非謂語動詞用法總結(jié)

1、非謂語動詞用法總結(jié)一非謂語動詞區(qū)別簡表 類別區(qū)別to dodoingdone含義主動被動同位或?qū)碇鲃踊颍ㄕ冢┻M(jìn)行被動或完成成分主語、賓語、表語定語、狀語、補(bǔ)語（動名詞）：主語、賓語、表語、定語（表用途）(現(xiàn)在分詞)：定語、狀語、補(bǔ)語表語（多表狀態(tài)）作定語、狀語、補(bǔ)語、否定（not）to do(not)doing(not)done時(shí)態(tài)一般：to do進(jìn)行：to be doing完成：to have done完成進(jìn)行:to have been doing一般:doing進(jìn)行:本身完成:having done（只作狀語）完成進(jìn)行:無一般：done進(jìn)行：無完成：本身 語態(tài)一般被動：to be do

2、ne 進(jìn)行被動：無完成被動：to have been done完成進(jìn)行被動:無一般被動:being done 進(jìn)行被動:本身完成被動:having been done完成進(jìn)行被動:無本身作用作目的狀語、條件狀語、原因狀語、結(jié)果狀語 作時(shí)間狀語、條件狀語、原因狀語、結(jié)果狀語、方式狀語、伴隨狀語、讓步狀語作時(shí)間狀語、條件狀語、原因狀語、方式狀語、伴隨狀語、讓步狀語非謂語動詞作主語一.動詞不定式作主語1.不定式作主語表示具體的動作，通常指一件已知的事或目的。不定式作主語時(shí)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。 To say is a thing,to do is another.(說是一回事，做是另外一回事。)2. 不

3、定式短語較長時(shí)，通常放在謂語之后，用it作形式主語。It is important to learn English well.(學(xué)好英語是重要的。)It is necessary for us to do the job well.(我們做好這項(xiàng)工作是必要的。)It is a great honor to be invited to give a speech here.(被邀請?jiān)谶@兒發(fā)表演講是一個(gè)極大的榮幸。)二.動詞ing不定式作主語 1.動名詞做主語往往表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動作或狀態(tài)。Watching news on TV has become a routine for me.(經(jīng)常

4、性、習(xí)慣性的動作)Talking is easier than doing.(狀態(tài)）(1)動名詞直接置于句首。Talking is easier than doing.(2).Ving 形式作主語時(shí)常后置,用it作形式主語Playing video games is a waste of timeIt is a waste of time playing video games常見句式：It is no good/no use/ useless doing sth 做.沒有用的It is a waste of time doing sth做.是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間的(3).There be 結(jié)構(gòu)中作主語：

5、A. There is no+doing 表示不可能做某事There is no knowing the future =we cant know the future. 我們不可能知道未來發(fā)生什么B.There is no point doing 做某事沒有意義Theres no point having wishes if you dont at least try to do them.拓展：動名詞作主語時(shí)，單個(gè)V-ing 做主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上表達(dá)不同意義的V-ing 作主語，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。Seeing _ (be) believing.Watching TV and

6、 reading books _(has) become a routine for me.非謂語動詞作賓語一、動詞不定式作賓語1.常只用不定式作賓語的動詞(即：動詞+to do) 記憶口訣如下：同意提出做計(jì)劃，要求答應(yīng)來幫忙。準(zhǔn)備決定遭拒絕，敢于選擇有希望。不能做到莫假裝，設(shè)法做成決心堅(jiān)。agree (同意)； offer (提出)； intend， plan (打算，計(jì)劃)； demand， ask (要求)； promise (答應(yīng))； help (幫忙)； prepare (準(zhǔn)備)； decide (決定)； refuse (拒絕)；dare (敢于)； choose (選擇)； wi

7、sh，hope，want， expect (希望，想要)； fail ；（不能；忘記）； pretend (假裝)； manage (設(shè)法)； determine（決心）。 He refused to help me.(他拒絕幫助我.She has agreed to come tomorrow.(他已同意明天來.)2.不定式較長時(shí),作賓語,也可用it代替，放在后面。I find it difficult to do the job well.3. “特殊疑問詞不定式to do結(jié)構(gòu)”具有名詞特征，可作賓語。She didnt know whether to go or not.They hav

