非限定性定語從句與限制性定語從句講解與練習

1、定語從句知識點講解一一、定語從句的概念 在復合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞，定語從句一般放在先行詞的后面。二、定語從句的關系詞引導定語從句的關系詞有關系代詞和關系副詞，常見的關系代詞包括that， which， who（賓格whom，所有格whose）等，關系副詞包括where， when， why等。關系代詞和關系副詞放在先行詞及定語從句之間起連接作用，同時又作定語從句的重要成分。三、定語從句的分類根據(jù)定語從句與先行詞的關系，定語從句可分為限制性定語從句及非限制性定語從句。限制性定語從句緊跟先行詞，主句與從句不用逗號分開，從句不可省去，非限制性定語從句

2、主句與從句之間有逗號分開，起補充說明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。四、關系代詞的用法1. that 既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在從句中作主語或賓語，作主語時不可省略，作賓語可省略。例如：Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.瑪麗喜歡輕柔的音樂。（that作主語）The coat （that） I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是藍色的。（that作賓語）2.which用于指物，在句中作主語或賓語，作主語不可省略，作賓語可省略。例如：The building which stands near the tra

3、in station is a supermarket.位于火車站附近的那座大樓是一家超市。（作主語）The film （which） we saw last night was wonderful. 我們昨天晚上看的那部電影很好看。（作賓語）3.who， whom用于指人，who 用作主語，whom用作賓語。在口語中，有時可用who代替whom， 也可省略。例如：The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.經(jīng)常在英語方面幫助我的那個女孩是英國人。（作主語）Who is the teacher （whom） Li Mi

4、ng is talking to？ 正在與李明談話的老師是誰？（作賓語）注意：（1）當定語從句中含有介詞，介詞放在句末時，who， that， which可省略，但介詞在關系代詞前時，只能用“介詞+which/whom”結構。例如：This is the house in which we lived last year.這是我們?nèi)ツ昃幼〉姆孔?。Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.請告訴我你從誰那借的這本英文小說。（2）含有介詞的固定動詞詞組中，介詞不可前置，只能放在原來的位置上。例如：This is the pers

5、on whom you are looking for. 這就是你要找的那個人。（3）that 作介詞的賓語時，介詞不能放它的前面，只能放在從句中動詞的后面。例如：The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常遠。（4）關系詞只能用that的情況：a. 先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級所修飾，或本身是序數(shù)詞、基數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級時，只能用that，而不用which.例如：He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一個通過考試的人。b.被修飾的先行詞為all， any， much， ma

6、ny， everything， anything， none， the one等不定代詞時，只能用that，而不用which.例如：Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop？ 你在商店里有什么東西要買嗎？c.先行詞被the only， the very， the same， the last， little， few 等詞修飾時，只能用that，而不用which.例如：This is the same bike that I lost.這就是我丟的那輛自行車。d. 先行詞里同時含有人或物時，只能用that， 而不用which.例如：I

7、 can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚記得我在那個房間所見到的人和一些照片。e.以who或which引導的特殊疑問句，為避免重復，只能用that.例如：Who is the girl that is crying？ 正在哭泣的那個女孩是誰？f.主句是there be 結構，修飾主語的定語從句用that，而不用which.例如：There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本書是湯姆的。（5）關系詞只能用which，而不用t

8、hat 的情況：a.先行詞為that， those時，用which， 而不用that.例如：Whats that which is under the desk？ 在桌子底下的那些東西是什么？b.關系代詞前有介詞時，一般用which，而不用that.例如：This is the room in which he lives. 這是他居住的房間。c.引導非限制性定語從句，用which， 而不用that.例如：Tom came back， which made us happy. 湯姆回來了，這使我們很高興。五、關系副詞的用法（1）when指時間，其先行詞表示時間，在句中作時間狀語。例如：This

