自學(xué)導(dǎo)讀17-40

1、Lesson 37 Making a bookcase 做書架Listen to the tape then answer this question. What is Susans favourite colour?聽錄音，然后回答問題。蘇珊最喜歡哪種顏色？DAN: Youre working hard, George.What are you doing?GEORGE: Im making a bookcase.GEORGE: Give me that hammer please, Dan.DAN: Which hammer?This one?GEORGE: No, not that on

2、e.The big one.DAN: Here you are.GEORGE: Thanks, Dan.DAN: What are you doing to do now, George?GEORGE: Im going to paint it.DAN: What colour are you goingto pain it?GEORGE: Im going to paint it pink.DAN: Pink!GEORGE: This bookcase isnt for me.Its for my daughter, Susan.Pinks her favourite colour.1Wha

3、t are you going to do now, George?你現(xiàn)在準(zhǔn)備干什么，喬治？be going to，是打算、準(zhǔn)備、按計劃在最近做某事，表示將來。請參見本課語法部分。2PinksPink is。3Its for my daughter, Susan.是為我的女兒蘇珊做的。Susan作my daughter的同位語。語法 Grammar in use將來時 be going to（1）將來時be going to的形式由am/is/are going to +動詞原形構(gòu)成。（2）將來時be going to的用法A. 表示“打算”、“準(zhǔn)備”在最近做某事。(在非正式語體中，一般多用b

4、e going to，而不用will。)I am going to put it on the floor.我打算把它放在地板上。He is going to paint the bookcasetomorrow.他準(zhǔn)備明天給書架刷漆。B. 表示按計劃、安排要發(fā)生的事：The meeting is going to begin at nine.會議將在9點開始。Where are you going to build the road?你們將在什么地方筑路?C. 表示預(yù)言一件事即將發(fā)生：The meeting is going to begin at nine.會議將在9點開始。Its goi

5、ng to rain!天要下雨了!Shes going to faint!她要暈倒了!（3）be going to的疑問式與否定式將助動詞be提至句首可將陳述句變?yōu)橐话阋蓡柧?。如：George is going to paint it pink.喬治打算把它刷成粉紅色。Is George going to paint it pink?喬治打算把它刷成粉紅色嗎?在助動詞后面加上not可以得到否定句。如上句可變?yōu)椋篏eorge is not going to point it pink.喬治不打算把它刷成粉紅色。Lesson 39 Dont drop it! 別摔了！Listen to the t

6、ape then answer this question. Where does Sam put the vase in the end?聽錄音，然后回答問題。薩姆把花瓶放在什么地方？SAM: What are you going to do with that vase, Penny?PENNY: Im going to put it on this table, Sam.SAM: Dont do that.Give it to me.PENNY: What are you going to do with it?SAM: Im going to put it here,in front

7、of the window.PENNY: Be careful!Dont drop it!PENNY: Dont put there, Sam.Put it here,on this shelf.SAM: There we are!Its a lovely vase.PENNY: Those flowers are lovely, too.1 Dont do that.不要放在那兒。在英文中需用祈使語氣來表示直接的命令、建議等多種意圖。而祈使句的否定式則由Dont(或Do not)+動詞原形構(gòu)成，又如課文中的Dont drop it!(別摔了!)等句子。(請參見本課語法部分。)2Give it

8、 to me.把它給我。在第21課有g(shù)ive me a book這樣的句型，在本課中又出現(xiàn)了give it to me的句型。在動詞give后面可以有兩個賓語：即直接賓語(指物，如a book, it)和間接賓語(指人，如me)。如果直接賓語置于動詞give之后，間接賓語之前則帶to。再比較一下下列句式：Show her the magazine. 給她那本雜志。Show it to her. 把它給她。Give me that knife. 給我那把小刀。Give it to me. 把它給我。3in front of，在前面。有別于in the front of，在的前部。4There w

