初一年級(jí)（下）英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)

1、初一年級(jí)（下）【知識(shí)梳理】 I. 重點(diǎn)短語1. a bottle of2. a little3. a lot (of)4. all day5. be from6. be over7. come back8. come from9. do ones homework10. do the shopping11. get down12. get home13. get to14. get up15. go shopping16. have a drink of17. have a look18. have breakfast 19. have lunch20. have supper21. list

2、en to22. notat all23. putaway24. take off25. throw it like that26. would like27. in the middle of the day28. in the morning / afternoon/ evening29. on a farm30. in a factoryII. 重要句型1. Let sb. do sth.2. Could sb. do sth.?3. would like sth.4. would like to do sth.5. What about something to eat?6. How

3、do you spell ?7. May I borrow?III. 交際用語1. Thanks very much!Youre welcome.2. Put it/them away.3. Whats wrong?4. I think so.I dont think so.5. I want to take some books to the classroom.6. Give me a bottle of orange juice, please.Please give it / them back tomorrow. OK.9. Whats your favourite sport?10

4、. Dont worry.11.Im (not) good at basketball.12. Do you want a go?13. Thats right./ Thats all right./ All right.14. Do you have a dictionary / any dictionaries?Yes, I do. / No, I dont.15. We / They have some CDs.We / They dont have any CDs.16. -What day is it today / tomorrow?-Its Monday.17. -May I b

5、orrow your colour pens, please? -Certainly. Here you are.18. -Where are you from?-From Beijing.19. Whats your telephone number in New York?20. -Do you like hot dogs?-Yes, I do. ( A little. / A lot. / Very much.)-No, I dont. ( I dont like them at all.)21. -What does your mother like?-She likes dumpli

6、ngs and vegetables very much.22. -When do you go to school every day?-I go to school at 7:00 every day.23. -What time does he go to bed in the evening?-He goes to bed at 10:00. IV. 重要語法1.人稱代詞的用法；2. 祈使句；3. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成和用法；4動(dòng)詞have的用法；5一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)構(gòu)成和用法；6可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞的構(gòu)成和用法【名師講解】1. Thats right./ Thats all right./ Al

7、l right.Thats right意為“對(duì)的”，表示贊同對(duì)方的意見、看法或行為，肯定對(duì)方的答案或判斷。例如：I think we must help the old man.我想我們應(yīng)該幫助這位老人。Thats right.或 Youre right.說得對(duì)。Thats all right.意為“不用謝”、“沒關(guān)系”，用來回答對(duì)方的致謝或道歉。例如：Many thanks. Thats all right.Sorry. Its broken. Thats all right.All right.意為“行了”、“可以”，表示同意對(duì)方的建議或要求。有時(shí)還可以表示“身體很好”Please tel

8、l me about it. 請(qǐng)把此事告訴我。All right.好吧。Is your mother all right?你媽身體好嗎2. make/do這兩個(gè)詞都可以解釋為“做”，但含義卻不同，不能混用。make指做東西或制東西，do指做一件具體的事。Can you make a paper boat for me? 你能為我做個(gè)紙船嗎？Hes doing his homework now.他正在做他的作業(yè)。3. say/speak/talk/tellsay：是最口語化的最普通的一個(gè)詞，意為“說出”、“說道”，著重所說的話。如： “I want to go there by bus” , h

9、e said . 他說，“我要坐汽車到那里去。”Please say it in English .請(qǐng)用英語說。speak : “說話”，著重開口發(fā)聲，不著重所說的內(nèi)容，一般用作不及物動(dòng)詞 (即后面不能直接接賓語 ) 。如：Can you speak about him? 你能不能說說他的情況？I dont like to speak like this. 我不喜歡這樣說話。speak 作及物動(dòng)詞解時(shí)，只能和某種語言等連用，表達(dá)在對(duì)話中恰當(dāng)使用詞匯的能力。如：She speaks English well.她英語說得好。talk : 與 speak 意義相近，也著重說話的動(dòng)作，而不著重所說的話

10、，因此，一般也只用作不及物動(dòng)詞， 不過，talk 暗示話是對(duì)某人說的，有較強(qiáng)的對(duì)話意味，著重指連續(xù)地和別人談話。如：I would like to talk to him about it . 我想跟他談那件事。Old women like to talk with children.老年婦女喜歡和孩子們交談。tell : “告訴”，除較少情況外，一般后面總接雙賓語。如：Hes telling me a story.他在給我講故事。tell a lie 撒謊tell sb. to do sth. /tell sb. not to do sth.Miss Zhao often tells us

