英語教學(xué)法12.Teaching Listening

1、Teaching Listening,Teaching Contents,1. Why is listening so difficult for students? 2. What do we listen to in everyday life? 3. What are the characteristics of the listening process? 4. What are the principles of teaching listening? 5. What are the common activities in teaching listening?,I The imp

2、ortance of teaching listening,1. Listening is one of the four basic skills of a language.,In Foreign language learning, both listening and reading are receptive skills, but listening can be more difficult than reading.,I The importance of teaching listening,2. Listening is becoming more and more nec

3、essary to understand spoken English in many situations: face-to-face conversations telephone calls business meetings Lectures Speeches television,3. Why does listening seem so difficult for Chinese students? Different speakers produce the same sounds in different ways. ( dialects and accents, stress

4、es, rhythms, intonations, mispronunciations) The speed of the input of spoken material can not be controlled; Spoken material is often heard only once. And the listener cannot pause the speaker to work out the meaning. Background noise Memory and recurrence,I The importance of teaching listening,II.

5、 The problems in listening of the Chinese students,1. Listening is often neglected in language teaching.,1) Lack of teaching materials; equipment; training in how to use the equipment; real-life situations where language learners need to understand spoken English; 2) Listening is not included on man

6、y important tests; 3) Lessons tend to test rather than to train students listening skills.,II. The problems in listening of the Chinese students,2. Linguistic problems 1) Phonetics problems 2) Lexical problems 3) Grammar problems,II. The problems in listening of the Chinese students,3. Cultural prob

7、lems 1) Frank-mild and roundabout/tactful 2) Thinking style 3) Local conditions and customs 4. Psychological problems 1) Fear of difficulties 2) Lack of confidence 3) Care about faces 4) No need of listening skills,. Characteristics of the listening process,1. What do we listen to in everyday life?,

8、Task 2: How many situations can you think of where you listen to other people in our native language?,loudspeaker announcements, telephone conversations, radio news, interview, lesson, lecture, story-telling, shopping conversation, gossip, instructions, meetings, watching television, negotiations, w

9、atching movies, theatre show,. Characteristics of the listening process,1. What do we listen to in everyday life?,Task: Situations where Chinese people may need to listen to English :,Telephone conversations about business Radio news in English Lessons or lectures given in English Conversations with

10、 foreigners Instructions in English Watch movies in English Deal with tourists Listening to English songs,The criteria of listening situations Formal or informal? Rehearsed or non-rehearsed? Can the listener interact with the speaker or not?,. Characteristics of the listening process,3. In real life

11、 listening has the following characteristics ( Ur, 1996):,. Characteristics of the listening process,2) Context The context of listening is usually known in real life. The situation usually helps us predict what we are going to hear.,1) Spontaneity We often listen to people speaking spontaneously an

12、d informally without rehearsing what they are going to say ahead of time.,3) Visual Clue While listening, the speakers facial expressions, gestures and other body language will provide us visual clues which can help us understand and predict what we hear.,4) Listeners response Most of the listening

13、allows the listener to responds the speaker, whether they understand or not.,5) Speakers adjustment The speaker can adjust the way of speaking according to the listeners reactions.,. Characteristics of the listening process,. Principles for teaching listening,1. Two major purposes in listening: for

14、social reasons to exchange information 2. Principles for teaching listening: 1) Focus on process 2) Combine listening with other skills 3) Focus on comprehending meaning 4) Grade difficult level appropriately,. Principles for teaching listening,Task : For low intermediate class, what texts would you

15、 choose? In what order? A videotape of a talk by a native speaker about the school life of middle school students in the United States. A live talk by a competent English-speaking Chinese psychologist about effective study habits. An audiotape of an interview with a native English speaker talking ab

16、out her experiences living in china. An audiotape of the news from CRI (China Radio International),. Principles for teaching listening,Principles for selecting and using listening activities: Oxford summarizes 12 principles for selecting and using L2 listening activities. Note: Doing listening tests

17、 instead of teaching some listening skill has two problems: Students dont have opportunities to develop listening skills with other skills. Listening comprehension questions only test the students comprehension but not train them how to listen.,. Common activities in teaching listening,1. Teaching m

18、odels Bottom-up model: In the bottom-up model, listening comprehension is believed to start with sound and meaning recognitions. In other words, “we use information in the speech itself to try to comprehend the meaning”.,. Common activities in teaching listening,1. Teaching models Top-down model: In

19、 this model, listening for gist and making use of the contextual clues and background knowledge to construct meaning are emphasized. In other words, listening comprehension involves knowledge that a listener brings to a text, sometimes called “inside the head” information.,. Common activities in tea

20、ching listening,2. Three teaching stages Pre-listening: Help students prepare to listen; While-listening: Guide and help students to comprehend the text. Post-listening help them to integrate what they learned from the text into existing knowledge,. Common activities in teaching listening,Pre-listen

21、ing: Look at some pictures before listening to the passage. Read the listening comprehension questions before listening. Set the scene for the students before listening. Listen for the gist of the passage. Listen for specific information.,. Common activities in teaching listening,While-listening: Listen and tick: List some objects. Then ask students to listen and tick. Listen and sequence: Listen and number; listen and match Listen and act: “Simon says”, listen and point. Listen and draw: listen and color. Listen and fill Listen and find out Listen a