高考英語語法填空技巧分類突破：介詞ppt課件

1、介詞,介詞是高考中的一個(gè)重要考點(diǎn)，在連續(xù)兩年的高考中都有兩空是專門考查介詞的,除此以外，介詞還頻繁出現(xiàn)在完型填空和短文改錯(cuò)。涉及面較廣，考察了學(xué)生的詞匯量和對(duì)介詞的正確使用,考點(diǎn)解密,介詞 ( preposition,一 介詞的分類與語法功能,1.介詞是虛詞， 不能單獨(dú)做句子成分， 必須與名詞、 代詞（ 或相當(dāng)于名詞的其他詞類、短語、或從句 ） 構(gòu)成介詞短語，在句子中充當(dāng)一個(gè)成分,介詞分為： 簡(jiǎn)單介詞: at 、 in 、 on 、for 、 to,合成介詞: within 、 inside 、 onto、 throughout,短語介詞: according to 、 out of 、 be

2、cause of、 by means of、 in spite of 、 instead of,雙重介詞 ： from behind /above / under , until after,分詞介詞 ：considering , including , judging from /by,1. It is going to rain this afternoon according to the weather forecast,2. He quarrelled with her yesterday,3. He succeeded in passing the final examinatio

3、n,4. Im still thinking of how I can fulfill the task ahead of time,5.The professor will give us a talk on how to study English well,總結(jié) 1：介詞后常接 名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞 、從句、 不定式組成介詞短語,總結(jié) 2 : 介詞短語在句子中可作表語、 定語 、狀語和 賓補(bǔ),This machine is in good condition . Where is the key to my bike ? Nothing in the world could live wi

4、thout air or water . She always thinks herself above others,二. 介詞搭配 動(dòng)詞 介詞 rob sb of sth ( clear / inform /cheat / remind / accuse / cure . etc,supply us with sth = supply sth to / for sb ( provide / fill,make sth of / from / into,介詞 the + 人體部位 （strike / catch / hit,prevent sb from doing,persuade sb

5、into / out of doing sth ( advise/ warn /reason,buy sth for sb ( leave / get / win / gain / lose,tell sth to sb ( show / teach / sing / write / read,give sth to sb( allow / promise / pass / hand,say to sb ( suggest / explain / apologize / murmur /whisper,同一介詞與不同動(dòng)詞 （ to / for / at 同一動(dòng)詞與不同介詞的搭配 ( look

6、/ agree / hear / call /stand,2. 形容詞 介詞 afraid / angry / anxious / tired / strict / good popular / pleased / known / familiar,1. Im afraid _ being late for school because my head teacher is very strict _ us . 2. Einstein was known _ his theory of relativity _ a famous physics scientist _ the world .

7、3. He is angry _ what his e-pal has said for he is tired _ being laughed at by others . 4. The boy is familiar _ the fiction because it is very popular _ teenagers so far,3. 名詞 介詞 1. The absence / lack of water is the most serious problem . 2. The girl has a good way _ studying English . 3. The key

8、_ success lies in diligence and wisdom,重點(diǎn)介詞的用法歸納與辨析 表示世紀(jì)、年、月、 季、周 用 in / during , in the 1990s , in May , in spring , in the first week of June,2. 在某一天或某天上、下午、晚上 、前夕 用 on,3. 在某一時(shí)刻、 或某一點(diǎn)時(shí)間用 at,till , until , to 的用法。 1） till / until 與延續(xù)動(dòng)詞連用，用于肯定句，與短暫 動(dòng)詞連用用在否定句（ 在句首、強(qiáng)調(diào)句 不用till,2) to 表終結(jié)常與from 連用 from t

9、o from time to time from hand to hand from door to door from house to house,from one + 名詞 to another 表 “依次” 名詞 + by + 同一名詞 one by one,5. in , after , later,in + 一段時(shí)間 . 常用 一般將來時(shí)。 after + 一段時(shí)間 . 常用一般過去時(shí)。 after + 點(diǎn)時(shí)間 . 用各種時(shí)態(tài),一段時(shí)間 later 過去時(shí),6 . 地點(diǎn)介詞 : at , on , in , to , off across , through over , unde

10、r below , above to （ 靜態(tài) ）, towards ( 動(dòng)態(tài) ）,along,7. 表示方式、手段、 工具 的介詞 by / through ( 表泛指 的方式、手段） by (交通工具類） by / with / in ( 方式、手段,1.The boy likes writing _ a pen and especially likes writing _ blue and black ink . 2. He got full mark _ his own effort, he often contacts with his epals _ email,8. On 與 a

