《聯(lián)合國人權(quán)宣言》中英文對照[參考優(yōu)選]

1、聯(lián)合國人權(quán)宣言中英文對照 世界人權(quán)宣言是人權(quán)史上具有里程碑意義的文件。它由來自世界各個地區(qū)不同法律和文化背景的代表起草，于1948年12月10日在巴黎召開的大會會議上以第217A(III)號決議通過。世界人權(quán)宣言作為所有國家和所有人民的共同成就，第一次規(guī)定了基本人權(quán)應得到普遍保護。世界人權(quán)宣言已被翻譯成近500種語言。宣言是1948年12月10日第三屆聯(lián)合國大會通過的，是有組織的國際社會第一次就人權(quán)和基本自由作出的世界性宣言。宣言由聯(lián)合國人權(quán)委員會起草，并由聯(lián)合國經(jīng)濟和社會理事會正式提交聯(lián)合國大會，在一系列修正案的基礎上，大會經(jīng)過認真討論、審議后予以通過。宣言是國際人權(quán)憲章體系的第一個文件。它

2、明確提出了聯(lián)合國系統(tǒng)人權(quán)活動的基本原則。宣言在序言中稱：鑒于“對人類家庭所有成員的固有尊嚴及其平等的和不移的權(quán)利的承認，乃是世界自由、正義與和平的基礎”，及“各會員國業(yè)已誓愿同聯(lián)合國合作以促進對人權(quán)和基本自由的普遍尊重和遵行”，因此制定這一宣言。序言中還說，宣言作為所有人民和國家努力實現(xiàn)的共同標準，期望每一個人和社會機構(gòu)努力促進權(quán)利和自由的實現(xiàn)，并通過國家和國際社會的措施，使這些權(quán)利和自由得到普遍和有效的承認與尊重。宣言共30條。它第一次在國際范圍內(nèi)系統(tǒng)地提出了人權(quán)的基本內(nèi)容和奮斗目標。宣言提出，人人生而自由，在尊嚴和權(quán)利上一律平等；人人都有資格享受本宣言所載的一切權(quán)利和自由，不論其種族、膚色

3、、性別、語言、財產(chǎn)、宗教、政治或其他見解、國籍或其他出身、身份。這些權(quán)利和自由可分為公民權(quán)利和政治權(quán)利以及經(jīng)濟、社會和文化權(quán)利兩大類。其中，公民權(quán)利和政治權(quán)利包括：生命權(quán)、人身權(quán)、不受奴役和酷刑權(quán)、人格權(quán)、法律面前人人平等權(quán)、無罪推定權(quán)、財產(chǎn)權(quán)、婚姻家庭權(quán)、思想良心和宗教自由權(quán)、參政權(quán)和選舉權(quán)等等；經(jīng)濟、社會和文化權(quán)利包括：工作權(quán)、同工同酬權(quán)、休息和定期帶薪休假權(quán)、組織和參加工會權(quán)、受教育權(quán)、社會保障和享受適當生活水準權(quán)、參加文化生活權(quán)等等。宣言同時規(guī)定，每個人都對社會負有義務，個人在行使權(quán)利和自由時，應依法尊重他人的權(quán)利和自由，并服從道德、公共秩序和普遍福利的需要。宣言是當時國際上各種力量斗

4、爭和妥協(xié)的產(chǎn)物，其核心思想仍然反映了資產(chǎn)階級的“天賦人權(quán)”論。由于當時相當一部分發(fā)展中國家尚處在殖民主義統(tǒng)治之下，因而宣言沒有反映出他們的思想觀點和要求，在這方面具有一定的歷史局限性。但是，由于社會主義國家參加了宣言的制定，這使得它包含了一些新的進步的內(nèi)容，如第二條非歧視條款及經(jīng)濟、社會和文化權(quán)利的條款等，都超出了資產(chǎn)階級人權(quán)觀的范疇，這對世界各國人民進行反帝、反殖、反霸的斗爭具有一定的積極意義。宣言不是一項國際公約，不具有法律效力，但它是世界反法西斯斗爭勝利的成果，表達了世界人民希望不再有踐踏人類生命和尊嚴之事發(fā)生的心愿。它第一次在國際范圍內(nèi)使人權(quán)原則具體化，對世界人權(quán)事業(yè)起到了積極的推動作