9、 was the time when he arrived.這是他到達的時間。（2）where指地點，其先行詞表示地點，在句中作地點狀語。例如：This is the place where he works.這是他工作的地點。（3）why 指原因，其先行詞是原因，起原因狀語作用。例如：Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 沒人知道他為什么上學總遲到。六限制性定語從句1. 限制性定語是指定語從句緊跟它所修飾的中心名詞或代詞之后，沒有逗號分開。2. 引導詞：分為關系代詞和關系副詞。（1） 關系代詞引導的定語從句：that

10、:指代人、事物，作主語、賓語，做賓語時可以省略who:指代人，做主語whom:指代人，做賓語，可以省略。它在口語和非正式用語中常用who代替，可以省略The man whowhom you met just now is my brother.which:指代事物，做主語、賓語。做賓語可以省略whose:指代人、物，做定語，其后直接加名詞He has a friend whose father is a doctor.The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.指物時常用以下結構代替：The classroom whose

11、door is broken will soon be repaired. The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired（2） 關系副詞引導的定語從句：where：指地點，在定語從句中做地點狀語Shai hai is the city where I was bornThe house where I live ten years ago has been pulled downwhen: 指時間，在定語從句中做時間狀語I still remember the day when I first came to t

12、he schoolwhy: 指原因，在定語從句中做原因狀語Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane注意:關系副詞引導的定語從句都可以用“介詞+關系代詞”引導的定語從句來代替Shai hai is the city wherein which I was bornI still remember the day whenon which I first came to the schoolPlease tell me the reason why for which you missed the plane3. 注意(1) 限制性定語從

13、句中只能用that的幾種情況：A 當先行詞是anything, everything, nothing (something 除外), few, all, none, little, some等代詞時，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等代詞修飾時 ，要用that Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li has said?There seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world.All that can be

14、 done has been done. B 當先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾,如：firstlastnext等 The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben. C 當先行詞是形容詞最高級或被形容詞最高級修飾時 This is the best film that I have seen. D 當形容詞被the very, the only 修飾時 This is the very dictionary that I want to buy, After the fire in his house, the old car

15、 is the only thing that he owned. E 當先行詞前面有who, which等疑問代詞時 Who is the man that is standing there? Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? F 當先行詞既有人，也有動物或者物體時 Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned? (3) 以the way為先行詞的定語從句通常由in which, that引導，而且通常可以省略。 The way in which/ that

16、/./ he answered the question was surprising練習1. All these activities can serve as a platform _ you might find the one you love. A. which B. that C. where D. when2. As a teacher, I seldom give my students so difficult a problem _ they cannot work out. A. that B. if C. in order thatD. as3.Are you goin

17、g somewhere during the winter vacation? Yes, Ive found a nice beach _ I can enjoy swimming even in February. A. that B. when C. where D. which4. In the end, it was Becky _ he turned for a gentle word and a smile. A. on whom B. in whom C. to whom D. for whom5. In Western culture, 21 was the age _ you

18、ng people traditionally received a key to their parents door, as a symbol of entering adulthood. A. in which B. on which C. at which D. to which6. The knee is the joint _ the high bone meets the large bone of the lower leg. A. when B. where C. which D. that7. Human facial expressions differ from tho

19、se of animals in the degree _ they can be controlled on purpose. A. with which B. to which C. of which D. for which8. I dont like the way _ he often uses to speak to me. A. in which B. how C. which D. what9. The officials have indicated that a new building will be built in 2010 _ can house another l

20、, 000 students. A. when B. what C. which D. where10.“Simpler”books are the foundation _ students build a lifelong habit of reading and further the actual skill of reading for longer and stronger periods of time. A. which B. upon which C. for which D. in which七非限定性定語從句非限制性定語從句只是對主句內(nèi)容，或先行詞的補充、解釋或附加說明。

21、主句與先行詞或從句之間一般用逗號分開，常常單獨翻譯。沒有它，主句意思仍然完整。引導非限制性定語從句的關系代詞有as，which，who， whom，whose等，作定語從句的主語、賓語、表語及定語。關系副詞有when，where等，作定語從句的狀語。關系代詞和關系副詞在定語從句中一般不能省。 1. which引導的非限定性定語從句來說明前面整個句子的情況或主句的某一部分，that不能用于引導非限制性定語從句 例如: Her house,which was built a hundred years ago,stood still in the earthquake.(那座房子在地震中依然聳立，