11、bout 區(qū)別 簡(jiǎn)單區(qū)分：about通俗大眾；on學(xué)術(shù)【專業(yè)】性強(qiáng),on與about 二者都是介詞，意為“關(guān)于，論及”等，一般情況下，二者可以互相替換，但二者有點(diǎn)區(qū)別：about常用于簡(jiǎn)單的或淺顯的論述等，是一般用語，多用于講故事，談話；思考等； on多用于系統(tǒng)論述或?qū)ｎ}講演、論著等，具有學(xué)術(shù)性，如：The teacher told us a story about Lei Feng. Its very moving. He will give us a talk on the history of the Party.他將給我們做個(gè)關(guān)于黨史的報(bào)告,注意:learn about,read ab

12、out,quarrel about,hear about, story about 等短語一般涉及知識(shí)的深度,所以不能用on代替about,Were going to listen to a lecture African history this afternoon He wrote the school. It is a book birds. 那是一本論及鳥類的書。(可能是一本學(xué)術(shù)著作) It is a book birds. 那是一本關(guān)于鳥類的書。(可能是一本供小孩看的故事書,9. 表 “ 除 之外 ” 的介詞 besides , but except ， except for , e

13、xcept that,注意： 1） 前面有不定代詞、 疑問代詞時(shí)，多用but,All but one are here . Nobody but I likes literature,2） 后接不定式短語為排除對(duì)象時(shí)，多用but He has nothing to do but wait . 3) 固定短語 have no choice but to do sth （只得做某事） can not but do sth cannot help but do sth (不得不） but for / but that（要不是,10. between / among (三者以上,1） Mary is

14、sitting _ Tom and wang Li. 2） She was busy _ cooking , washing , sewing and looking after the baby . 3）Shanghai is _the largest cities in the world . 4） A horse can be seen _ trees now,1. He didnt come to the meeting _ his illness . 2. The reason _ his being angry is that he lost his cell phone. 3.

15、_ a heavy snow , the highway has been closed up. 4. The accident is _ the drivers drinking,10 表原因的介詞： for , because of , due to , owing to , on account of , as a result of,11. 不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中的 for , of,1）It is clever _ you to answer such a difficult answer. 2）It is mean _ her to give me so little pocket mo

16、ney . 3）It is quite impossible _ him to explain why . 4） It is hard _ you to learn a foreign language without perseverance,12 . 兼類詞 （ 兼作連詞和副詞） after since till / until before,介詞 ( preposition,一 介詞的分類與語法功能,1.介詞是虛詞， 不能單獨(dú)做句子成分， 必須與名詞、 代詞（ 或相當(dāng)于名詞的其他詞類、短語、或從句 ） 構(gòu)成介詞短語，在句子中充當(dāng)一個(gè)成分,介詞分為： 簡(jiǎn)單介詞: at 、 in 、 on

17、、for 、 to,合成介詞: within 、 inside 、 onto、 throughout,短語介詞: according to 、 out of 、 because of、 by means of、 in spite of 、 instead of,雙重介詞 ： from behind /above / under , until after,分詞介詞 ：considering , including , judging from /by,1. It is going to rain this afternoon according to the weather forecast,

18、2. He quarrelled with her yesterday,3. He succeeded in passing the final examination,4. Im still thinking of how I can fulfill the task ahead of time,5.The professor will give us a talk on how to study English well,1. 什么情況下可能是填介詞？ 我們首先必須知道兩點(diǎn)： (1)介詞必須要接賓語，其賓語可以是名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞，或者what從句； (2)名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞在句中通常作主

19、語、動(dòng)詞的賓語、介詞的賓語。 因此，我們?cè)诮獯鹫Z法填空時(shí)，若空格后是名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞時(shí)，且他們不是在句中作主語，也不是在動(dòng)詞后作賓語時(shí)，這個(gè)格空就很可能是填介詞,解題技巧,2. 應(yīng)該填哪個(gè)介詞？ 在判斷可能填介詞之后，要根據(jù)具體的語境來確定填哪個(gè)介詞，特別是根據(jù)空格所在句子的意思來選擇一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。另外，以下幾條思路對(duì)解題非常有用： (1)由介詞短語與謂語的邏輯關(guān)系來確定。2008年廣東高考36題，“感到累了”應(yīng)當(dāng)是“干活一整天之后”，故填after,2)由所處句型的特殊需要來確定。如2008年廣東高考31題，這是一個(gè)there be句型，該句型一般是表示“在某個(gè)地點(diǎn)存在某人或某物”；可見