5、用。一般認為，宣言是對聯(lián)合國憲章的權(quán)威解釋，因而它被許多國際組織和各國政府廣泛引用。正如我國政府指出的，“世界人權(quán)宣言作為第一個人權(quán)問題的國際文件，為國際人權(quán)領域的實踐奠定了基礎，產(chǎn)生了深遠的影響”。1950年，聯(lián)合國大會將每年的12月10日定為“世界人權(quán)日”。1968年是世界人權(quán)宣言通過的20周年，這一年也被聯(lián)合國定為“國際人權(quán)年”。中國加入了聯(lián)合國,便自然地要認同聯(lián)合國憲章,及世界人權(quán)宣言的精神及內(nèi)容。中華人民共和國民法通則第一百四十二條 ：涉外民事關系的法律適用，依照本章的規(guī)定確定。中華人民共和國締結(jié)或者參 加的國際條約同中華人民共和國的民事法律有不同規(guī)定的，適用 國際條約的規(guī)定，但中華

6、人民共和國聲明保留的條款除外。中華 人民共和國法律和中華人民共和國締結(jié)或者參加的國際條約沒有 規(guī)定的，可以適用國際慣例。它雖然以解決國際條約規(guī)定與國內(nèi) 法沖突為宗旨，但它表明了國際條約在國內(nèi)的直接適用。羅斯?？偨y(tǒng)的夫人艾琳諾羅斯福是起草委員會的主席，該委員會唯一的副主席是一個中國人叫張彭春。 序 言鑒于對人類家庭所有成員的固有尊嚴及其平等的和不移的權(quán)利的承認,乃是世界自由、正義與和平的基礎,鑒于對人權(quán)的無視和侮蔑已發(fā)展為野蠻暴行,這些暴行玷污了人類的良心,而一個人人享有言論和信仰自由并免予恐懼和匱乏的世界的來臨,已被宣布為普通人民的最高愿望,鑒于為使人類不致迫不得已鋌而走險對暴政和壓迫進行反叛

7、,有必要使人權(quán)受法治的保護,鑒于有必要促進各國間友好關系的發(fā)展,鑒于各聯(lián)合國國家的人民已在聯(lián)合國憲章中重申他們對基本人權(quán)、人格尊嚴和價值以及男女平等權(quán)利的信念,并決心促成較大自由中的社會進步和生活水平的改善,鑒于各會員國業(yè)已誓愿同聯(lián)合國合作以促進對人權(quán)和基本自由的普遍尊重和遵行,鑒于對這些權(quán)利和自由的普遍了解對于這個誓愿的充分實現(xiàn)具有很大的重要性, 因此現(xiàn)在, 大會, 發(fā)布這一世界人權(quán)宣言,作為所有人民和所有國家努力實現(xiàn)的共同標準,以期每一個人和社會機構(gòu)經(jīng)常銘念本宣言,努力通過教誨和教育促進對權(quán)利和自由的尊重,并通過國家的和國際的漸進措施,使這些權(quán)利和自由在各會員國本身人民及在其管轄下領土的人

8、民中得到普遍和有效的承認和遵行; 第1條人人生而自由，在尊嚴和權(quán)利上一律平等，他們賦有理性和良心，并應以兄弟關系的精神相對待。第2條人人有資格享受本宣言所載的一切權(quán)利和自由，不分種族、膚色、性別、語言、宗教、政治或其他見解、國籍或社會出身、財產(chǎn)、出生或其他身份等任何區(qū)別。并且不得因一人所屬的國家或領土的政治的、行政的或者國際的地位之不同而有所區(qū)別，無論該領土是獨立領土、托管領土、非自治領土或者處于其他任何主權(quán)受限制的情況之下。第3條人人有權(quán)享有生命、自由和人身安全。第4條任何人不得使為奴隸或奴役；一切形式的奴隸制度和奴隸買賣，均應予以禁止。第5條任何人不得加以酷刑，或施以殘忍的、不人道的或侮辱