9、e are!就放在那里!在這里表示說話人的滿意心情，可理解為“好了”、“行了”等。語法 Grammar in use祈使句的否定縮略式形式為Dont(或Do not)+動詞原形，如：Dont wait! 別等了!Dont speak to me like that! 別那樣跟我講話!使用祈使句時，重音、語調(diào)、手勢和面部表情，尤其是情境和上下文，都說明這種形式用于表示是否友好、不客氣、憤怒、不耐煩、有說服性等。一般而言，祈使句的否定式通常用Dont來表示，完整形式Do not主要用于正式文告中。Lesson 35 Our village我們的村莊Listen to the tape then a

10、nswer this question. Are the children coming out of the park or going into it?聽錄音，然后回答問題。孩子們是正從公園里出來還正在往里走？This is a photograph of our village.Our village is in a valley.It is between two hills.The village is on a river.Here is another photograph of the village.My wife and I are walkingalong the ban

11、ks of the river.We are on the left.There is a boy in the water.He is swimming across the river.Here is another photograph.This is the school building.It is beside a park.The park is on the right.Some children are coming out of the building.Some of them are going to the park.1This is aphotographof ou

12、r village. 這是我們村莊的一張照片。句中of是介詞，表示“的”。又如：the windows of a room 房間的窗戶2It isbetweentwo hills. 我們的村莊坐落在一個山谷之中。句中It指village。between是介詞，表示“在(兩者)之間”。又如：The man is standing between two policemen.這個男人正站在兩名警察之間。3along thebanks of the river, 沿著河岸。along為介詞，表示“沿著”。4He is swimmingacrossthe river.他正橫渡小河。across為介詞，

13、表示“通過”某個平面。5besidea park，位于公園旁邊。beside為介詞，表示“在旁邊”。語法 Grammar in use短語動詞短語動詞通常是指后面常跟一個介詞或副詞短語的動詞，即動詞+介詞或副詞小品詞。英語(特別是在非正式的、慣用的英語)中存在著一種用動詞短語代替與其同義的單個動詞的強烈趨勢。如聽到敲門聲，我們會說Come in而不會用Enter來表達(dá)。最常見的短語動詞是由英語中最短小和最簡單的動詞構(gòu)成的，這些動詞常與表示位置或方向的詞組合，如along, down, in, off, on, out, over, under等。例如：The cats are running

14、along the wall.貓正沿著墻跑。The children are jumping off the branch.孩子們正從樹枝上跳下來。不僅一個單個動詞可以同大量的介詞或副詞小品詞一起構(gòu)成短語動詞，而且一個短語動詞本身也可能有幾種不同的意義。詞匯學(xué)習(xí) Word study1go into（1）走進(jìn)；進(jìn)入：He is going into a shop.他正走進(jìn)一家商店。（2）進(jìn)入；介入：Theyre going into the business world.他們正步入商界。2sit on（1）坐在上：The children are sitting on the grass.孩子

15、們正坐在草地上。（2）拖延；壓下：They are trying to sit on the bad news as long as possible.他們正試圖盡可能拖延時間不把這個壞消息講出去。3run along（1）沿著跑：The dogs are running along the river banks.狗正沿著河岸奔跑。（2）離開；走開：Its getting dark, we must run along.天黑了，我們得走了。Lesson 33 A fine day 晴天Listen to the tape then answer this question. Where is

16、 the Jones family?聽錄音，然后回答問題。瓊斯一家人在哪里？It is a fine day today.There are some clouds in the sky,but the sun is shining.Mr. Jones is with his family.They are walking over the bridge.There are some boats on the river.Mr. Jones and his wife are looking at them.Sally is looking at a big ship.The ship is g

17、oing under the bridge.Tim is looking at an aeroplane.The aeroplane is flying over the river.課文詳注 Further notes on the text1It is a fine day today. 今天天氣好。句中的it是指天氣。又如：Is it cold today? 今天冷嗎?No, it isnt. 不，不冷。2some clouds，幾朵云。some既可修飾可數(shù)名詞，也可修飾不可數(shù)名詞。如：some tables一些椅子(可數(shù)名詞)，some milk一些牛奶(不可數(shù)名詞)。3There a