8、ent decided when and where to build the school.4.不定式可作介but,except,besides“除之外”的賓語，介詞前有實(shí)義動詞do的任何一種形式，后邊的不定式就無to,否則必帶to。I want to do nothing but play the computer gamesI have no choice but to wait名詞做賓語的口訣 : 即動詞+v.ing考慮建議盼原諒，承認(rèn)推遲沒得想避免錯(cuò)過繼續(xù)練，否認(rèn)完成就欣賞禁止想象才冒險(xiǎn)，不禁介意準(zhǔn)逃亡難以忍受始反對，想要成功堅(jiān)持忙習(xí)慣放棄有困難，導(dǎo)致專心防道歉。二、動詞ing作賓語

9、：1.動名詞( 即動詞+v.ing)作賓語的口訣 :考慮建議盼原諒，承認(rèn)推遲沒得想避免錯(cuò)過繼續(xù)練，否認(rèn)完成就欣賞禁止想象才冒險(xiǎn)，不禁介意準(zhǔn)逃亡難以忍受始反對，想要成功堅(jiān)持忙習(xí)慣放棄有困難，導(dǎo)致專心防道歉。解析：（記住口訣中對應(yīng)的動詞，）第一句包含的動詞有：consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse/pardon, 第二節(jié)包含的動詞有：admit, delay/put off, fancy（想像，想要）, 第三句包含的動詞有：avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practice, 第四句句包含的動詞有：deny（否認(rèn)，拒絕

10、）, finish, enjoy/appreciate（欣賞）, 第五句包含的動詞有：forbid, imagine, risk（冒險(xiǎn)）第六句包含的動詞有：cant help, mind, allow/permit, escape.第七句包含的動詞有：cant stand(難以忍受），set about 開始，著手，object to（反對）, 第八句包含動詞有：feel like（想要），succeed in (成功)，stick to(堅(jiān)持) ，insist on（堅(jiān)持，強(qiáng)調(diào)，堅(jiān)決要求） ，be busy (in)（忙于做某事）第九句包含的動詞有：be used/accustomed to

11、(習(xí)慣于)， give up（放棄）, have difficulty/trouble (in), （做某事有困難）第十句包含的動詞有：lead to（導(dǎo)致）, devote to（將奉獻(xiàn)給；把專用于）， prevent from（ 預(yù)防，防止），apologize for（為道歉）,此外，have a good/wonderful/hard time (in), spend time (in),thank you for, pay attention to, aim at 目的在于，旨在；瞄準(zhǔn)；企圖 ,accuseof 控告；譴責(zé) ， get down to（開始認(rèn)真處理，對待）, etc.

12、非謂語動詞作表語一.動詞不定式作表語1.不定式作表語放在be和其他系動詞后，表示主語的具體內(nèi)容。在表示“目的，愿望，夢想，需求”等名詞做主語時(shí)其表語應(yīng)該用不定式。“特殊疑問詞不定式”具有名詞特征，也可作表語。1.Her wish was to become an artist.她的愿望是成為一位藝術(shù)家。2.The most important thing is to put the theory into practice.最重要的是要把理論應(yīng)用到實(shí)踐。3.Our aim is to help them，not to teach them a lesson.我們的目的是幫助他們，而不是教訓(xùn)他們

13、4.The first question is how to find a better way to learn English well. 2.不定式作主語時(shí)，表語也必須為不定式，結(jié)構(gòu)必須保持一致。To see is to believe.3.如果主語部分的謂語動詞或非謂語動詞是實(shí)義動詞do的某種形式，那么作表語的不定式可以省去to.The first thing to do is find her.The only thing he could do was tell the truth.例：What he did was_(wait)二.動名詞可作表語動名詞可作表語，表示抽象概念。動名

14、詞做表語一般用來表示“身份，職業(yè)”等.大部分時(shí)候主語與表語可以互換。在概念上可以和主語劃等號。把主語和表語倒過來，句子的基本含義不變。此外，還要注意主語與表語的一致性。例3還可以說成：To see is to believe.His hobby is painting.My job is teaching.(Teaching is my job.)Seeing is believing.百聞不如一見?？偨Y(jié)一般來說，表示比較抽象的一般行為時(shí)多用動名詞做表語;表示具體某次動作，特別是將來的動作時(shí)，多用不定式.三.現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作表語練習(xí)1.The situation is_(encourage