9、性的待遇或刑罰。第6條人人在任何地方有權(quán)被承認在法律前的人格。第7條法律之前人人平等，并有權(quán)享受法律的平等保護，不受任何歧視。人人有權(quán)享受平等保護，以免受違反本宣言的任何歧視行為以及煽動這種歧視的任何行為之害。第8條任何人當憲法或法律所賦予他的基本權(quán)利遭受侵害時，有權(quán)由合格的國家法庭對這種侵害行為作有效的補救。第9條任何人不得加以任意逮捕、拘禁或放逐。第10條人人完全平等地有權(quán)由一個獨立而無偏倚的法庭進行公正的和公開的審訊，以確定他的權(quán)利和義務并判定對他提出的任何刑事指控。第11條（一）凡受刑事控告者，在未經(jīng)獲得辯護上所需的一切保證的公開審判而依法證實有罪以前，有權(quán)被視為無罪。（二）任何人的任

10、何行為或不行為，在其發(fā)生時依國家法或國際法均不構(gòu)成刑事罪者，不得被判為犯有刑事罪。刑罰不得重于犯罪時適用的法律規(guī)定。第12條任何人的私生活、家庭、住宅和通信不得任意干涉，他的榮譽和名譽不得加以攻擊。人人有權(quán)享受法律保護，以免受這種干涉或攻擊。第13條（一）人人在各國境內(nèi)有權(quán)自由遷徒和居住。 （二）人人有權(quán)離開任何國家，包括其本國在內(nèi)，并有權(quán)返回他的國家。第14條（一）人人有權(quán)在其他國家尋求和享受庇護以避免迫害。（二）在真正由于非政治性的罪行或違背聯(lián)合國的宗旨和原則的行為而被起訴的情況下，不得援用此種權(quán)利。第15條（一）人人有權(quán)享有國籍。 （二）任何人的國籍不得任意剝奪，亦不得否認其改變國籍的權(quán)

11、利。第16條（一）成年男女，不受種族、國籍或宗教的任何限制，有權(quán)婚嫁和成立家庭。他們在婚姻方面，在結(jié)婚期間和解除婚約時，應有平等的權(quán)利。（二）只有經(jīng)男女雙方的自由和完全的同意，才能締婚。（三）家庭是天然的和基本的社會單元，并應受社會和國家的保護。第17條（一）人人得有單獨的財產(chǎn)所有權(quán)以及同他人合有的所有權(quán)。（二）任何人的財產(chǎn)不得任意剝奪。第18條人人有思想、良心和宗教自由的權(quán)利；此項權(quán)利包括改變他的宗教或信仰的自由，以及單獨或集體、公開或秘密地以教義、實踐、札拜和戒律表示他的宗教或信仰的自由。第19條人人有權(quán)享有主張和發(fā)表意見的自由；此項權(quán)利包括持有主張而不受干涉的自由，以及通過任何媒介和不論

12、國界尋求、接受與傳遞消息和思想的自由。第20條（一）人人有權(quán)享有和平集會和結(jié)社的自由。（二）任何人不得迫使隸屬于某一團體。第21條（一）人人有直接或通過自由選擇的代表參與治理本國的權(quán)利。（二）人人有平等機會參加本國公務的權(quán)利。（三）人民的意志是政府權(quán)力的基礎；這一意志應以定期的和真正的選舉予以表現(xiàn)，而選舉應依據(jù)普遍和平等的投票權(quán)，并以不記名投票或相當?shù)淖杂赏镀背绦蜻M行。第22條每個人，作為社會的一員，有權(quán)享受社會保障，并有權(quán)享受他的個人尊嚴和人格的自由發(fā)展所必需的經(jīng)濟、社會和文化方面各種權(quán)利的實現(xiàn)，這種實現(xiàn)是通過國家努力和國際合作并依照各國的組織和資源情況。第23條（一）人人有權(quán)工作、自由選擇

13、職業(yè)、享受公正和合適的工作條件并享受免于失業(yè)的保障。（二）人人有同工同酬的權(quán)利，不受任何歧視。（三）每一個工作的人，有權(quán)享受公正和合適的報酬，保證使他本人和家屬有一個符合人的尊嚴的生活條件，必要時并輔以其他方式的社會保障。（四）人人有為維護其利益而組織和參加工會的權(quán)利。第24條人人有享受休息和閑暇的權(quán)利，包括工作時間有合理限制和定期給薪休假的權(quán)利。第25條（一）人人有權(quán)享受力維持他本人和家屬的健康和福利所需的生活水準，包括食物、衣著、住房、醫(yī)療和必要的社會服務；在遭到失業(yè)、疾病、殘廢、守寡、衰老或在其他不能控制的情況下喪失謀生能力時，有權(quán)享受保障。（二）母親和兒童有權(quán)享受特別照顧和協(xié)助。一切兒