18、re some clouds in the sky, but the sun is shining. 天空中飄著幾朵云，但陽光燦爛。這句是并列句，由兩個分句構(gòu)成，連詞but表明分句之間存在著對比及轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。兩分句之間大多要用逗號，有時可不用逗號。4Mr. Jones is with his family. 瓊斯先生同他的家人在一起。句中with是介詞，表示“和一起”。family是指“家里的人”或“家庭成員”。5They are walking over thebridge. 他們正在過橋。句中的over有“穿過”的意思。又如：The aeroplaneis flying over the r

19、iver.飛機正在河上飛過。The birds are flying over the house.鳥兒在屋上飛過。over還可表不“在上方”(不接觸表面)，如：The sky is over our heads.天空在我們頭頂上。6There are some boats on the river. 河上有幾艘船。句中on意為“在上面”(接觸表面)。又如：There is a book on the table.桌上有一本書。7The ship is going under the bridge. 那船正從橋下駛過。句中under意為“在下面(或下方)”。如：There is a dog u

20、nder the tree.樹下有只狗。ship一般指海洋中行駛的大船。boat一詞指河中行駛的小船。另外：aeroplane(英國英語)，airplane(美國英語)，飛機(正式用語); plane，飛機(非正式用語)。語法 Grammar in use現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時（2）(請參見 Lessons 3132語法部分。)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的形式是由be的現(xiàn)在時形式+現(xiàn)在分詞形式構(gòu)成。當(dāng)句中主語名詞為復(fù)數(shù)或者人稱代詞為第2人稱或第3人稱復(fù)數(shù)時，be的現(xiàn)在時形式應(yīng)為are。Lesson 31 Wheres Sally?薩莉在哪里？Listen to the tape then answer this ques

21、tion. Is the cat climbing the tree?聽錄音，然后回答問題。貓正在爬樹嗎？JEAN: Wheres Sally, Jack?JACK: Shes in the garden, Jean.JEAN: Whats she doing?JACK: Shes sitting under the tree.JEAN: Is Tim in the garden, too?JACK: Yes, he is.Hes climbing the tree.JEAN: I beg your pardon?Whos climbing the tree?JACK: Tim is.JEAN

22、: What about the dog?JACK: The dogs in the garden, too.Its running across the grass.Its running after a cat.語法 Grammar in use現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時（1）（1）在英文中若想表達(dá)此刻正在進(jìn)行的動作或事件，要用動詞的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時形式。現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時由be的現(xiàn)在時形式(am, is, are)+現(xiàn)在分詞組成。如課文中的Shes sitting under the tree. 和Hes climbing the tree. 等句子均為現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時。對大多數(shù)動詞來說，在動詞后面直接加-ing即可構(gòu)成現(xiàn)

23、在分詞，如doing, climbing。以-e結(jié)尾的動詞，要去掉-e，再加-ing，如making。如果動詞只有一個元音字母而其后跟了一個輔音字母時，則需將與輔音字母雙寫，再加-ing，如running, sitting。（2）疑問式：將用了現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的句子變成一般疑問句時只需將助動詞提前。如：Hes reading a magazine.Is he reading a magazine? 他正在看一本雜志嗎?（3）否定式：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的否定式是將否定詞not放在助動詞之后。如：The dog is drinking its milk.The dog is not drinking its m

24、ilk. 狗沒在喝它的那份牛奶。Lesson 29 Come in, Amy.進(jìn)來，艾米。Listen to the tape then answer this question. How must Amy clean the floor?聽錄音，然后回答問題。艾米需要如何來清掃地面？MRS. JONES: Come in, Amy.MRS. JONES: Shut the door, please.MRS. JONES: This bedrooms very untidy.MAY: What must I do, Mrs. Jones?MRS. JONES: Open the window

25、and air the room.MRS. JONES: Then put these clothes in the wardrobe.MRS. JONES: Then make the bed.MRS. JONES: Dust the dressing table.MRS. JONES: Then sweep the floor.1untidy，亂，不整齊。un-是前綴，表示“not”這類否定的意思。2air the room，給房間通通風(fēng)。這里的air作動詞用。名詞作動詞用是英語構(gòu)詞法的一種。又如：dust(n.)灰塵;(v.)撣掉灰塵。語法 Grammar in usemust(1)mu