22、它是一百多年前建造的。) 2. 有時as也可用作關系代詞 3. 在非限定性定語從句中，用who, whom代表人，用which代表事物。 4.當先行詞是專有名詞或物主代詞和指示代詞所修飾時，其后的定語從句通常是非限制性的。 例如Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理史密斯去年退休了，他曾經(jīng)是我的老師。 My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.我去年買的的那幢房子帶著個漂亮的花園。5.非限制性定語從句還能將整個主句作為先行詞, 對

23、其進行修飾, 這時從句謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)， 例如：He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎沒抓住我的意思，這使我心煩。6as引導非限制性定語從句時，可以代主句的全部或部分內(nèi)容。常表說話人關于說話的依據(jù)、態(tài)度、評論、看法等。有“正如、像”等意思。定語從句可以置主句句首、句中或句末。as后常接expect，know，report，say，see等動詞的主、被動語態(tài)句。 egMike，as we expected，attended the meeting像我們所期望的那樣，邁克參加了會議。 e

24、gHe wasnt unconsicious，as could be judged from his eyes他并未失去知覺，這從他的眼神可以判斷出來。 7.which引導非限制性定語從句的情況很多。 I指代主句的全部或部分內(nèi)容時，常表事實、狀態(tài)、起因等，有“這就使得、這一點”等意思，常置主句末。主句與定語從句用逗號分開。 II指代先行詞有多種情況。定語從句置先行詞后面。(1)在“npronnumprep which”，“prepwhich”定語從句里。 1）They talked about a movie，the name of which Ive never forgotten他們談論過

25、一部電影，我決不會忘記片名。 2）China has thousands of islands，the largest of which is Taiwan中國有數(shù)千個島嶼，其中最大的是臺灣島。 3）Chaplin went to the states in 1910，by which time he had learnt to dance and act in comedies卓別林1910年去了美國，那時他已學會跳舞和演喜劇了。 (2)表唯一性，或者就是指代先行詞的事物時。 The dam，which is the biggest in the world，is 3，830 metres

26、long大壩長3，830米，是世界上最大的壩。(3)先行詞是獨一無二的事物時。The moon，which doesnt give out light itself，is only a satellite of the earth月球本身不發(fā)光，它只是地球的一個衛(wèi)星。(4)先行詞表示類屬的事物時。Football，which is a very interesting game，is played all over the world足球是一項非常有趣的運動，全世界都踢足球.(5)先行詞是專有名詞時。 1）Three of the biggest man-made projects in th

27、e world are the Great Wall of China，the Pyramids of Egypt and the Aswan High Dam， which is also in Egypt世界上最大的三項人造工程是中國的長城，埃及的金字塔和阿斯旺高壩，它也在埃及。 2）The Nile，which used to flood every year，now runs more regularly below the dam尼羅河年年漲洪水，現(xiàn)在比較正常地在大壩下面流過了。(6)先行詞是表人的職業(yè)、品質(zhì)、身份等名詞，作定語從句的表語時。主句和定語從句之間含有對比的意思。Mike

28、s brother is a policeman，which he isnt邁克的哥哥是警察，他可不是。(7)先行詞是形容詞作定語從句的表語時。主句和定語從句含有對比的意思。 Li Ling is very clever，which Li Long isnt李玲很聰明，李瓏可不是。 (8)先行詞是集體名詞表整體意思時。My family，which has 35 people，is a large one我家有35口人，是一個大家庭。(9)先行詞是國家名詞表地域概念時。Last year he went to Egypt，which is in Africa他去年去了埃及，埃及在非洲。 三、a

29、s，which是指代主句內(nèi)容的非限制性定語從句時，表依據(jù)、評論與表事實、狀態(tài)等沒有多大差別，又在主句末時，有時可以通用。 1He is quite pleased，as which can be seen from his face他非常高興，從他的表情可以看出來。 2You always work hard，as which everyone knows大家都知道，你一向勤奮學習。 但是，上面兩句把定語從句置主句句首時，就只能用as。 3This elephant is like a snake，as anybody can see像任何人都能看見那樣，這頭象像條蛇。 4Bamboo is

