最經(jīng)典最清晰虛擬語(yǔ)氣講解

1、虛擬語(yǔ)氣 定義：虛擬語(yǔ)氣用來(lái)表示說(shuō)話人的主觀愿望或假想，不是事實(shí)或與事實(shí)相反。 陳述語(yǔ)氣 祈使語(yǔ)氣動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)氣 非真實(shí)條件句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣 名詞性從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣 虛擬語(yǔ)氣 特殊句型中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣 虛擬語(yǔ)氣需特別注意的情況用法：一IF引導(dǎo)的虛擬句式if從句主句現(xiàn)在did /（be一般用were）would / could / should / might + do過(guò)去had donewould / could / should / might + have done將來(lái)did /（be一般用were）should dowere to dowould / could / should / might

2、+ do注意；混合虛擬（1） 不同時(shí)間的虛擬：If he had listened to me, he would not be in trouble now.If he had told me yesterday, I should know what to do now.(2) 虛擬與陳述的混合：He could have passed the exam, but he wasnt careful enough.You should have come earlier, the bus left a moment ago.二名詞性從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣:從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(should) +do1.

3、主語(yǔ)從句：it is + adj + that結(jié)構(gòu)advisable 適當(dāng)?shù)?、合適的regretful 遺憾的ordered 命令anxious憂慮、焦急的regretful 遺憾的recommended推薦appropriate 適當(dāng)?shù)膔ight 正確、恰當(dāng)?shù)膔equested 要求better 較好的strange 奇怪的required 建議desirable 理想的surprising 驚奇的名詞essential 緊要的urgent 緊迫的duty 職責(zé)imperative 迫切的vital 極其重要的no surprise 不奇怪important 重要的分詞no wonder不足

4、為奇insistent 堅(jiān)持的decided 決定pity 遺憾natural 自然的demanded 要求regret 后悔、遺憾necessary 必要的desired 想往shame 羞恥、不像話2. 賓語(yǔ)從句：主語(yǔ)+要求接虛擬語(yǔ)氣的動(dòng)詞+thatadvise勸告desire渴望require 要求、請(qǐng)求ask要求intend 打算recommend推薦command命令insist 堅(jiān)持request 要求decide決定order 命令suggest 建議demand要求、需求prefer 寧愿urge 主張determine決定propose 提議一個(gè)堅(jiān)持：insist兩個(gè)命令：o

5、rder; command 兩個(gè)決定：decide; determine三個(gè)建議：suggest; advise; propose四個(gè)要求：demand; ask; request; require 注意： suggest：暗示；insist：堅(jiān)持說(shuō)(不虛擬) except, believe, think suspect等動(dòng)詞的否定形式或疑問(wèn)句后面的賓語(yǔ)從句要用虛擬。 I never thought that he should be such a brave young solider should竟然 I am glad that your novel should have won th

6、e first prize. wish引導(dǎo)從句的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變化和if從句虛擬語(yǔ)氣一樣。 Wish可以用以下結(jié)構(gòu)：wish +主語(yǔ)+would/should have done3. 表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句advice 勸告necessity 必要性requirement 要求decision 決議order命令recommendation 推薦desire 愿望proposal 提議resolution 決心、決議demand 要求preference 選擇suggestion 建議idea 主意、想法request 要求三、其他用法一、名詞性從句的虛擬語(yǔ)氣中，表示建議、命令、要求的含義是

7、，無(wú)論主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為何種時(shí)態(tài)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都用：should + do。should可以省略。 但是：insist意為“堅(jiān)持某種動(dòng)作”才用虛擬語(yǔ)氣；意為“堅(jiān)持某種觀點(diǎn)，某個(gè)事實(shí)”則不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。He insists he is a student. 他堅(jiān)持說(shuō)他是個(gè)學(xué)生(表示的是事實(shí)，因此在這個(gè)語(yǔ)句中不能使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣)suggest意為“建議”才用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，意為“暗示”則不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。His face suggests that he looks worried. 他的表情暗含著他很擔(dān)心(本身是事實(shí)，因此它就沒(méi)有用到虛擬語(yǔ)氣)二、even if, even though 所引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中

