(藍(lán)牙核心架構(gòu))(一)[參考優(yōu)選]

1、Bluetooth Core Architecture Blocks （藍(lán)牙核心架構(gòu)）（一）標(biāo)簽：interfaceprotocolsservicesystem測(cè)試layer2012-07-26 18:507098人閱讀評(píng)論(4)收藏舉報(bào)分類：BlueTooth（13）首先，第一幅圖是藍(lán)牙官網(wǎng)上的圖示，對(duì)應(yīng)藍(lán)牙4.0版本。（2012年7月份最新更新）因?yàn)樵搱D不很清楚，有人重畫了下，稍微修改了其中一部分，如下圖：為便于理解，附上v1.0的架構(gòu)圖示如下：為了便于理解，最后附上M$上關(guān)于藍(lán)牙協(xié)議的圖示，如下圖：下面就是關(guān)于藍(lán)牙官網(wǎng)上文章的翻譯了，因?yàn)闀r(shí)間和水平有限，主要是水平有限，翻譯難免有誤差之處

2、，歡迎斧正。（/Building/HowTechnologyWorks/Architecture/Overview.htm）Core System DefinitionTheBluetoothcore system covers the four lowest layers andassociated protocols defined by theBluetoothspecificationas well asone common service layer protocol, theservice discovery protocol (SD

3、P) and the overall profile requirements arespecified in the generic access profile (GAP). A completeBluetoothapplication requires a number of additional servicesand higher layer protocols that are defined in theBluetoothspecification.(這段話的理解非常重要，為了準(zhǔn)確翻譯這段話，我還深入研究了“as well as”的用法）藍(lán)牙核心系統(tǒng)覆蓋了藍(lán)牙spec中定義的最低

4、層的四個(gè)部分以及相關(guān)協(xié)議，同時(shí)還包括一個(gè)通用服務(wù)層協(xié)議，服務(wù)發(fā)現(xiàn)協(xié)議以及在GAP中指出的全部需求。同時(shí)，一個(gè)完整的藍(lán)牙應(yīng)用程序還需要其他一些附加的服務(wù)和在藍(lán)牙spe中定義的更高層的協(xié)議。BluetoothControllerThe lowest three layers aresometimes grouped into a subsystem known as theBluetoothcontroller. This is a common implementation involvinga standard physical communications interface between

5、 theBluetoothcontroller and remainder of theBluetoothsystem including the L2CAP, service layers and higherlayers (known as theBluetoothhost). Although this interface is optional, the architecture is designedto allow for its existence and characteristics. TheBluetoothspecification enables interoperab

6、ility betweenindependentBluetoothenabledsystems by defining the protocol messages exchanged between equivalent layers,and also interoperability between independentBluetoothsub-systems by defining a common interface betweenBluetoothcontrollers andBluetoothhosts.藍(lán)牙控制部分最底下的三層有時(shí)候被歸為一組成為一個(gè)子系統(tǒng)稱做藍(lán)牙控制器。這是一個(gè)

7、通用的執(zhí)行部分，包括一個(gè)用于藍(lán)牙控制器和藍(lán)牙系統(tǒng)其他剩余部分之間的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的物理通信接口，這些剩余部分包括L2CAP，服務(wù)層以及更高級(jí)的層次（常叫做藍(lán)牙host）。雖然這個(gè)接口并非必不可少，但是本架構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)上允許它的存在和特點(diǎn)。藍(lán)牙說明書通過定義同等層間的協(xié)議信息交換來使得獨(dú)立的藍(lán)牙系統(tǒng)之間協(xié)調(diào)工作，同時(shí)，通過定義一個(gè)藍(lán)牙控制器和藍(lán)牙host間的通用接口，保障了藍(lán)牙子系統(tǒng)之間的協(xié)調(diào)工作能力。A number of functional blocksare shown and the path of services and data between these. The functionalbloc

8、ks shown in the diagram are informative; in general theBluetoothspecification does not define the details ofimplementations except where this is required for interoperability.很多功能塊以及他們之間的服務(wù)和數(shù)據(jù)傳輸路徑如圖所示。這些功能塊提供了很多的信息?？偟膩碚f，藍(lán)牙spec不會(huì)定義執(zhí)行體之間的細(xì)節(jié)部分，除非他們之間要求協(xié)同工作。Core System Protocols andSignalingStandard int