30、hollow，which makes it very light竹子是空的，這就使得它很輕。 在否定意義的非限制性定語從句里，一般用which引導。 5He came to my birthday party，which I didnt expect at all我完全沒有想到，他來參加我的生日聚會了。 4、 who，whom，whose等引導非限制性定語從句時，指代人的普通名詞、專有名詞等。表示正是或專指先行詞等情況。在定語從句中作主語、賓語、定語等。 1Bobs father，who worked on the project，spent four years in Egypt鮑勃的父親從

31、事這項工程，在埃及度過了四年。 2Dad，this is Zheng Jie，who I knew in Paris爸，這是鄭杰，我在巴黎認識的。 這一句是用主格who代替賓格 whom。 3His mother，whom he loved dearly， died in 1818他非常愛戴他的母親，她死于 1818年。 4Mr King，whose legs were badly hurt， was quickly taken to hospital金先生的腿受了重傷，他很快就被送去住院了。 npronnumprepwhom；prep whom；in whose n；the nof whom

32、等引導非限制性的定語從句。 5He spoke of a pen-pal，the name of whom whose name Ive never forgotten他提到過一個筆友，他的名字我從未忘記。 6 About 2，000people，many of whom were Europeans，worked on the project大約兩千人從事過這項工程，其中很多是歐洲人。 7 In his office there are nine clerks，the youngest of whom is Mr Liu他辦公室有9個職員，其中最年輕的是劉先生。 8 I decided to

33、 write about Chaplin，one of whose films I had seen several years before我決定寫有關卓別林的文章，他的一部電影我?guī)啄昵熬涂催^了。 9We went to hear this famous singer， about whom we had heard many stories我們?nèi)ヂ犨@個著名的歌唱家演唱。我們已經(jīng)聽說了有關他的很多故事。 10Mr Pattis，in whose office Ms King was working，was very surprised when he found out her secret

34、金女士在帕蒂思辦公室工作。他發(fā)現(xiàn)她的秘密時感到非常驚奇。 五、when，where引導非限制性定語從句時，作定語從句的狀語。when and then， where and there。why不引導非限制性定語從句。 1He was quickly taken to hospital，where a doctor wanted to examine Mr Kings legs金先生很快被送去住院，在那里一個醫(yī)生要檢查他的腿。 2 We will put off the outing until next week，when we wont be so busy我們把郊游推遲到下個星期，當我們不

35、忙的時候。 3He went to America in 1912，where and when he was noticed by an important film director他在1912年去了美國，在那里當時的他引起了一個重要電影導演的注意。 在prepwhere when非限制性定語從句里，where there，when then。 4His head soon appeared out of the second storey windows，from where he could see nothing but trees他的頭很快從第二層樓的一個窗戶伸出來了，從那里他只能

36、看見樹木。 5That was in 1929，since when things have been better那是在1929年，從那時起情況就已經(jīng)好轉了。 6I went to bed at ten，before when I was reading for an hour我10點去睡覺，在那時以前我看了1小時的書。 有時候where when可以用prepwhich替換。 7The southern states wanted to set up a country of their own，where they would be free to keep black slaves南方

37、各州要建立一個屬于他們自己的國家，在那里他們將自由地保留黑人奴隸。 8I still remembered January 10，on which when he came to see me我仍然記得1月10日，他來看我的那一天。 值得注意的是，不少同學誤認為只有 which 才能引導非限制性定語從句，這個觀點是不正確的。使用非限制性定語從句時，如果先行詞指人，則用 who ， which 或 whose 引導非限制性定語從句；先行詞指物可用 which 引導非限制性定語從句；先行詞表時間或地點且在從句中作時間狀語或地點狀語時，可用 when ， where 引導非限制性定語從句。七、限制性

