定語從句的整合與拆分

1、.Grammar:定語從句(Attributive Clauses)定義： 定語從句(Attributive Clauses)：由關(guān)系詞(關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞)引導(dǎo)的從句，其作用是作定語修飾主句的某個(gè)名詞和代詞，相當(dāng)于形容詞，所以又稱為形容詞性從句，一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞后面。被定語從句修飾的詞叫先行詞，引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞可分為關(guān)系代詞(who, whom, whose, which, that)和關(guān)系副詞(when, where, why) 關(guān)系詞都充當(dāng)從句的某個(gè)成分，它所替代的相應(yīng)成分應(yīng)省去。在定語從句中，當(dāng)who, which, that作主語時(shí)，謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)與先行詞保

2、持一致。關(guān)系詞常有3個(gè)作用：引導(dǎo)定語從句。代替先行詞。在定語從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個(gè)成分。定語從句分為限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句。非限制性定語從句與先行詞的關(guān)系不如限制性定語從句與先行詞的關(guān)系緊密，沒有它，主句的意思也清楚，因此用逗號(hào)隔開。關(guān)系詞在非限制性定語從句中的用法與在限制性定語從句中的用法基本一樣。一.關(guān)系代詞以及基本用法關(guān)系代詞指代對(duì)象作用例句That人. 物主.(賓).表語The student that answered the question was John.The book (that) you lent me was interesting.Which物主.(賓)Footb

3、all is a game which is liked by most boys. This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. Who人主.(賓)A doctor is a person who looks after peoples health.The man(who)you met just now is my friend.Whom人(賓)The man(whom)you met just now is my friend. Mr. Ling is just the boy(whom)I want to see. Whose人.物定He

4、has a friend whose father is a doctor.Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.注意一：1)介詞后面的關(guān)系詞不能省略。2)that前不能有介詞。模仿范例，把下列兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句合成帶有定語從句的復(fù)合句。1. The boys are from Class One. The boys are playing football. (1)第一句為主句，第二句為從句，將兩個(gè)單句合并為一句。The boys(the boys are playing football) are from Class On

5、e. (2) 括號(hào)中句子里的主語the boys, 和先行詞是同一個(gè)詞，應(yīng)該用關(guān)系詞替換從句中重復(fù)的the boys. The boys 在從句中作主語，關(guān)系詞中能作主語并代表人的是who, thatThe boys(whothat are playing football) are from Class One. (3) whothat=the boys, 在定語從句中做主語的成分，并連接先行詞和定語從句。2. I found the letter. The letter came yesterday. (1)第一句為主句，第二句為從句，將兩個(gè)單句合并為一句。 I found The let

6、ter( the letter came yesterday). (2)用關(guān)系詞替換從句中重復(fù)的the letter, 關(guān)系詞中能作主語并代表物的是which, thatI found The letter(whichthat came yesterday).(3)whichthat=the letter, 在定語從句中做主語的成分，并連接先行詞和定語從句。3. The man is my friend. You met the man just now (1)第一句為主句，第二句為從句，將兩個(gè)單句合并為一句。The man (you met the man just now) is my f

7、riend. (2)用關(guān)系詞替換從句中重復(fù)的the man, 關(guān)系詞中能作賓語并代表人的是whom, thatThe man (whomthat you met just now) is my friend. (3)whomthat=the man, 在定語從句中做賓語的成分，并連接先行詞和定語從句。做賓語的關(guān)系詞whomthat 可以省略The man ( you met just now) is my friend.4. I helped the man. The mans car was broken. (1)第一句為主句，第二句為從句，將兩個(gè)單句合并為一句。 I helped the

8、man (the mans car was broken). (2) the mans 是名詞所有格，起到定語的作用修飾 car, 用關(guān)系詞替換從句中重復(fù)的the man, 關(guān)系詞中能作定語，表示“誰的”是whoseI helped the man (whose car was broken). (3) whose=the mans, 在定語從句中做定語，并連接先行詞和定語從句。 Whose不但可以表示“誰的”，還可以指物，表示“什么的”。例如：I once lived in a house. The roof of the house has fallen in./ The houses r

9、oof has fallen in.I once lived in a house (the roof of the house has fallen in)/I once lived in a house (the houses roof has fallen in.)此句可改為：I once lived in a house (the roof of which has fallen in)/(whose roof has fallen in).介詞+關(guān)系代詞可提前，此句還可改為I once lived in a house (of which the roof has fallen in

10、)5. This news is coming fromthe country. The country is on the other side of the world. This news is coming from the country which/that is on the other side of the world.6.The minerals were unusual. We found them in the rocks.The minerals which/that we found in the rocks were unusual.7. This rocket

11、is being built for the satellite. The satellite will be sent into space next year.This rocket is being built for the satellite which/that will be sent into space next year.8. The house is our home. Its door is green/the door of the house is green.The house whose door is green is our home./ The house

12、 the door of which is green is our home./The house of which the door is green is our home.9. I see some trees. The leaves of these trees are white. I see some trees whose leaves are white. / I see some trees the leaves of which are white./ I see some trees of which the leaves are white.練習(xí)1.The boy c

13、ame to see me yesterday. He is Toms brother. _2. The machines were connected with wires. The wires were very old . _3. I know the boy. You gave a book to him. _4. We had dinner with John. He told us stories about his travels . _5. Will you please lend me the very book? You bought it last Sunday. _6.