11、to study hard.4. do cooking/ do the cookingdo cooking 作“做飯”解，屬泛指。do the cooking 特指某一頓飯或某一家人的飯。cooking為動(dòng)名詞，不能用作復(fù)數(shù)，但前面可用 some, much修飾。從do some cooking可引出許多類似的短語：do some washing 洗些衣服do some shopping 買些東西do some reading 讀書do some writing 寫些東西do some fishing 釣魚從以上短語可引申出另一類短語，不能用some, much或定冠詞。go shopping

12、 去買東西go fishing 去釣魚go boating 去劃船go swimming 去游泳5. like doing sth./ like to do sth.like doing sth. 與like to do sth. 意思相同，但用法有區(qū)別。前者強(qiáng)調(diào)一般性的愛好或者表示動(dòng)作的習(xí)慣性和經(jīng)常性；后來表示一次性和偶然性的動(dòng)作。例如：He likes playing football, but he doesnt like to play football with Li Ming.他喜歡踢足球，但是他不喜歡和李明踢。6. other/ others/ the other/ anothe

13、rother表其余的，別的， Have you any other questions?你還有其他問題嗎?others 別的人，別的東西 In the room some people are American, the others are French.在屋子里一些人是美國(guó)人,其他的是法國(guó)人。the other表另一個(gè)（二者之中）one，the otherOne of my two brothers studies English, the other studies Chinese.我兩個(gè)哥哥中的一個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)英文,另一個(gè)學(xué)中文。another表三者以上的另一個(gè)，另一些There is roo

14、m for another few books on the shelf.書架上還可以放點(diǎn)書。7. in the tree/ on the treein the tree 與 on the tree.譯成中文均為在樹上但英語中有區(qū)別。in the tree表示某人、某事（不屬于樹本身生長(zhǎng)出的別的東西）落在樹上，表示樹的枝、葉、花、果等長(zhǎng)在樹上時(shí)，要使用on the tree.如： There are some apples on the tree. 那棵樹上有些蘋果。 There is a bird in the tree. 那棵樹上有只鳥。8. some/ any (1)some和 any既

15、可修飾可數(shù)名詞，也可修飾不可數(shù)名詞。但有以下兩點(diǎn)需要 注意。some常用于肯定句中，any常用于否定句和疑問句中。如：There is some water in the glass.Is there any water in the glass?There isnt any water in the glass.(2)在說話者希望得到肯定答復(fù)的一般疑問句中，或在表示請(qǐng)求，邀請(qǐng)的疑問句中，我們依然用some。如：Would you like some tea?9. tall/ high (1)說人，動(dòng)物，樹木等有生命的東西，主要用tall，不用high，例如 a tall woman 一個(gè)高個(gè)

16、子?jì)D女 a tall horse 一個(gè)高大的馬 (2)說一個(gè)不與地面接觸的人和物的高時(shí)，要用high，而不用tall，比如人站在桌子上時(shí)，飛機(jī)飛上天時(shí)，例如： He is high up in the tree. 他高高地爬在樹上。 The plane is so high in the sky. 飛機(jī)在空中這么高。 (3)指建筑物、山時(shí)要tall或high都可以，不過high的程度比tall高。 (4)high可作副詞，tall不能。 (5)tall的反義詞為short, high的反義詞為low.10. can/ could(1) can表示體力和腦力方面的能力，或根據(jù)客觀條件能做某種動(dòng)作

17、的能力。例如： Can you ride a bike？ 你會(huì)騎自行車嗎？ What can I do for you？ 要幫忙嗎？ Can you make a cake？你會(huì)做蛋糕嗎？(2) can用在否定句和疑問句中時(shí)有時(shí)表示說話人的懷疑猜測(cè)或不肯定。例如：Where can he be？他會(huì)在什么地方呢？Can the news be true？這個(gè)消息會(huì)是真的嗎？It surely cant be six oclock already？不可能已經(jīng)六點(diǎn)鐘了吧？You cant be hungry so soon，Tom，youve just had lunch.湯姆，你不可能餓得這么快

18、，你剛吃過午飯。What can he mean？他會(huì)是什么意思？在日常會(huì)話中，can可代替may表示允許，may比較正式。例如：You can come in any time.你隨時(shí)都可以來。- Can I use your pen？我能用你的鋼筆嗎？- Of course，you can.當(dāng)然可以。You can have my seat，Im going now.我要走了，你坐我的座位吧。(3) couldcould 是 can的過去式，表示過去有過的能力和可能性（在否定和疑問句中）。例如： The doctor said he could help him.（能力）醫(yī)生說他能幫助他。