9、eractions aredefined for all inter-device operation, whereBluetoothdevices exchange protocol signaling according to theBluetoothspecification. TheBluetoothcore system protocols are the radio (RF) protocol,link control (LC) protocol, link manager (LM) protocol and logical link controland adaptation p

10、rotocol (L2CAP), all of which are fully defined in subsequentparts of theBluetoothspecification. In addition, the service discovery protocol (SDP) is a servicelayer protocol required by allBluetoothapplications.核心系統(tǒng)協(xié)議和信號(hào)為內(nèi)部設(shè)備之間的操作定義了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的交互流程，在這些內(nèi)部操作中，根據(jù)藍(lán)牙spec藍(lán)牙設(shè)備交互協(xié)議信號(hào)。藍(lán)牙核心系統(tǒng)協(xié)議棧包括RF協(xié)議，鏈接控制協(xié)議，鏈接管理西醫(yī)和邏

11、輯連接控制適應(yīng)協(xié)議（L2CAP），這些協(xié)議在藍(lán)牙spec隨后部分中都均有定義。另外，服務(wù)發(fā)現(xiàn)協(xié)議是一個(gè)所有藍(lán)牙應(yīng)用程序都需要的服務(wù)層協(xié)議。TheBluetoothcore system offers services through a number ofservice access points that are shown in the diagram as ellipses. These servicesconsist of the basic primitives that control theBluetoothcore system. The services can be spl

12、it into threetypes. There are device control services that modify the behavior and modes ofaBluetoothdevice,transport control services that create, modify and release traffic bearers(channels and links), and data services that are used to submit data fortransmission over traffic bearers. It is commo

13、n to consider the first two asbelonging to the C-plane and the last as belonging to the U-plane.藍(lán)牙核心系統(tǒng)為許多服務(wù)通路點(diǎn)（AP）提供服務(wù)，如圖中橢圓點(diǎn)處所示。這些服務(wù)有控制藍(lán)牙核心系統(tǒng)的基元組成。這些服務(wù)可以分成三種類型。第一種是設(shè)備控制服務(wù)用于修改藍(lán)牙設(shè)備的行為和工作方式，第二種是傳輸控制服務(wù)用于創(chuàng)建、修改以及釋放通信送信單元（信道和鏈接），第三種是數(shù)據(jù)服務(wù)用于在通信送信單元上為傳送功能傳遞數(shù)據(jù)。很容易的理解前兩個(gè)屬于C層面，最后一個(gè)屬于U層面。Host to ControllerInterf

14、ace (HCI): SplitsBluetoothStack Into Controller and HostA service interface to theBluetoothcontroller sub-system is defined such that theBluetoothcontroller may be considered a standard part. In thisconfiguration theBluetoothcontroller operates the lowest three layers and the L2CAP layer is containe

15、dwith the rest of theBluetoothapplication in a host system. The standard interface is called the hostto controller interface (HCI). Implementation of this standard serviceinterface is optional.主機(jī)和控制器接口（HCI）：劃分藍(lán)牙協(xié)議棧為控制器和主機(jī)和藍(lán)牙控制器子系統(tǒng)的服務(wù)接口定義如下：藍(lán)牙控制器被認(rèn)為是一個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的部分。在一個(gè)主機(jī)系統(tǒng)中，藍(lán)牙控制器操作最底下的三層和L2CAP的這種配置包含在藍(lán)牙應(yīng)用程序的

16、其他部分。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)接口稱為HCI。對(duì)這個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)服務(wù)的接口的實(shí)現(xiàn)是可有可無的。As theBluetootharchitecture is defined with the possibility of aseparate host and controller communicating through an HCI, a number of generalassumptions are made. TheBluetoothcontroller is assumed to have limited data buffering capabilities incomparison with the h