15、).2.The door remained_(lock)when he came again.3.She looked_(disappoint).4.The news is quite_(astonish).總結(jié)：surprise，interest，excite，puzzle，disappoint，astonish，encourage，inspire，shock，move 等及物動詞用做表語時(shí)，要看其與主語的關(guān)系?，F(xiàn)在分詞(ving)作表語表主動關(guān)系, 表示主語的特征,主語常是物。如果是被動關(guān)系，用過去分詞done這種形式，表示主語的狀態(tài)。過去分詞作表語表示被動意義，主語常是人，一般用來表示感

16、受和狀態(tài)。有些過去分詞作表語實(shí)際上已經(jīng)構(gòu)成固定短語。如：be interested in,be satisfied with,be covered with,be dressed in,be seated,be locked等。能用這些分詞作表語的系動詞有be,get,remain,stay等。The news astonished us.這句話就表明了the news與astonish為主動關(guān)系。astonish與us為被動關(guān)系。那么就可以直接得出以下兩個(gè)句子：1)The news was astonishing.2)We were astonished(by the news).1.The

17、 speech was so _that they were all_.A.inspiring;exciting B.inspiring;excited C.inspired;excite D.inspired;exciting2.Her wish is _an engineer.A.becoming B.become C.to become D.being come3.Some peoples greatest pleasure is_.A.fishing B.to fish C.to be fishing D.being fish4.The report was so_that they

18、were all_.A.inspiring，exciting B.inspiring，excited C.inspired，excited D.inspired，exciting5.From his_expression，we could see he was_.A.puzzled;puzzling B.puzzled;puzzled C.puzzling;puzzling D.puzzling;puzzled非謂語動詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語定義：賓語補(bǔ)足語通常是位于賓語之后，說明賓語的狀態(tài)、特征的成分，多由名詞,形容詞、副詞、不定式,動名詞個(gè)分詞充當(dāng).如： The sun keeps us warm.

19、 We call her Jenny. They found him out. Make yourself at home. They wish you to go with them. I heard him singing.You must get your hair cut.賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語=復(fù)合賓語，賓語和賓語補(bǔ)足語之間在邏輯上往往有主表、或者主謂的關(guān)系.一、動詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)。1.V1 + sb. + to do sth.常用動詞有： advise 建議 allow 允許 ask 叫，請 bear 忍受beg 乞求 cause 導(dǎo)致 command 命令 encourage 鼓勵exp

20、ect 期待 forbid 禁止 force 迫使 get 使hate 討厭 help 幫助 intend 想要 invite 邀請leave 讓 like 喜歡 mean 打算 need 需要oblige 迫使 order 命令 permit 允許 persuade 說服prefer 寧愿 request 請求 remind 提醒 teach 教tell 告訴 trouble 麻煩 want 想要 warn 警告wish 希望 wait for 等 would like 想要 would love 想要 would prefer 寧愿persuade (勸說）sb to do sth = p

21、ersuade sb into doing sth溫馨提示：1. advise, forbid,allow, permit 這四個(gè)詞后既可以直接加動名詞作賓語，也可以接不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，即構(gòu)成doing sthadvise/ forbid/ allow/ permit sb to do sth2. fear, excuse, refuse, insist, hope, suggest, agree, decide, demand, thank, arrange 等動詞后不可接 sb to do sth。They forbade her to leave the country. 他們禁止她離

22、開國家。 Please remind me not to be late for the meeting.請?zhí)嵝盐议_會不要遲到。 3. He asked me to keep my word.他要我信守承諾。練習(xí)：Exercise11. I didnt want my parents _(help ) me.2. Joan promised the dinner _( cook ) before we returned.3. The doctor advised the patient _( take ) two pills every four hours.4. My advisor enc

23、ouraged _ a summer course to improve my writing skills. (北京卷) A. for me taking B. me taking C. for me to take D. me to take 5. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _. (全國卷)A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not do二、在感官動詞(feel, listen to, hear, see, look at