19、 Lily could swim when she was four years old.（能力） 當(dāng)麗麗四歲的時(shí)候她就會(huì)游泳。At that time we thought the story could be true.（可能性）那時(shí)我們以為所說的可能是真的。 could可代替can表示現(xiàn)在時(shí)間的動(dòng)作，但語氣較為婉轉(zhuǎn)。例如：Could I speak to John，please？我能和約翰說話嗎？ Could you？在口語中表示請(qǐng)求對(duì)方做事。例如：Could you wait half an hour？請(qǐng)你等半個(gè)小時(shí)好嗎？Could you please ring again at s

20、ix？六點(diǎn)鐘請(qǐng)你再打電話好嗎？(4) can的形式只有現(xiàn)在式can和過去式could兩種形式。能表示一般現(xiàn)在和一般過去兩種時(shí)態(tài)，有時(shí)也能表示將來。所有其他時(shí)態(tài)（包括將來時(shí)）須用be able to加動(dòng)詞不定式來表示。例如： They have not been able to come to Beijing. 他們沒有能到北京來。11. look for/ findlook for 意為“尋找”，而find意為“找到，發(fā)現(xiàn)”，前者強(qiáng)調(diào)“找”這一動(dòng)作，并不注重“找”的結(jié)果，而后者則強(qiáng)調(diào)“找”的結(jié)果。例如：She cant find her ruler. 她找不到她的尺子啦。Tom is look

21、ing for his watch，but he cant find it.湯姆正在尋找他的手表，但沒能找到。12. be sleeping/ be asleepbe sleeping 表示動(dòng)作，意思是“正在睡覺”；be asleep 表示狀態(tài)，意思是“睡著了”。如：-What are the children doing in the room? 孩子們?cè)诜块g里做什么？-They are sleeping.他們正在睡覺。The children are asleep now.現(xiàn)在孩子們睡著了。13. often/ usually/sometimesoften表示經(jīng)常，sometimes表示有

22、時(shí)候，在表示發(fā)生頻率上often要高于usually，usually要高于sometimes。這三個(gè)詞表示的是經(jīng)常性，一般性的動(dòng)作或情況，常與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)連用，常位于主要謂語動(dòng)詞的前面，其他謂語動(dòng)詞（be動(dòng)詞，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞）的后面，有時(shí)也可位于句尾。如果要加強(qiáng)語氣，則放在句首。 We usually play basketball after school.我們通常放學(xué)后打籃球。Sometimes I go to bed early.有時(shí)，我睡覺很早。He often reads English in the morning.他經(jīng)常在早晨讀英語。14. How much/ How manyh

23、ow much常用來詢問某一商品的價(jià)格，常見句式是How much is / are?How much is the skirt? 這條裙子多少錢？How much are the bananas? 這些香蕉多少錢？how much后加不可數(shù)名詞，表示數(shù)量，意為“多少“，how many后加可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。How much meat do you want? 你要多少肉呀？How many students are there in your class? 你們班有多少人？15. be good for/ be good to/ be good atbe good for 表示對(duì)有好處，而

24、be bad for表示對(duì)有害；be good to表示對(duì)友好，而be bad to表示對(duì)不好；be good at表示擅長(zhǎng)，在方面做得好，而be bad at表示在方面做得不好。 Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes.做眼保健操對(duì)你的眼睛有好處。 Eating too much is bad for you health.吃的太多對(duì)你的身體有害。 Miss Li is good to all of us.李老師對(duì)我們所有的人都很友好。 The boss is bad to his workers.這個(gè)老板對(duì)他的工人不好。 Li Lei is go

25、od at drawing, but Im bad at it.李雷擅長(zhǎng)畫畫，但是我不擅長(zhǎng)。16. each/ everyeach 和every都有每一個(gè)的意思，但含義和用法不相同。each從個(gè)體著眼，every從整體著眼。each 可用于兩者或兩者以上，every只用于三者或三者以上。 We each have a new book. 我們每人各有一本新書。 There are trees on each side of the street. 街的兩旁有樹。 He gets up early every morning. 每天早晨他都起得早。each可以用作形容詞、副詞和代詞；every只

26、能用作形容詞。Each of them has his own duty.他們各人有各人的義務(wù)。They each want to do something different.他們每個(gè)人都想做不同的事情。17. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)/現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常性的或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，也表示說話者的能力，還有自然現(xiàn)象；而現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作（構(gòu)成方式為am/is /are/+doing）。I do my homework in the evening.我在晚上做作業(yè)。Im doing my homework now.我現(xiàn)在正在做作業(yè)?，F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)常與now, these days, at the moment 或Look, listen等詞連用；而一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)常與often, always,