17、ost. Therefore the L2CAP layer is expected to carry outsome simple resource management when submitting L2CAP PDUs to the controllerfor transport to a peer device. This includes segmentation of L2CAP SDUs intomore manageable PDUs and then the fragmentation of PDUs into start andcontinuation packets o

18、f a size suitable for the controller buffers, andmanagement of the use of controller buffers to ensure availability for channelswith quality of service (QoS) commitments.既然藍(lán)牙架構(gòu)可以定義成通過HCI通信的一個(gè)主機(jī)和一個(gè)控制器，所以就須假設(shè)一些通用的東西。和主機(jī)相比，假設(shè)藍(lán)牙控制器有著有限的數(shù)據(jù)緩存能力。因此就期望在給一個(gè)對(duì)等的設(shè)備傳輸數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)，當(dāng)遞交L2CAPPDU給控制器過程中，L2CAP層來執(zhí)行一些簡(jiǎn)單的資源管理工作。這

19、些工作包括把L2CAP SDU分割成更多的可以管理的PDU以及進(jìn)一步把PDU細(xì)化成更小的部分，這些部分可以適合在控制器緩沖中進(jìn)行開始和延續(xù)大小的包，還有為了卻確保信道的QoS責(zé)任的可行性進(jìn)行的對(duì)控制器緩沖利用的管理工作。Error Detection in L2CAP LayerThe baseband layer providesthe basic ARQ protocol inBluetoothtechnology. The L2CAP layer can optionally provide a further errordetection and retransmission to t

20、he L2CAP PDUs. This feature is recommended forapplications with requirements for a low probability of undetected errors inthe user data. A further optional feature of L2CAP is a window-based flowcontrol that can be used to manage buffer allocation in the receiving device.Both of these optional featu

21、res augment the QoS performance in certainscenarios.LCAP層的錯(cuò)誤檢測(cè)在藍(lán)牙技術(shù)中，基帶層提供基本的ARQ協(xié)議。L2CAP可以有選擇性地提供深層次的錯(cuò)誤檢測(cè)和對(duì)L2CAPPDU的重傳機(jī)制。這個(gè)特性對(duì)一些應(yīng)用程序有推薦作用，這些應(yīng)用程序在對(duì)用戶數(shù)據(jù)沒有檢測(cè)到錯(cuò)誤存在低的可能性有著一定的要求。L2CAP的的另外一個(gè)可能的特性是，基于窗口的流控制在接受設(shè)備端可被應(yīng)用來管理緩沖分配。這兩個(gè)可選擇性的特性在一定場(chǎng)景提高了QoS的性能。Although these assumptions maynot be required for embeddedB

22、luetoothtechnology implementations that combine all layers in a single system,the general architectural and QoS models are defined with these assumptions inmind, in effect a lowest common denominator.對(duì)于那些將所有的層聯(lián)合在一個(gè)獨(dú)立系統(tǒng)的嵌入式藍(lán)牙技術(shù)來說，在實(shí)現(xiàn)來上，雖然這些假設(shè)可能并沒有要求，依據(jù)這些假設(shè)的通用架構(gòu)和QoS模式已經(jīng)在大腦中形成，實(shí)際上是最小公分母。Testing Interfa

23、ces: RF and Test Control Interface (TCI)Automated conformance testingof implementations of theBluetoothcore system is required. This is achieved by allowing the tester tocontrol the implementation through the RF interface, which is common to allBluetoothsystems, and through the test control interfac

24、e(TCI), which is only required for conformance testing.測(cè)試接口：射頻和測(cè)試控制接口藍(lán)牙核心系統(tǒng)實(shí)現(xiàn)的自動(dòng)化一致性測(cè)試是必須的。這個(gè)測(cè)試是通過允許測(cè)試人員通過射頻接口來控制它的實(shí)現(xiàn)來得到的，這對(duì)所有的藍(lán)牙系統(tǒng)來說很普通的，并且通過這個(gè)測(cè)試控制接口（TCI），這是在一致性測(cè)試中唯一要求的。The tester uses exchanges withthe implementation under test (IUT) through the RF interface to ensure thecorrect responses to requests from remote devices. The tester controls the IUTthrough the TCI to cause the IUT to originate exchanges through the RF interfaceso that these can also be verified