24、, watch, notice 等)和使役動詞(make, let, have)后，要用不帶 to 的不定式作賓補(bǔ)。但在這些動詞的被動式(如果可以變?yōu)楸粍邮降脑?后用作主語補(bǔ)足語的不定式要帶 to。The boss made her work long hours.主語 謂語 賓語 賓補(bǔ)She was made to work long hours (by her boss). 主語 謂語 主補(bǔ)訣竅：某些動詞真奇怪，to來to去令人猜；主動語態(tài)to離開，被動語態(tài)to回來。記憶方法：一感(feel)、二聽(hear, listen to)、三讓(let, have, make)、五看(see,

25、look at, watch, notice，observe)。注：(1) 動詞help后，可以加to,也可以省略to. I will help him (to) clean the room.。Lucy often helps her brother (to) learn English.口訣：賓補(bǔ)省to有習(xí)慣，只有動詞十一個(gè)半：五“看”二“聽”一“感覺”，三個(gè)“使役”緊跟著。一個(gè)“幫助”兩均可，牢記保你不出錯(cuò)。練習(xí)：1. Though he had often made his little sister _, today he was made _ by his little siste

26、r. A. cry, to cry B. crying, crying C. cry, cry D. to cry, cry2. Paul doesnt have to be made _. He always works hard. (全國卷)A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning注意：感官動詞 feel，hear，listen to，see，watch，notice，observe，look at（一感二聽五看）非謂語作賓補(bǔ)情況：+do作賓補(bǔ)，表示事情全過程或一次性動作，該動作已完成。表示一個(gè)事實(shí)。+doing作賓補(bǔ)，表示一個(gè)正在進(jìn)行和發(fā)生的

27、動作，尚未結(jié)束。具有一定的描述性。+done作賓補(bǔ)，sb跟done之間是被動關(guān)系。總結(jié)：See/ watch/observe 等 1. I saw him _(change )the wheel of his car.我看見他在換汽車輪子。2. I saw him _(change)the wheel of his car.我看見他換了汽車輪子。3. I saw the wheel of his car_( change) by a boy just now.4. Suddenly I noticed her_( stand) outside. 突然我注意到她正站在外邊。5. I have n

28、ever heard the song _(sing) in my school. 我從未聽過這首歌在我們學(xué)校被唱過。三、動詞leave, find, keep, catch后接非謂語動詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語的情況 doing 讓一直做某事（表主動關(guān)系，正在進(jìn)行） 1. leave sth. /sb. undone （unfinished, unsettled, 等）留下某事未做 doing 發(fā)現(xiàn)/使/ 撞到做某事2. find /keep/ catch sb. /sth. done 發(fā)現(xiàn)/使/ 撞到被1. It was so cold that they kept the fire _ all ni

29、ght. (全國卷)A. to burn B. burnt C. burning D. burned2. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _ in the kitchen. (全國卷)A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked3. He looked around and caught a man _ his hand into the pocket of a passenger. (安徽卷)A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting4. The

30、 salesman scolded the girl caught _ and let her off. (全國卷)A. to have stolen B. to be stealing C. to steal D. stealing5.Dont leave the water _ while you brush your teeth. (天津卷)A. run B. running C. being run D. to run四、使役動詞后非謂語動詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語的常用結(jié)構(gòu)：1. have/get sth. done 讓某事被 例：Ill have/get my computer repaire

31、d.2. have / make / let sb. do 讓某人做某事 例：She made me cry/ got me to cry. get sb. to do 3. have sb. /sth.doing sth. 讓持續(xù)地做 4. get sb / sth doing 使.開始做.5.make oneself done 使某人自己被.make oneself 后常用understood/ heard / seen / known等過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)1. The speaker raised his voice but still couldnt make himself _. (全國卷

32、)A. hear B. to hear C. hearing D. heard2. Helen had to shout _ above the sound of the music. (廣西卷)A. making herself hear B. to make herself hear C. making herself heard D. to make herself heard 五.表示心理狀態(tài)的動詞consider, think, believe, discover, find, imagine, judge, suppose, prove等動詞后的不定式通?！皌o be+形容詞或名詞