14、 The student is our monitor. Our headmaster praised him at the school meeting. _7. He works in a middle school. There is a river in front of the school . _8. He used to live in a big house. In front of it grew many banana trees. _9. They passed a factory. At the back of the factory there were rice f

15、ields. _10. The soldier ran to the building. On the top of it flew a flag. _11. In the evening they arrived at a hill. At the foot of the hill there was a temple._12. She came into a big room. In the middle of it stood a large table. _ 13.We had to circle around the city in our plane. It looked very

16、 beautiful. _14. Do you know the doctor? He comes here once a month and examines the workers._15. The foreign guest is Mr. Green.You saw him at the school gate. _16. He is the new head. I was talking about him this morning. _17. I ve received the book. Father sent it to me _18.The doctor cured me of

17、 fever. He always worked heart and soul ._19.The experiment failed. The scientist was working on it day and night. _20. Whats the name of the girl? Her grandpa took part in the Long March. _21.The building is my uncles house. Its wall is white. _22. That house is mine. The window of the house is blu

18、e. _23.The boy was quickly taken to hospital. His legs were badly hurt. _24.Is the notebook yours? Its cover is green. _25. I have a pen friend. His father is a policeman. _26. We will visit the town. I have heard of its name. _27. The boss had heard about the accident. Mr King worked in his company

19、. _28.The lady is very pleased .You found her purse . _把下列含有定語從句的句子拆分成兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句。1.The man who has a positive attitude will succeed.The man has a positive attitude. He will succeed. 2.The girl who is sitting in the corner is a singer.The girl is a singer. The girl is sitting in the corner.3.The boys(the

20、boys are playing football) are from Class One.The boys are from Class One. The boys are playing football.4.The man who I saw is called Smith._5. Her parents wouldnt allow her to marry anyone whose family was poor._6.The person (whom) you wish to see has come. _7.I feel sorry for famous people who li

21、ve their lives in the glare of publicity._8. A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan_9.Hes not the kind of man who would go back on his words._10. They first went to a large room that looked like a shop_11. The man and the horse that fell into the river were drowned(淹死)._12.People who use

22、d horses to pull heavy loads would choose to keep stronger animals._13.We write long letters in which we often discover our strangest selves._14.One of the reasons that made it cool for him not to care was the power of his peer group._15.The first interactions human had with horses were far differen

23、t from those today._16.I saw a woman running toward me in the dark. Before I could recognize who she was, she had run back in the direction from which she had come._17. The train ran over and killed a girl and her dog that were just crossing the road.關(guān)系副詞用法：關(guān)系副詞指示對(duì)象作用例句When時(shí)間狀語Ill never forget the d

24、ays when I worked together with youThe time when we got together finally came.Where地點(diǎn)狀語This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled downShanghai is the city where I was born.Why原因狀語(1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.(

25、2) I dont know the reason why he looks unhappy today.關(guān)系副詞（在句中作狀語）關(guān)系副詞=介詞+關(guān)系代詞why=for which（先行詞一般是reason）Where=in/ at/ on/ . which (介詞同先行詞搭配)When=during/ on/ in/ . which (介詞同先行詞搭配) 某些在從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)或原因狀語的介詞+關(guān)系詞結(jié)構(gòu)可以同關(guān)系副詞when ,where和why 互換。where = in/at + whichwhen=in/on/at/during + which why = for whichwh

26、ose=of which/whom+the+物/人=the+物/人+of which/whom定語從句合并練習(xí)1. I still remember the day. I first came to the school on the day.(1)第一句為主句，第二句為從句，將兩個(gè)單句合并為一句。 I still remember the day (I first came to the school on the day).(2)重復(fù)的詞是the day, on the day在從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間狀語的成分，關(guān)系詞中能作時(shí)間狀語的詞是when.I still remember the day

