( ) 7. Mum asked _. A. where he was B. where was he C. where he is D. where is he( ) 8. Do you know _? A. what they are looking for B. what are they looking for C, they are looking for what D. what do they look for() 9. The teacher asked _. A, who can answer this question B. who could answer the question C. what question did she ask D. she answered this question( ) 10. I asked her _. A. whether he has been to Australia B. whether has he been to Australia C. whether he had been to Australia D. whether he goes to Australia ( ) 11. The teacher told us _.A.that light traveled faster than sound B. if light traveled faster than sound.C. that light travels faster than sound D. if light travels faster than sound( ) 12. He said that _. A. he is doing his homework B. he does his homework C. he was doing his homework D. he do his homework( ) 13. I asked him _.A. where did he go B. where he went C. where does he go D. where he did go( ) 14. -Excuse me, could you tell me _ get to the plane? -Certainly. Go straight alone here.A. how can we B. how we can C. when can we D. when we can( ) 15. Do you know _he will ride here at 8 tomorrow morning? A. when B. where C. whether D. how( ) 16. -Can you tell me why _? -Because I want to help the people there.A. do you go to Tibet B. did you go to Tibet C. are you going to Tibet D. you are going to Tibet( ) 17. Do you know _?A. what time does the train leave B. what time leaves the trainC. what time the train leave D. what time the train leaves ( ) 18. Did he tell you _at the school gate?A. who he waited forB. who he is waiting C. who did he wait forD. who he was waiting( ) 19. Could you tell me _?A. who is he B. wheres the nearest restaurantC. if he will come tomorrow D. which way is to the underground station( ) 20. -Do you know_? -Sorry. I dont know. You may ask the woman over there. A. when the shop opens B. when is the shop open C. when does the shop open D. when will the shop open( ) 21. I dont feel well. Mum asked me _-this morning.A. what the matter is B. what is wrong C. what was the matter D. what wrong was( ) 22. You must remember _. A. what your teacher said B. what did your teacher say C. your teacher said what D. what has your teacher said( ) 23. Excuse me, sir. Could you tell me _? A. where is the bank nearest B. where is the nearest bank C. where the nearest bank is D. the nearest bank is where ( ) 24. We want to know _in the future.A. what is our life like B. what our life is likeC. what will our life like D. what our life will be like( ) 25 -Dad, do you know _? -In half an hour.A. when will the football game start B when the football game will startC. when is the football game going to start D.when shall we start the football game( ) 26. Could you tell me _? A. which bus they are waiting for B. which bus are they waiting forC. theyre waiting for which bus D. which bus they wait( ) 27. I asked her _.A. whether did she like the red one B. whether she likes the red one C. whether does she like the red one D. whether she liked the red one( ) 28. I shall take back _just now.A. that I said B. what did I say C. how I said D, what I said( ) 29. He asked me _he had come here or not. A. why B. how C. that D. whether( ) 30. Can you guess _the people in the picture are ? A. when B. whom C. whose D. who ( ) 31. Im thinking about _.A. if Ill help her B. whether Ill help her C. what Ill help her D. that I help her( ) 32. -We never know _. -They say he is a teacher. A. what the old man is B. what is the old manC. who is the old man D. which the old man is( ) 33. -Can I help you? -Yes, can you tell me _? A. how can I use the telephone B. where is the washing room C. which is the most popular book D. when is the shop closed( ) 34. -Do you know _ Mr. Blacks address?-He may live at NO. 28 or No. 19 of Bridge Street. Im not sure of _.A. where, which B. where, what C. what, which D. what, whereI從下列A、B、C、D中選擇一個(gè)正確選項(xiàng)填空。1. I dont know _ he will come tomorrow. _ he comes, Ill tell youA. if; Whether B. whether; Whether C. if; That D. if; If2. I dont know _ the day after tomorrow.A. when does he come B. how will he comeC. if he comes D. whether hell come3. Could you tell me _ the nearest hospital is?A. what B. how C. whether D. where4. Could you tell me _ the radio without any help?A. how did he mend B. what did he mendC. how he mended D. what he mended5. I want to know _.A. whom is she looking after B. whom she is lookingC. whom is she looking D. whom she is looking after6. Do you know where _ now?A. he lives B. does he live C. he lived D. did he live7. Do you know what t