8、 與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反：從句may/might+動(dòng)詞原形，may/might可以省略， 與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反：從句had done 類似的詞有though/even though/whatever/however/so long as; 主、從句的結(jié)構(gòu)與if所引導(dǎo)的條件從句結(jié)構(gòu)相同Even if he were here himself, he should not know what to do. 即使他親自來(lái)也不知該怎么辦。（事實(shí)：他沒(méi)來(lái)） Nobody could save him even though Hua Tuo should come here. 即使華佗在世也救不了他。（事實(shí)：華佗不在世

9、）三、含蓄的虛擬語(yǔ)氣：but/but for, or，in that case, without, otherwise,四、would rather, had rather, would sooner等后的賓語(yǔ)從句常表示與客觀事實(shí)不符的一種愿望，其虛擬語(yǔ)氣結(jié)構(gòu)為：過(guò)去 had + done Id rather you had seen the film yesterday. 我倒想你昨天看過(guò)了這場(chǎng)電影?，F(xiàn)在 did/were Id rather you were here now. 我倒想你現(xiàn)在在這兒。 將來(lái) did/were Wed rather you went here tomorrow

10、. 我們倒想你明天去那兒五、wish 后賓語(yǔ)從句 1、表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的愿望，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞：did/were I wish I had your brains. 我希望我有你那樣的頭腦。(事實(shí)：我根本比不上你) 2、表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的愿望，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞：had + done I wish I had known the truth of the matter. 我希望我那時(shí)就知道這件事情的真相。（事實(shí)：那時(shí)還不知道） 3、表示將來(lái)難以實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞： would /could / should / might + 動(dòng)詞原形 I wish I should have a chance agai

11、n. 我希望我還能有一次這樣的機(jī)會(huì)。（事實(shí)：很難再有這樣的機(jī)會(huì)了） (if only引導(dǎo)的感嘆句和as if/as though引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句也有相同用法)if only若是該多好??；真希望 與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，從句謂語(yǔ)：did / were 與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，從句謂語(yǔ)：had done If only she had lived a little longer.could have done If only she could have lived a little longer. 將來(lái)可能性不大，從句謂語(yǔ)：would /could / should / might +doas if, as th

12、ough有時(shí)候引導(dǎo)虛擬語(yǔ)氣 與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞：did / were 與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞：had done 將來(lái)可能性不大，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞：would /could / should / might +do六、目的狀語(yǔ)從句 1、在for fear that, in case, lest引導(dǎo)的從句中，若用虛擬語(yǔ)氣時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)為：（should ）+ do。 She examined the door again for fear that a thief (should) come in. 她又把門檢查了一遍，以防盜賊的進(jìn)入。 He started out earlier le

13、st he (should) be late. 他早早的就出發(fā)了以防遲到。 2、so that, in order that所引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句中， 從句中謂語(yǔ)為：can / could / may / might / will / would / should + do He goes closer to the speaker so that he can hear him clearer. 他走近說(shuō)話的人以便能聽(tīng)得更清楚。 He read the letter carefully in order that he should not miss a word. 他把信讀得很仔細(xì)以便不漏掉一

14、個(gè)字。七、虛擬語(yǔ)氣還可用在定語(yǔ)從句中，表示：“早該做某事了”時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞須用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，從句虛擬語(yǔ)氣結(jié)構(gòu)： It is (high / about) time that + 主語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式 should + do（should不可省，且優(yōu)先使用動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式）It is time for sb. to do sth. It is time that I went to pick up my daughter at school. 我該去學(xué)校接我的女兒了。 It is high time you should go to work. 你早該上班了。 It is （the first / sec

15、ond / third）time that 從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用have done It was（the first / second / third）time that 從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用had done八、固定搭配 1. Were it not for“要不是”與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反： Were it not for your help, I would never be a good boss. 2. Had it not been for“當(dāng)時(shí)要不是”與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反： Had it not been for you, I would have lost my way. 3. What if “要是該怎么辦