33、結(jié)構(gòu)，to be?？墒÷?。We consider him (to be) a good teacher.He proved that theory (to be) very important.練習(xí)：六with 復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中非謂語動詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語的情況。 doing （主動；進(jìn)行） with + n./pron. + done （被動；完成/狀態(tài) ） to do （將來）1. With so many things to buy, he went to the market.2. With all the things bought, he left the supermarket.3. Wit

34、h many people waiting outside, the manager felt worried.Exercise:1. The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog_them. A. to follow B. following C. followed D. follows2. John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work_.A. Finished B. finishing C. having finis

35、hed D. was finished1. Im going to have my car _.A. to be fixed B. to fix C. fixed D. to fix2. He had his leg _ in the match yesterday.A. to break B. broken C. break D. breaking3. The murderer was brought in, with his hands _ behind his back.A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied4. Jane g

36、ot her bad tooth _ at the dentists.A. to put in B. pulled out C. pushed out D. drawing out5. By the way, when did you get your bedroom _? Last week.A. to paint B. painted C. painting D. to be painted6. The children were found _ in the cave.A. trapping B. trapped C.to be trapped D. be trapped7. On a

37、_ morning the little girl was found _ at the corner of the street.A. freezing; freezing B. freezing; frozen C. frozen; frozen D. frozen; freezing 8. Before he came to London, he had never heard a single English word _.A. speaking B. spoken C. to be spoken D. speak9. Im afraid that I cant make myself

38、 _ because of my poor English.A. understand B. understanding C. to understand D. understood 10. Mrs. Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had _ went wrong again.A. it B. it repaired C. repaired D. to be repaired非謂語動詞作定語一不定式作定語不定式的一般式通常表示一個(gè)將來或經(jīng)常性的動作1. 不定式作定語常用于不定代詞或被the firs

39、t/next/only/last等修飾的名詞和其他一些名詞、代詞之后。She is always the first (one) to come and the last to leave.2. 如果作定語的不定式與被修飾的名詞有動賓關(guān)系，需要不及物動詞后通常要加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。Lets first find a room to live in / to put the things in.We have nothing to worry about. (=There is nothing for us to worry about.)3. 不定式作定語修飾一個(gè)在邏輯上是其賓語名詞時(shí),若在句子中

40、能找到該不定式的邏輯主語, 則該不定式多用主動表被動，否則，用被動式。（本結(jié)構(gòu)是高考?？键c(diǎn)） I have a lot of things to do today. ( I . do . things)Have you got anything to say at the meeting? ( you. say . anything) Here is a letter to be taken to Mr. Li.二現(xiàn)在分詞（ving）作定語1.單獨(dú)一個(gè)分詞作定語時(shí)，一般情況下被放在被修飾的名詞前面，短語則放在被修飾詞的后面作后置定語，表示它所修飾名詞的動作，表示主動或正在進(jìn)行的動作（及物動詞）

41、，可以轉(zhuǎn)換成定語從。 Barking dogs seldom bit.=Dogs which barks seldom bit.愛叫的狗很少咬人。a sleeping child ( = a child who is sleeping )the boy standing there ( = the boy who is standing there ) The girl singing is my classmate.2.不及物動詞現(xiàn)在分詞作定語表示動作正在進(jìn)行（進(jìn)行（不及物）。 A developing country needs aids. A country that/which is

42、developing needs aids.falling leaves The leaves are fallingboiling water The water is boiling三. 動名詞（ving）作定語動名詞做定語，表示物體的用途。sleeping bag 睡袋（用來睡覺的袋子）walking stick 拐杖（用來走路的棍子）drinking water飲用水（用來喝的水）swimming pool游泳池（用來游泳的池塘）區(qū)別：a swimming girl a swimming pool四.過去分詞作定語。1.過去分詞作定語時(shí)，所修飾的名詞在邏輯上相當(dāng)于被動句中的主語，過去分