38、和非限制性定語從句定語從句有限制性和非限制性定語從句兩種。一般地說，限制性定語從句用來限制先行詞的意義，與先行詞關系密切，是整個句子不可缺少的一部分，否則會造成全句意義不明確。而非限制性定語從句帶有補充說明的性質(zhì)，與先行詞之間存在一種松散的修飾關系，去掉后一般不會影響句子的主要意義。概括起來，兩者有如下區(qū)別： 1）形式不同：限制性定語從句常緊跟其先行詞，中間不用逗號隔開；而非限制性定語從句與先行詞之間常用逗號隔開。 After living in Paris for fifty years, he returned to the small town where he grew up as a

39、 child. 在巴黎生活了50年后，他回到了小時候生活過的那個小鎮(zhèn)。 2）意義不同 ：請比較下面兩個句子： My brother who is 18 years old is a college student. 我18歲的那個弟弟是大學生。 My brother, who is 18 years old, is a college student. 我弟弟是大學生,今年18歲。 第一句中，限制性定語從句限制了先行詞的意義，明確是18歲的那個弟弟（而不是其他的，即有可能還有幾個弟弟）。第二句使用了非限制性定語從句，表明可能只有一個弟弟，18歲，起補充說明作用。另外，如果先行詞是專有名詞或獨一

40、無二的人或物，通常用非限制性定語從句。 His mother, who loved him very much, died in 1818. 最愛他的母親于1818年去世了。 I like to chat with Jack, who is a clever boy. 我喜歡和杰克聊天，他是個聰明人。 When he was 17, he went to a technical school in Zurich, Switzerland, where he studied maths and physics. 17歲那年，他到瑞士的蘇黎士一家技校上學，在那兒他學習了數(shù)學和物理。 3）先行詞不同

41、：限制性定語從句的先行詞通常是名詞或代詞，而非限制性定語從句的先行詞除名詞或代詞外，還可以是整個主句（此時，常用which或as引導從句）。 All that is needed is a supply of oil. 所需要的只是一些油而已。 Carol said the work would be done by October, which personally I doubted very much. 凱羅爾說工作可在10月前完工，這一點我個人深感懷疑。 As has been announced, we shall have our final exams next week. (2

42、003上海春) 我們將于下周舉行期末考試，這一點剛才已經(jīng)宣布了。 句中as 是關系代詞，引導非限制性定語從句，指代后面整個主句的內(nèi)容。 4）引導詞不同：限制性定語從句的引導詞可用關系代詞that, which, who( whom, whose), as和關系副詞when, where, why；除that 和why 外，其它的關系代詞、關系副詞均可引導非限制性定語從句。 He is the only one of the students who / that has been a winner of scholarship for three years. (NMET 2000春) 他在這

43、些學生中是唯一連續(xù)3年獲得獎學金的一個。 She heard a terrible noise, which brought her heart into her mouth. (MET 1991) 她聽到一個可怕的聲音，差點兒把膽都給嚇破了。（句中which不可用that代替） The famous basketball star, who tried to make a comeback, attracted a lot of attention. (2002 春季) 那個籃球明星試圖復出江湖，吸引了眾人的注意。（句中who不可用that代替） 5）引導詞省略情況不同：眾所周知，在限制性定

44、語從句中，關系代詞如果充當從句的賓語可以省略；而非限制性定語從句中的關系代詞是不能省略的。 Is this the book (that / which) you are looking for? 這就是你要找的那本書嗎？（關系代詞that / which充當從句的賓語，可以省略） The result of the experiment was very good, which we hadnt expected. 實驗的結果非常好，這簡直出乎我們的意料。( 關系代詞 which在從句中充當expect的賓語，但因為引導的是非限制性定語從句，所以不能省略) 6）譯法不同：把句子翻譯成漢語時，

45、限制性定語從句中，通常先譯從句后譯先行詞；而非限制性定語從句中則往往相反。 We are living in an age when many things are done on computer. 我們生活在一個許多工作都由電腦來完成的時代。 We will be shown around the city: school, museums and some other places, where other visitors seldom go. 我們將被帶去參觀全市各地：包括學校、博物館和其它場所，那些其它游客很少去的地方。 非限制性定語從句易錯題1. 引導限制性定語從句時，關系代詞w