20、 “_these proverbs”應(yīng)當(dāng)是表示地點(diǎn)的；不難得知“有趣故事”應(yīng)當(dāng)是在“這些成語的背后”，故填behind。 (3)由特殊的結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)系來確定。如能接復(fù)合賓語(賓語+賓補(bǔ))的介詞只能是with或without。 (4)考慮介詞(空格)與前面的動(dòng)詞或名詞之間的搭配關(guān)系，或者介詞(空格)與后面名詞之間的搭配關(guān)系來確定具體要填的介詞,例1Chinese proverbs are rich and they are still widely used in Chinese peoples daily life. _these proverbs there are often interesti

21、ng stories. (廣東,分析：因these proverbs是名詞，且不是作主語、賓語、表語等，前面很可能是填介詞；句意是“在中國(guó)的這些成語故事的背后常常有有趣的故事”，表示“在背后”，用介詞behind,實(shí)例剖析,實(shí)例剖析,例2He was very tired _ doing this for a whole day,分析：累了必定是在干了一整天活之后，故填after；另外，表示“因而累”，be tired from也是固定短語，故也可填from,例3the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to who sh

22、ould have the honour of receiving me _a guest in their house,分析：句意是“把我們作為客人接待”，表示“當(dāng)作，作為”用介詞as,例4I wanted to reward the old woman _the trouble I had caused her,分析：句意是“我想酬謝我們給她造成了麻煩的那個(gè)年邁的婦女?！?表示“因而酬謝/報(bào)答某人”，是reward sb. for sth.，即用for引出原因，故填for。 類似的表達(dá)還有: thank sb. for sth.; praise sb. for sth.; punish s

23、b. for sth.等,考點(diǎn)擊破,一、單句填空：用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空。 1. Fred entered without knocking and, very out of breath, sank _ a chair. (安徽) 2. If you really have to leave during the meeting, youd better leave _ the back door. (北京) 3. A great man shows his greatness _ the way he treats little men. (福建) 4. You have no idea how

24、 she finished the relay race _ her foot wounded so much. (福建,into,by,by,with,5. I like Mr. Miners speech; it was clear and _ the point. (遼寧) 6. Lets learn to use the problem we are facing _ a stepping-stone to future success. (寧夏) 7. Modern equipment and no smoking are two of the things I like _ wor

25、king here. (全國(guó)) 8. I began to feel _ home in the new school when I saw some familiar faces. (山東,to,as,about,at,9. Elizabeth has already achieved success _ her wildest dreams. (陜西) 10. Everything was perfect for the picnic except _ the weather. (浙江) 11. This is a junior school. You should go to a sen

26、ior school _ girls of your age. (北京) 12. Although _ my opinion, the old professor didnt come up with his own. (福建,beyond,for,against,for,13. _ the silence of the pauses, we could hear each others breathing and could almost hear our own heartbeats. (湖南) 14. Scientists are convinced _ the positive eff

27、ect of laughter _ physical and mental health. (江西) 15. Experts have been warning _ some time of the health risks caused by passive smoking. (江西) 16. The manager suggested an earlier date _ the meeting. (全國(guó)I,In,of on,for,for,17. Some people choose jobs for other reasons _ money these days.(全國(guó)II) 18.

28、Some students often listen to music _ classes to refresh themselves. (四川) 19. The open-air celebration has been put off because _ the bad weather. (浙江) 20. Sorry, Madam. Youd better come tomorrow because its _the visiting hours. (福建) 21. Its quite_ me why such things have been allowed to happen. (安徽

29、,besides,between,of,beyond,beyond,22. Its a top secret. Yes, I see. I will keep the secret _ you and me.(上海) 23. People have always been curious_ how living things on the earth exactly began. (遼寧) 24. After the earthquake, the injured were cared_ in the local hospitals or taken to the hospitals in t

30、he neighboring cities. (江西) 25. I would like a job which pays more, but _ the other hand I enjoy the work Im doing at the moment. (浙江,between,about,for,on,26. More and more young people are fond _ playing tennis nowadays. (上海) 27. Leave your key with a neighbor _ case you lock yourself out one day.

31、(北京) 28. Villagers here depend on the fishing industry, _ which there wont be much work. (上海) 29. For many cities in the world, there is no room to spread our further, _ which New York is an example. (四川,of,in,without,of,30. By nine oclock, all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma, _which appeared a rare rainbow soon. (福建) 31. The book was written in 1946, _ when the education system has witnessed great charges. (山東) 32. He was ed