偶極矩的測(cè)定實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)處理

1、6、 實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)處理1、 計(jì)算各溶液的摩爾分?jǐn)?shù)濃度x2. 表1、實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)處理表一序號(hào)環(huán)己烷質(zhì)量m1（g)乙酸乙酯質(zhì)量m2(g)1環(huán)己烷物質(zhì)的量n1（mol）乙酸乙酯物質(zhì)的量n2(mol)摩爾分?jǐn)?shù)x2119.95230.28270.23710.0.013218.97701.04150.22550.011820.050317.93682.10870.21310.023930.101416.81963.14080.19990.035650.151515.71804.30200.18680.048830.207計(jì)算過程舉例：（以序號(hào)1為例）已知：環(huán)己烷相對(duì)分子質(zhì)量M1=84.16g/mol、乙酸乙酯相對(duì)

2、分子質(zhì)量M2=88.11g/mol。環(huán)己烷物質(zhì)的量n1=m1/M1=19.9523/84.16=0.2371mol乙酸乙酯物質(zhì)的量n2=m2/M2=0.2827/88.11=0.mol溶液的摩爾分?jǐn)?shù)濃度x2=n2/n1=0./0.2371=0.0132、 計(jì)算環(huán)己烷及各溶液的密度溶，作溶x2圖，由直線斜率求算值。 表2、實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)處理表二摩爾分?jǐn)?shù)x2環(huán)己烷的質(zhì)量m1(g)水質(zhì)量m2(g)各溶液密度（g/ml)0.0002.30602.98290.77310.0132.31640.77660.0502.32680.78000.1012.33740.78360.1512.34610.78650.20

3、72.35500.7895由表2實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)作溶x2圖如下：計(jì)算過程舉例：（純環(huán)己烷為例） 環(huán)己烷=m環(huán)己烷/m水=2.3060/2.9829=0.7731(g/ml) 由圖1的直線斜率為k=0.0657；根據(jù)公式溶=環(huán)己烷（1+x2）： k=環(huán)己烷 =k/環(huán)己烷=0.0657/0.7731=0.084983、 作n溶-x2圖，由直線斜率求算值。 表3、實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)處理表三摩爾分?jǐn)?shù)x2折射率n折射率平均值n0.0001.42601.42631.42611.42610.0131.42511.42491.42501.42500.0501.42311.42301.42291.42300.1011.41901

4、.41891.41891.41890.1511.41551.41621.41621.41600.2071.41261.41241.41241.4125計(jì)算過程舉例：（以x2=0.000為例）折射率平均值n=（1.4260+1.4263+1.4261）/3=1.4261由表3實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)作n溶-x2圖，如圖3：由圖2得直線斜率為k=-0.0657；根據(jù)公式：n溶=n環(huán)己烷（1+x2）得 k=n環(huán)己烷 =k/n環(huán)己烷 =-0.0657/1.4261=-0.046074、 計(jì)算C0、Cd和各溶液的C溶值，求出各溶液的介電常數(shù)，作溶-x2圖，由直線斜率求算值。已知環(huán)己烷的介電常數(shù)溫度公式為：環(huán)己烷=2.0

5、52-0.00155t實(shí)驗(yàn)室溫度為t=21.9，則：標(biāo)=環(huán)己烷=2.052-0.0015521.9=2.018對(duì)于環(huán)己烷：C空=5.66PF,C標(biāo)=8.19PFCd=（標(biāo)C空-C標(biāo)）/(標(biāo)-1)=(2.0185.66-8.19)/(2.018-1)=3.17PF因?yàn)榻频卣J(rèn)為空氣與真空電容C0相等，即C空=C0，則：C0=C空=C空-Cd=5.66-3.17=2.49PF各溶液的介電常數(shù)列表如下：摩爾分?jǐn)?shù)x2C溶（PF）溶0.0135.132.060.0505.382.160.1015.772.320.1516.152.470.2076.612.65 表4、 數(shù)據(jù)處理表四計(jì)算過程舉例：（以x2=0.013為例）實(shí)驗(yàn)中測(cè)得的C溶=8.30PFC溶=C溶-Cd=8.30-3.17=5.13PF溶=C溶/C0=5.13/2.4