14、童，無論婚生或非婚生，都應享受同樣的社會保護。在初級和基本階段應如此。初級教育應屬義務性質(zhì)。技術(shù)和職業(yè)教育應普遍設立，高等教育應根據(jù)成績而對一切人平等開放。（二）教育的目的在于充分發(fā)展的個性并加強對人權(quán)和基本自由的尊重。教育應促進各國、各種族或各宗教集團間的了解、容忍和友誼，并應促進聯(lián)合國維護和平的各項活動。（三）父母對其子女所應受的教育的種類，有優(yōu)先選擇的權(quán)利。第26條（一）人人都有受教育的權(quán)利，教育應當免費，至少在初級和基本階段應如此。初級教育應屬義務性質(zhì)。技術(shù)和職業(yè)教育應普遍設立，高等教育應根據(jù)成績而對一切人平等開放。（二）教育的目的在于充分發(fā)展的個性并加強對人權(quán)和基本自由的尊重。教育應

15、促進各國、各種族或各宗教集團間的了解、容忍和友誼，并應促進聯(lián)合國維護和平的各項活動。（三）父母對其子女所應受的教育的種類，有優(yōu)先選擇的權(quán)利。第27條（一）人人有權(quán)自由參加社會的文化生活，享受藝術(shù)，并分享科學進步及其產(chǎn)生的福利。（二）人人對由于他所創(chuàng)作的任何科學、文學或美術(shù)作品而產(chǎn)生的精神的和物質(zhì)的利益，有享受保護的權(quán)利。第28條人人有權(quán)要求一種社會的和國際的秩序，在這種秩序中，本宣言所載的權(quán)利和自由能獲得充分實現(xiàn)。第29條（一）人人對社會負有義務，因為只有在社會中他的個性可能得到自由和充分的發(fā)展。（二）人人在行使他的權(quán)利和自由時，只受法律所確定的限制，確定此種限制的唯一目的在于保證對旁人的權(quán)利

16、和自由給予應有的承認和尊重，并在一個民主的社會中適應道德、公共秩序和普遍福利的正當需要。（三）這些權(quán)利和自由的行使，無論在任何情形下均不得違背聯(lián)合國的宗旨和原則。第30條宣言的任何條文，不得解釋為默許任何國家、集團或個人有權(quán)進行任何旨在破壞本宣言所載的任何權(quán)利和自由的活動或行為。 Universal Declaration of Human RightsPreambleWhereas recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human fa

17、mily is the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world,Whereas disregard and contempt for human rights have resulted in barbarous acts which have outraged the conscience of mankind, and the advent of a world in which human beings shall enjoy freedom of speech and belief and freedom from f

18、ear and want has been proclaimed as the highest aspiration of the common people,Whereas it is essential, if man is not to be compelled to have recourse, as a last resort, to rebellion against tyranny and oppression, that human rights should be protected by the rule of law,Whereas it is essential to

19、promote the development of friendly relations between nations,Whereas the peoples of the United Nations have in the Charter reaffirmed their faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person and in the equal rights of men and women and have determined to promote social

20、progress and better standards of life in larger freedom,Whereas Member States have pledged themselves to achieve, in cooperation with the United Nations, the promotion of universal respect for and observance of human rights and fundamental freedoms,Whereas a common understanding of these rights and

21、freedoms is of the greatest importance for the full realization of this pledge,Now, therefore,The General Assembly,Proclaims this Universal Declaration of Human Rights as a common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations, to the end that every individual and every organ of society, ke

22、eping this Declaration constantly in mind, shall strive by teaching and education to promote respect for these rights and freedoms and by progressive measures, national and international, to secure their universal and effective recognition and observance, both among the peoples of Member States them

23、selves and among the peoples of territories under their jurisdiction.Article 1All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.Article 2Everyone is entitled to all the rights and

24、freedoms set forth in this Declaration, without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status.Furthermore, no distinction shall be made on the basis of the political, jurisdictional or in

25、ternational status of the country or territory to which a person belongs, whether it be independent, trust, non-self-governing or under any other limitation of sovereignty.Article 3Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person.Article 4No one shall be held in slavery or servitude; s