26、st是一個情態(tài)助動詞，表示“必須”、“應(yīng)當(dāng)”，與have to相似，表示不可逃避的義務(wù)。在說話人看來，沒有選擇余地。但是，must帶有個人色彩，表示說話人的主觀意圖。表示個人感情時通常用must。You must（你必須）表示說話人說/認(rèn)為是必要的。如：You must sweep the floor.你必須掃地。(我說這有必要)Lesson 27 Mrs. Smiths living room 史密斯太太的客廳Listen to the tape then answer this question. Where are the books?聽錄音，然后回答問題。書在哪里？Mrs. Smith

27、s living room is large.There is a television in the room.The television is near the window.There are some magazines on the television.There is a table in the room.There are some newspapers on the table.There are some armchairs in the room.The armchairs are near the table.There is a stereo in the roo

28、m.The stereo is near the door.There are some books on the stereo.There are some pictures in the room.The pictures are on the wall.1Where are they? 它們在哪里？句中they指圖中的那些東西。(可參見Lessons 2526語法部分。)2數(shù)字9，999與10，001的英文寫法9，999-nine thousand nine hundred and ninety-nine10，001-ten thousand and one語法 Grammar in u

29、se1therebe結(jié)構(gòu)（2）（1）therebe結(jié)構(gòu)變成疑問句時，只需將動詞be和there互換位置，句子其余部分不變。如：Is there a dirtyforkon the plate? 碟子上有一個臟的叉子嗎?Is there a full bottlein the cupboard? 櫥柜里有一瓶酒嗎?Are there any ties on the floor? 地上有一些領(lǐng)帶嗎?Are there any newspapers on the shelf? 架子上有些報紙嗎?（2）therebe結(jié)構(gòu)變成否定句時，需在動詞be后加not（any）或no。如：No, there is

30、 not a fork on the plate. 沒有，碟子上沒有叉子。No, there isnt one in the cupboard. 沒有，櫥柜里一個也沒有。No, there arent any ties on the floor. 沒有，地板上沒有任何領(lǐng)帶。No, there are no newspapers on the shelf. 沒有，架子上沒有任何報紙。2some和any的用法在英語中，some和any是兩個最常用的數(shù)量詞。用some和any時，一般不必精確地說明數(shù)量到底有多么大或多么小。它們的作用常常像是a/an的復(fù)數(shù)。（1）some（表示確定的數(shù)量）表示“某些但

31、不是全部”的意思，通常用于肯定句中。在疑問句中，所希望的回答是Yes時也可使用some。如：There is some water in the glass. 玻璃杯里有些水。There are some cigarettes in the box. 盒子里有些雪茄。Have you got some paper-clips in that box? 你那只盒子里有一些回形針吧?(我知道或我認(rèn)為你有一些，故希望你會說“有”。)some加可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞時，在流暢的話語中一般不重讀，而念為/s+m/。（2）any（表示不確定的數(shù)量）通常用在含有not或-nt的否定句中，也用于表示我們不能確定

32、答案是肯定還是否定，或者用于預(yù)料得到的回答是No的疑問句中。如：There are not any spoons in the cupboard. 櫥柜中沒有任何湯匙。There arent any plates on the dressing table. 梳妝臺上任何碟子都沒有。Lesson 25 Mrs. Smiths Kitchen史密斯太太的廚房Listen to the tape then answer this question. What colour is the electric cooker?聽錄音，然后回答問題。電灶是什么顏色的？Mrs. Smiths kitchen

33、is small.There is a refrigerator in the kitchen.The refrigerator is white.It is on the right.There is an electric cooker in the kitchen.The cooker is blue.It is on the left.There is a table in the middle of the room.There is a bottle on the table.The bottle is empty.There is a cup on the table, too.