27、(when I first came to the school).(3) when=on the day, 在定語從句中做時(shí)間狀語，并連接先行詞和定語從句。2. The house has been pulled down. I lived in the house ten years ago. (1)第一句為主句，第二句為從句，將兩個(gè)單句合并為一句。 The house (I lived in the house ten years ago) has been pulled down.(2)重復(fù)的詞是the house, in the house在從句中做地點(diǎn)狀語的成分，關(guān)系詞中能作地點(diǎn)狀

28、語的詞是where.The house (where I lived ten years ago) has been pulled down. (3) where=in the house, 在定語從句中做地點(diǎn)狀語，并連接先行詞和定語從句。3. The reason is not clear. He refused the invitation for the reason. (1)第一句為主句，第二句為從句，將兩個(gè)單句合并為一句。 The reason (he refused the invitation for the reason ) is not clear.(2)重復(fù)的詞是the r

29、eason, for the reason在從句中做原因狀語的成分，關(guān)系詞中能作原因狀語的詞是why.The reason (why he refused the invitation) is not clear.(3) why=for the reason, 在定語從句中做原因狀語，并連接先行詞和定語從句。另外關(guān)系副詞when, where, why可以改為 ,介詞+which, 介詞取決于與先行詞的搭配。例如：1.I still remember the day (when I first came to the school).= I still remember the day (on

30、 which I first came to the school).2.The house (where I lived ten years ago) has been pulled down.=The house (in which I lived ten years ago) has been pulled down.3.The reason (why he refused the invitation) is not clear.=The reason (for which he refused the invitation) is not clear.4. The box is fu

31、ll of bottles. He is standing on the box. - The box on which he is standing is full of bottles.The box where he is standing is full of bottles.5. This is the train. We work on the train.-_9. I know the reason. She did it for the reason.-_10. The man is our school master. You shook hands with the man

32、 just now. - _11. The pen is made in Shanghai. She is writing with the pen. -_12. Shanghai is the city. I was born in the city. -_13. This is the school where I studied a few years ago. -_14. Lets go to the concert, where you will find much fun. -_15. I still remember the day. I first came to the sc

33、hool on the day.-_16. Please tell me the reason.You are late for the reason. -_17. The reason is not clear. He refused the invitation for the reason.-_含定語從句的復(fù)合句分解成兩個(gè)句子1. Dictionary is the only place where success comes before work.-_2. Defeat is a school where truth always grows strong.-_3. Courage

34、is the ladder where all the other virtues mount.-_4.America is the country where I was born in the country.-_5. This is the reason why he is leaving now.-_6.There are thirty students in the class, most of whom are from the city. _7. He is the only person that was present at the time._8. Please just

35、tell me anything that you know about the author of the book._9. He is no longer the simple-minded man that he was five years ago._10. They hired two boats in which they came up to the source of the river._11. Its very hard for those who havent been to the small village to describe its beauty._12. I

36、find it hard to cooperate with those who always stick to their own opinions._一. 用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空：1. We are learning English, _ is used in many places in the world.2. Most Americans love Chinese food, _ is cooked in a different way from western food.3. This magazine belongs to the teacher _ teaches us histo

37、ry.4. Anyone _ comes to China will surely visit the Great Wall near Beijing.5. Anyone _ has a cold should have a good rest.6. The house _ stands on the top of the hill was built last month.7. The medicine _ he bought is good for your health.8. He is the only person _ saw the accident yesterday.9. To

38、m is trying to read in the room _ the others are watching TV. 10. We wont forget the day _the hero was killed.11. The student _ the teachers are talking about has won the first prize in the English contest.12. The newspaper _ you are reading is two days old.13. Do you remember the time _ we got lost

39、 in the park?14. Ill never forget the time _ we spent together in the army camp.15. They are building a hospital on the street _ we used to live.16. The present _ he gave her yesterday evening is still unopened.17. Happiness is one of the things _ money cannot buy.18. This is the hospital _ her moth

40、er works.19. Ill never forget the day _ I joined the League.20. The house _ was pulled down last week is being rebuilt.21. The man _ wife died last year has gone to Japan.22. Tell me the reason _ the American lady left.23. Do you know the boy _ was praised at the meeting?24. I know the girl _ the te

41、acher praised yesterday.25. Allen is the girl _ I think will succeed in the test.26. Everything _ I know will be taught to the students.27. This is the best film _ I have ever seen.28. The manager walked toward the gate _ the workers are waiting.29.You cant go into this room _they are having a meeti

42、ng.30. I still remember the days _ we studied together.31. The picture _ has a house and flowers is the one I like best.32. Dont make the same mistake _ you did last time.33. He failed in the exam, _ surprised us all .34. He did all _ was necessary to be done.35. Her parents wouldnt let him marry anyone _ family was poor.36.Tom, _parents are poor workers, always goes hungry.二. 用“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”填空：1. Have you ever read the book _ _ there are many pictures?2. The man _ _he had