小學(xué)英語五種基本句型

1、五種基本句型分析解讀英語中的五種基本句型，它是英語句子的基礎(chǔ)。因?yàn)橛⒄Z中各種復(fù)雜的句子均是由這五種基本句型擴(kuò)大、組合、省略或倒裝等各種形式變化而來的。從英語句子的本質(zhì)來看，有其內(nèi)在的規(guī)律。I am a studentI like playing football.Playing footall is interesting.Playing footall.t brings me a lot of fun.We can call Internet addicts a Webaholic.Internet dating hurts.由此我們可以總結(jié)：一個(gè)完整的英語句子都由兩部分組成“陳述對(duì)象+陳述

2、內(nèi)容”=“主語+謂語”=“名詞+動(dòng)詞”。1、主語+系動(dòng)詞+表語這個(gè)句型的謂語動(dòng)詞是系動(dòng)詞(linking verb)。所謂系動(dòng)詞，顧名思義，這種動(dòng)詞并不表示具體的動(dòng)作，而只是起連接主語和后面成分的作用。系動(dòng)詞后面所接的成分，是用來說明主語的特點(diǎn)，表明主語的性質(zhì)特征的，所以我們稱之為表語（能夠表示主語特征的成分）。The music sounds nice. He became a teacher. The leaf will turn yellow in autumn.英語中最常見的系動(dòng)詞是be動(dòng)詞，其具體形式有：am(I am), is(he is, she is, it is), are(

3、we are, you are, they are).其他的系動(dòng)詞還有：look, sound, smell, taste, fell, seem, appear, become, turn.用作表語的詞，通常是名詞(如a Webahoblic, a teacher.)和形容詞(如interesting,nice, yellow.)。2、句型二：主語+謂語. 這個(gè)句型的謂語動(dòng)詞要是不及物動(dòng)詞(intransitive verb)。所謂不及物動(dòng)詞，所表示的動(dòng)作沒有作用對(duì)象，其本身的意思完整，后面不需要帶賓語。The fire is burning. The sun rises and the s

4、un sets. The sun sets in the west. He works hard.此內(nèi)句型中的謂語動(dòng)詞后面雖然不接賓語，但通常會(huì)接副詞(如hard)或介詞短語(如in the west),來說明動(dòng)作的方式、地點(diǎn)或時(shí)間等等。英語中把這種修飾動(dòng)作的成分稱之為狀語。They shouted loudly. 這里的副詞表示動(dòng)作的方式，所以叫做方式狀語。He died at home. 這里的介詞短語表示動(dòng)作的地點(diǎn)，所以叫做地點(diǎn)狀語。He died in 2007.這里的介詞短語表示動(dòng)作的時(shí)間，所以叫做時(shí)間狀語。（主語+謂語（不及物動(dòng)詞）+狀語）3、I like chatting onl

5、ine. 句型三：主語+謂語+賓語這個(gè)句型的謂語動(dòng)詞要是及物動(dòng)詞(transitive verb)。所謂及物動(dòng)詞，這種動(dòng)詞告訴我們由主語發(fā)出的動(dòng)作所作用的對(duì)象是什么，這里所作用的對(duì)象稱之為賓語。即賓語是主語動(dòng)作的承受對(duì)象。I like chatting on the Internet. chatting作賓語，介詞短語on the Internet修飾動(dòng)作，作狀語。He speaks English well. English作賓語，副詞well修飾動(dòng)作speak，作狀語。（主語+謂語（及物動(dòng)詞）+賓語+狀語）4、Chatting on the Internet brings me a lot

6、 of fun. 句型四：主語+謂語+間接賓語+直接賓語這個(gè)句型的謂語動(dòng)詞要是雙賓動(dòng)詞(dative verb)。這種動(dòng)詞后面所接的成分有“人”又有“物”?！叭恕北硎緞?dòng)作的接受者，稱之為間接賓語（indirect object)?！拔铩北硎緞?dòng)作作用的對(duì)象，是動(dòng)作的承受者，稱之為直接賓語(direct object)。間接賓語和直接賓語合起來叫做雙賓語。He showed the guard his passport. the guard人表“間接賓語”，his passport物表“直接賓語”。5、You can leave the door open。句型五：主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語這個(gè)

7、句型的謂語動(dòng)詞是賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)詞(factitive verb)。這種動(dòng)詞的后面接賓語，而此賓語的后面又接補(bǔ)充說明賓語的補(bǔ)足語(object complement)。賓語和賓語補(bǔ)足語合起來叫做復(fù)合賓語。I found this answer wrong. this answer是賓語，wrong作賓語補(bǔ)足語，說明前面的賓語。You can leave the door open. the door是賓語，open作賓語補(bǔ)足語，說明前面的賓語。 總上所知，動(dòng)詞是構(gòu)成一個(gè)句子的骨架結(jié)構(gòu)。因?yàn)橛蓜?dòng)詞來決定了一個(gè)句子是否有賓語，有幾個(gè)賓語，以及其他句子成分。所以在學(xué)習(xí)英語單詞時(shí)，要特別關(guān)注動(dòng)詞的用法特點(diǎn)。如果

8、把英語句子比作一個(gè)“人”的話，“主語”就是我們的“大腦”，“謂語動(dòng)詞”就是我們的“心臟”，缺一不可，支配著“身體”其他各部分的運(yùn)動(dòng)和發(fā)展。可以說，動(dòng)詞是英語的靈魂！判斷下面句子為哪一種句型1. My parents live in the country。2.Lily followed her there 3. They saw Lily swimming towards the bank.4. There youll see a lake 5.Jim brought me my English book。6. Kate called her cat Mimi.7. You try to ge

9、t the other person down on the floor.8.We gave the presents to Grandma.9. In my spare time I enjoy listening to pop music.10.Education is free for all the children. 11.The fish smells terrible.12. Mum told us not to play with fire. 13.He has had his watch repaired.14.He continued his study at a university.15. We cant afford to buy a tractor. 16. A new dress costs over 400 francs. 17We will have lunch at the place of visit.18. We will set out after