34、The cup is clean.數(shù)字3，000，5，000，10，000的英文寫法3，000-three thousand5，000-five thousand10，000-ten thousand語法 Grammar in use1定冠詞the(1)定冠詞the不論指人還是指物、單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)，其形式都不變。(2)the的發(fā)音：the在輔音前讀/J+/，如：the floor, the table, the bed, the desk; the在元音(即一般前面用an的詞的首字母)之前發(fā)/J!:;:/,如the engineer, the ice cream, the old man, th

35、e open window。當(dāng)我們想使聽話者特別注意the后面的名詞時，the就讀為/J!:/，意思是“這一個而且只是這一個”或“主要是這一個”。(3)the的基本用法：A. the通常有明確的所指(即以說話人或聽話人已知的人或物為前提);B. the可與單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞、復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞及不可數(shù)名詞(總是單數(shù)形式)連用。2where引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句where用來詢問地點(或是確切的情況，或是一般的情況)。對where疑問句的回答可以是整句、短語或單個的詞。如：Where is the refrigerator? 冰箱在哪里?On the right./Its on the right. 在右邊。Le

36、sson 23 Which glasses?哪幾只杯子？Listen to the tape then answer this question. Which glasses does the man want?聽錄音，然后回答問題。這位男士要哪些杯子？MAN: Give me some glasses please, Jane.WOMAN: Which glasses?WOMAN: These glasses?MAN: No, not those.The one on the shelf.WOMAN: These?MAN: Yes, please.WOMAN: Here you are.MA

37、N: Thanks.1動詞的雙賓語在Give me some glasses中，動詞give后面有兩個賓語，即直接賓語some glasses和間接賓語me。人稱代詞作賓語時要用人稱代詞的賓格。請參見Lessons 2122語法部分。2The ones on the shelf.是架子上的那幾只。本句是省略句，句首省略了I want。句中的ones代表glasses。on the shelf是介詞短語，作定語，修飾ones。3These? 這幾只？是Do you want these?的省略形式。4Yes, please. 是的，請拿給我。當(dāng)別人問你要不要某物而你同意要時，就可用這句話。假如你

38、不同意要，則應(yīng)說：No, thank you. 不，謝謝。5數(shù)字1，117，1，420，1，925，2，000的英文寫法1，117-one thousand one hundred and seventeen1，420-one thousand four hundred and twenty1，925-one thousand nine hundred and twenty-five2，000-two thousand語法 Grammar in useon引導(dǎo)的介詞短語(1)我們經(jīng)常在名詞、名詞短語、代詞或動名詞前面用介詞表示人物、事件等與其他人物、事件等之間的各種關(guān)系，如空間關(guān)系、時間關(guān)系、

39、因果關(guān)系等。介詞始終帶有賓語。即使介詞與賓語分開時，這種關(guān)系仍必定存在。有許多固定的介詞短語?？梢姷?。許多介詞短語是由介詞+名詞(+介詞)構(gòu)成的，如：on time(準(zhǔn)時)，in the middleof(在中間)。(2)當(dāng)我們從不同的角度看空間中的位置時，應(yīng)根據(jù)我們想要表達(dá)的意思來選擇介詞。想表示在一個表面(即看來是平面)上面時，就可用介詞on：the pens on the desk 桌上的鋼筆the boxes on the floor地板上的盒子the bottles on the dressing table 梳妝臺上的瓶子the magazines on the bed 床上的雜志

40、Lesson 21 Which book?哪一本書？Listen to the tape then answer this question. Which book does the man want?聽錄音，然后回答問題。這位男士要哪本書？MAN: Give me a book please, Jane.WOMAN: Which book?WOMAN: This one?MAN: No, not that one. The red one.WOMAN: This one?MAN: Yes, please.WOMAN: Here you are.MAN: Thank you.1Give me

41、a book please, Jane.請拿本書給我，簡。這是一個祈使句。祈使句表示請求或命令。(請參見Lessons 1314語法部分的說明。)表示客氣的請求時，通常加please。2Which book? 哪一本？是Which book do you want?的省略形式。下文中的This one? 是Do you want this one?的省略形式。No, not that one是No, I do not want that one的省略形式?？谡Z中常用這樣的省略句。3This one?是這本嗎？相當(dāng)于：Do you want this one? one是不定代詞，代替 a boo