26、lavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms.Article 5No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.Article 6Everyone has the right to recognition everywhere as a person before the law.Article 7All are equal before the law and are

27、 entitled without any discrimination to equal protection of the law. All are entitled to equal protection against any discrimination in violation of this Declaration and against any incitement to such discrimination.Article 8Everyone has the right to an effective remedy by the competent national tri

28、bunals for acts violating the fundamental rights granted him by the constitution or by law.Article 9No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest, detention or exile.Article 10Everyone is entitled in full equality to a fair and public hearing by an independent and impartial tribunal, in the determin

29、ation of his rights and obligations and of any criminal charge against him.Article 11Everyone charged with a penal offence has the right to be presumed innocent until proved guilty according to law in a public trial at which he has had all the guarantees necessary for his defence.No one shall be hel

30、d guilty of any penal offence on account of any act or omission which did not constitute a penal offence, under national or international law, at the time when it was committed. Nor shall a heavier penalty be imposed than the one that was applicable at the time the penal offence was committed.Articl

31、e 12No one shall be subjected to arbitrary interference with his privacy, family, home or correspondence, nor to attacks upon his honour and reputation. Everyone has the right to the protection of the law against such interference or attacks.Article 13Everyone has the right to freedom of movement an

32、d residence within the borders of each State.Everyone has the right to leave any country, including his own, and to return to his country.Article 14Everyone has the right to seek and to enjoy in other countries asylum from persecution.This right may not be invoked in the case of prosecutions genuine

33、ly arising from non-political crimes or from acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations.Article 15Everyone has the right to a nationality.No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his nationality nor denied the right to change his nationality.Article 16Men and women of full age

34、, without any limitation due to race, nationality or religion, have the right to marry and to found a family. They are entitled to equal rights as to marriage, during marriage and at its dissolution.Marriage shall be entered into only with the free and full consent of the intending spouses.The famil

35、y is the natural and fundamental group unit of society and is entitled to protection by society and the State.Article 17Everyone has the right to own property alone as well as in association with others.No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his property.Article 18Everyone has the right to freedom

36、of thought, conscience and religion; this right includes freedom to change his religion or belief, and freedom, either alone or in community with others and in public or private, to manifest his religion or belief in teaching, practice, worship and observance.Article 19Everyone has the right to free

37、dom of opinion and expression_r_r_r_r; this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers.Article 20Everyone has the right to freedom of peaceful assembly and association.No one may be

38、compelled to belong to an association.Article 21Everyone has the right to take part in the government of his country, directly or through freely chosen representatives.Everyone has the right to equal access to public service in his country.The will of the people shall be the basis of the authority o

39、f government; this will shall be expressed in periodic and genuine elections which shall be by universal and equal suffrage and shall be held by secret vote or by equivalent free voting procedures.Article 22Everyone, as a member of society, has the right to social security and is entitled to realiza

40、tion, through national effort and international co-operation and in accordance with the organization and resources of each State, of the economic, social and cultural rights indispensable for his dignity and the free development of his personality.Article 23Everyone has the right to work, to free ch

41、oice of employment, to just and favourable conditions of work and to protection against unemployment.Everyone, without any discrimination, has the right to equal pay for equal work.Everyone who works has the right to just and favourable remuneration ensuring for himself and his family an existence w

42、orthy of human dignity, and supplemented, if necessary, by other means of social protection.Everyone has the right to form and to join trade unions for the protection of his interests.Article 24Everyone has the right to rest and leisure, including reasonable limitation of working hours and periodic

43、holidays with pay.Article 25Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of himself and of his family, including food, clothing, housing and medical care and necessary social services, and the right to security in the event of unemployment, sickness, disabili

44、ty, widowhood, old age or other lack of livelihood in circumstances beyond his control.Motherhood and childhood are entitled to special care and assistance. All children, whether born in or out of wedlock, shall enjoy the same social protection.Article 26Everyone has the right to education. Educatio

45、n shall be free, at least in the elementary and fundamental stages. Elementary education shall be compulsory. Technical and professional education shall be made generally available and higher education shall be equally accessible to all on the basis of merit.Education shall be directed to the full development of the human personality and to the strengthening of respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms. It shall promote understanding, tolerance and friendship among all nations, racial or rel