43、詞相當(dāng)于謂語。過去分詞與它所修飾的名詞有邏輯（意義）上的動賓關(guān)系，表示動作的被動且完成。(及物動詞）Heisateacherlovedbyhisstudents= He is a teacher who is loved by his students他是個(gè)很受學(xué)生愛戴的老師I like songs performed by Mao Aming=I like songs which was performed by Mao Aming.2.不及物動詞的過去分詞作定語時(shí)一般作前置定語，它不表示被動意義，只表示主動意義，強(qiáng)調(diào)動作完成。不能像及物動詞的過去分詞那樣放在名詞后面作定語。fallenle

44、aves落葉 retiredworkers退休工人therisensun升起的太陽 the boiled water 開水developed country 發(fā)達(dá)國家五.to be done, being done, done 均可用作定語，且都表示被動意義，其區(qū)別在于：to be done 表示將來，being done 表示目前正在發(fā)生，done 表示過去已經(jīng)發(fā)生。如：The house to be built next year is a cinema. 明年建的那座房子是家電影院。The house being built now is a cinema. 現(xiàn)在正在建的房子是家電影院。

45、The house built last year is a cinema. 去年建的那座房子是家電影院。1. Many buildings in the city need repairing, but the one _first is the library.A. repaired B. being repaired C. repairing D. to be repaired 2. Im calling to enquire about the position _ in yesterdays China Daily. A. advertised B. to be advertised

46、 C. advertising D. having advertised 3. After she completes the project, shell have _.A. nothing to worry about B. nothing to worryC. nothing to be worried about D. nothing worrying about4. His first book _ next month is based on a true story.A. published B. to be published C. to publish D. being pu

47、blished 5. A great number of students _ said they were forced to practise the piano. A. to question B. to be questioned C. questioned D. questioning 6. Tsinghua University, _ in 1911,is home to a great number of outstanding figures.A. Found B. founding C. founded D. to be founded非謂語動詞作狀語一、動詞不定式作狀語不定

48、式作狀語主要是表示目的、條件、原因和結(jié)果，可位于句首或句末，但句首時(shí)通常用逗號隔開。We set off early that morning to catch the first bus.（目的）To get a good result,she worked very hard.（目的）She was very happy to get the first prize.(原因)He worked hard only to fail.(結(jié)果)(注：1.不定式常用在so as 或in order后,與它們一起作謂語，表示目的，但so as引起的不定式不可置于句首。 In order to avo

49、id mistakes,check your homework. 2.不定式表目的常和only連用，往往表示出乎意料的意想不到的不愿得到的結(jié)果。He hurried to the station only to find the train had left.)3“形容詞enough不定式”和“too形容詞或副詞（不表情感）不定式” 也可作結(jié)果狀語。 He is old enough to go to school.He is too weak to raise the stone.但“too表情感形容詞（pleased,ready,glad,willing,anxious等）to do”表示

50、肯定意義，too前面可用only,but等詞修飾。They were (only) too anxious to leave.(他們只是太急于離開了。)She is (only) too pleased to go home.(她非常高興可以回家了。)二、分詞作狀語分詞在句中作狀語，修飾謂語動詞或整個(gè)句子，表示動作發(fā)生的原因、時(shí)間、方式、結(jié)果、條件、伴隨狀況等。1.分詞作狀語形式的選擇形式意義v.ing (doing) 否定式為“not +動詞-ing”與句中主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，與句中謂語動詞同時(shí)發(fā)生，或基本上同時(shí)發(fā)生The children ran out of the room, l

51、aughing and jumping.Not knowing what to do, he sat there crying.Having+v.-ed (having done)其完成式的否定式為“not + having +動詞過去分詞”。與句中主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，先于謂語動詞發(fā)生。Having finished all the work, they had a good rest.v.-ed (done)與句中主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系The mother came in, followed by her son. being+v.-ed (being done)被動式的否定式為“n

52、ot+being+動詞過去分詞”，與句中主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系,且與謂語動詞同時(shí)發(fā)生，一般作原因狀語置于句首。Not being noticed by the public, the young writer felt a little pity.having been+v-ed (having been done)與句中主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系,且先于謂語動詞發(fā)生。 Having been attacked by terrorists,the tall building collapsed2.分詞作狀語的基本原則1）分詞作狀語時(shí)，分詞的邏輯主語必須與句子的主語保持一致。2）分詞作狀語必須和句中主語含有邏輯上的主謂或動賓