loveisafallacy愛情是謬誤解讀ppt課件

1、love is a fallacy,第二組,By Max Shulman,Note About The Author,Name: Max Shulman Born: Mar 14, 1919 in St. Paul, Minnesota Died: Aug 28, 1988 in Los Angeles, California Occupation: Writer Active: 50s Major Genres: Comedy, Romance Career Highlights: House Calls, Rally round the Flag, Boys!, The Tender Tr

2、ap First Major Screen Credit: Half a Hero (1953,Max Shulman (March 14, 1919August 28, 1988) is a 20th century American writer best known for his television and short story character Dobie Gillis, as well as for best-selling novels. His writing often focused on young people, particularly in a collegi

3、ate setting. Shulman works include the novels Rally Round the Flag, Boys! and Sleep Till Noon. He was also a co-writer, with Robert Paul Smith, of the long-running Broadway play, The Tender Trap, starring Robert Preston, which was later made into a successful movie,Author,However, he is probably bes

4、t remembered for his creation of the character “Dobie Gillis”, who was the subject of a series of short stories compiled under the title, The Many Loves of Dobie Gillis, which became the basis for a CBS television series of the same name, and had previously been the subject of a film,Author,Shulman

5、was also a screenwriter（編?。? He was one of the collaborators（合作者） on a television documentary（記錄）, Lights Diamond Jubilee光明的周年紀(jì)念, which was supposedly a celebration of the 75th anniversary（周年） of the invention of the light bulb by Thomas A. Edison,Charles Lamb (1775-1834,Thomas Carlyle ( 1795-1881,J

6、ohn Ruskin (1819-1900,English essayist and critic,English author, Scottish writer,English critic and social theorist. A writer on art and architecture,Warming up,What is love? What is logic? What is logical fallacy,What is logic,Briefly speaking, we might define logic as the formal systematic study

7、of the principles of valid inference and correct reasoning . Logic is used in most intellectual activities, but is studied primarily in the disciplines of philosophy, mathematics, semantics, and computer science. Logic examines general forms which arguments may take, which forms are valid, and which

8、 are fallacies. But this is a rough definition, because how logic should be properly defined is actually quite a controversial matter,What is logical fallacy,Usually , an argument is deductively valid when its premises provide conclusive evidence for the conclusion. Otherwise an argument that fails

9、to be conclusively deduced is invalid; it is said to be fallacious. Three kinds of fallacy: 1. material fallacy - in its material content through a misstatement of the facts. 2. verbal fallacy - in its wording through an incorrect use of terms. 3. formal fallacy -in its structure through the use of

10、an improper process of inference,Logical fallacy:邏輯謬論,邏輯論證，即提出支持某些論題或結(jié)論的論據(jù)。論證有兩個(gè)部分組成：論點(diǎn)所支持的結(jié)論，與引證結(jié)論的某些前提。而結(jié)論是經(jīng)由前提所推導(dǎo)出來的。當(dāng)前提為結(jié)論提供確鑿證據(jù)時(shí)，論據(jù)的演繹推理便有效；反之則會成為謬論。 成為謬誤的方式有三種： a內(nèi)容，即事實(shí)陳述錯(cuò)誤；b措詞，即術(shù)語使用錯(cuò)誤；c結(jié)構(gòu)（或形式），即推導(dǎo)過程錯(cuò)誤。那么，邏輯謬誤可分為三類，即內(nèi)容（material）謬誤，措詞（verbal）謬誤以及形式（formal）謬誤,Logical fallacies in this story,1.Di

11、cto Simpliciter (以偏概全) 2.Hasty Generalization (草率推斷) 3.Post Hoc (牽強(qiáng)附會) 4.Contradictory Premises (自相矛盾) 5.Ad Misericordiam (文不對題) 6.False Analogy (錯(cuò)誤對比) 7.Hypothesis Contrary to Fact (違背事實(shí)) 8.Poisoning the Well (井中投毒,The examples of logical fallacies,1.Dicto Simpliciter (以偏概全) My roommate thinks that

12、 philosophy lesson is very hard, so is mine , thus , everyone think that the philosophy lesson is difficult. 2.Hasty Generalization (草率推斷) Guns and hammer , as well as metal can be recognized as murder tools.But limited purchase of hammers are ridiculous, thus limited to buy guns are also ridiculous

13、,3.Post Hoc (牽強(qiáng)附會) The last five times that Ive worn my white pants , something depressing has happened. Im not going to wear those pants again,4.Contradictory Premises (自相矛盾) There is a person who sells shield(盾) as well as spear(矛).He boasts of his shield, saying :“My shield is strong and clinking

14、, any sharp thing can get through it .”While at the same time he boasts of his spear ,and say :“My spear is sharp pole ,nothing can pierced.”Someone asks him:“If you use your spear to stab your shield, what will be the result ?” The man is tongue-tired, he cant say a word,5.Ad Misericordiam (文不對題) A

15、:What you eat today for breakfast? B:Last night , I ate rice , overnight ate lobster. 6.False Analogy (錯(cuò)誤對比) The birds nest is made by bird , so the bullpen is also made by cow,7.Hypothesis Contrary to Fact (違背事實(shí)) Pointing to the deer, intentionally say horse 8.Poisoning the Well (井中投毒) You are told

16、, prior to meeting him, that your friends boyfriend is a decadent(頹廢的) wastrel(廢物). When you meet him, everything you hear him say is tainted(污染的,Questions on the text,Whats the main idea of the text? What is the purpose of this story,Main idea of the text,This text is a piece of narrative（敘事） writi

17、ng, and the whole story is humorous satire（諷刺）. The writer, Max Shulman, is satirizing or making fun of a smug, self-conceited（自負(fù)的） freshman in a law school. The freshman is made the narrator of the story who goes on smugly boasting and singing praises of himself at any conceivable opportunity .He s

18、truggles against two antagonists（n.對手）: Petey Burch, his roommate whose girlfriend he plans to steal; and Polly Espy, the girl he intends to marry after suitable re-education. In order to smarten her up, the narrator decides to give her a course in logic. He succeeds too well because the whole thing backfires（事與愿違） on him when Polly refutes （駁斥）all his arguments as logical fallacies before finally rejecting him. At the end of the story, the reader feels the narrator has got what he deserved（應(yīng)得的）. He has b