42、k，以避免重復(fù)。one的復(fù)數(shù)形式是ones。one和ones前面都可用定冠詞，也可有自己的定語。如：4數(shù)字1，010，1，011，1，016的英文寫法1，010-a thousandand ten1，011-a thousand and eleven1，016-a thousand and sixteen語法 Grammar in use1人稱代詞代詞，顧名思義，就是用來代替名詞或名詞短語的詞，在已經(jīng)知道所指的是誰或什么的情況下使用，以免行文重復(fù)。人稱代詞有主格和賓格之分。在陳述句中，主格代詞差不多總是位于動詞之前。賓格代詞可代替處于賓語位置上的名詞，它們可以作直接賓語和間接賓語。Give m

43、e/him/her/us/thema book.給我/他/她/我們/他(她)們一本書。(賓格代詞)2which引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句(請參見Lessons 56中語法部分的說明。)用which +名詞可詢問物體(單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù))或物質(zhì)。which總是說明一種限定的、特指的選擇。如：Which book/books do you prefer?你喜歡哪本/哪些書?Which car do you like best?你最喜歡哪種汽車?Lesson 19 Tired and thirsty又累又渴Listen to the tape then answer this question. Why do the

44、 children thank their mother?聽錄音，然后回答問題。為什么孩子們向母親致謝？MOTHER: Whats the matter, children?GIRL: Were tired BOY: and thirsty, Mum.MOTHER: Sit down here.MOTHER: Are you all right now?BOY: No, we arent.MOTHER: Look!Theres an ice cream man.MOTHER: Two ice cream please.MOTHER: Here you are, children.CHILDRE

45、N: Thanks, Mum.GIRL: These ice creams are nice.MOTHER: Are you all right now?CHILDREN: Yes, we are, thank you!1Whats thematter？怎么啦？相當(dāng)于 Whats wrong?或 Tell me whats wrong。這個句型通常用來詢問發(fā)生了什么事。假如要特別提及某人，可以在后面加上介詞with，如：Whats the matter with you?你怎么啦?Whats the matter with Claire?克萊爾怎么啦?2Mum，兒語中小孩子對母親的稱呼。與此相

46、似，dad是對父親的兒語稱呼。3Theres = There is。它表示“有”、“存在”，為 there + be結(jié)構(gòu)的一般現(xiàn)在時縮略形式。4Two ice creams please請拿兩份冰淇淋。相當(dāng)于 Give us two ice creams，please。請參見 Lessons 34課文注釋。ice cream是物質(zhì)名詞。物質(zhì)名詞前加不定冠詞 a或基數(shù)詞表示一種、一份、一客、一類、一陣等。語法 Grammar in use1there +be結(jié)構(gòu)（1）在說明或詢問人、物等的存在時即可使用there +be結(jié)構(gòu)。說Theres an ice cream man比說An ice cr

47、eam man is there更合乎習(xí)慣，也更為自然。there +be結(jié)構(gòu)可將重要的新信息置于句末，以示強調(diào)。此結(jié)構(gòu)中的實際主語是be后面的名詞。因此，假如該名詞是單數(shù)就用is，如是復(fù)數(shù)則為are。2人稱代詞與be英文中系動詞be(是)必須根據(jù)不同的人稱代詞作相應(yīng)的變化。請參見Lessons1516語法部分中有關(guān)be的一般現(xiàn)在時形式的內(nèi)容，包括某些縮略形式，如：they are not =they arent =theyre not，we are not = we arent =were not。Lesson 17 How do you do?你 好！MR. JACKSON: Come a

48、nd meet our employees, Mr.Richards.MR. RICHARDS: Thank you, Mr. Jackson.MR. JACKSON: This is Nicola Grey,and this is Claire Taylor.MR. RICHARDS: How do you do?MR. RICHARDS: Those women are very hard-working.What are their jobs?MR. JACKSON: Theyre keyboard operators.MR. Jackson: This is Michael Baker,and this is Jeremy Short.MR. RICHARDS: How do you do?MR. RICHARDS: They arent very busy!What are their jobs?MR. JACKSON: Theyre sales reps.Theyre very lazy.MR. RICHARDS: Who is this young man?MR. JACKSON: This is Jim.Hes our offic