46、hich可以與that互換；但引導非限制性定語從句時，只能用which。例1She heard a terrible noise,_ frightened her.A. that B. whichC. what D. who例2 She heard a terrible noise，_ frightened her.A. that B. /C. what D. who解析： 例1意為：“她聽到一個可怕的聲音，這使她感到恐懼?！眛hat不能用于引導非限制性定語從句，故選B。例2意為：“她聽到了一個使她恐懼的可怕聲音?！币龑揎梟oise的限制性定語從句可以用which或that來引導,故選A。2

47、. 先行詞為reason時，限制性定語可以用why或for which來引導；非限制性定語從句則只能用for which來引導。例3I had told them the reason, _ I didnt attend the meeting.A. for which B. at whichC. for whom D. why例4I had told them the reason _ I didnt attend the meeting.A. when B. whichC. why D. for that解析： 例3意為：“我早已把理由告訴他們，于是我沒有出席會議?！毕刃性~為reason時

48、，非限制性定語從句應用for which引導，故選A。例4意為：“我已經(jīng)把為什么沒有出席會議的原因告訴他們。”the reason why.是常見搭配，答案為C。3. 引導限制性定語從句的關系代詞在從句中擔任賓語時可以被省略；但引導非限制性定語從句的關系代詞即使作賓語也不能省略。例5He was eager to go to the hospital to see his stepmother,_ he loved and respected as his own mother.A. as B. whichC. / D. whom解析： 本句意為：“他急于去醫(yī)院看望他的繼母，他像對待親生母親一

49、樣孝敬她。”關系代詞whom引導非限制性定語從句并作賓語，不能被省略，故選D。4引導限制性定語從句時并作從句賓語的關系代詞whom可以用who來代替；但在非限制性定語從句中，whom就不能用who替換。例6Do you know Tom, _ we talked about?A. which B. thatC. whom D. who例7The American journalist _ the announcer mentioned in the news broadcast is said to have been killed by the gangsters. Which of the

50、 following is wrong?A. who B. whom C. whose D. /解析： 例6意為：“你認識湯姆嗎? 我們談到過他。”應選C。例7意為：“播音員在新聞廣播中提到的那位美國記者據(jù)說已遭歹徒殺害。下列哪一項是錯誤的？”關系代詞作mentioned的賓語且指人時，可用who/whom/that，在限制性定語從句中可省略，故C是錯的。5當非限制性定語從句修飾整個主句時，其關系代詞只能用as ，不能用which。此時非限制性定語從句可置于主句之前、之后或之中。例8_ I expected, he didnt believe me.A. Which B. AsC. That

51、D. When解析： 本句意為：“正如我所預料的那樣，他不相信我的話?！狈窍拗菩远ㄕZ從句修飾整個主句，應用as引導，故答案為B。例9Mary was late for school,_ often happened.A. as B. for whichC. that D. why解析： 本句意為：“瑪麗上學遲到了，這是常有的事?！备鶕?jù)句意，關系代詞as引導的非限制性定語從句修飾前面的主句，其位置非常靈活，故答案為A。6. 由“介詞+關系代詞”引導非限制性定語從句，關系代詞指代整個主句時，不能用as，只能用which。例10He bought the car for more than $20,

52、000,_ his father was angry.A. about that B. with asC. when D. with which解析： 本句意為：“他花兩萬多美元買了這輛車，他父親對此很生氣。”which位于介詞with的后面，指代前面的主句，故答案為D。課堂練習：關系代詞與關系副詞關系代詞：指人： who(主格)， whom(賓格)，whose(所有格)指物： which(主格，賓格)， whose(所有格)指人或物： that關系副詞： when, where, why1. This is all _I know about the matter. A. that B. w

53、hat C. who D. whether2. Is there anything else _ you require? A. which B. that C. who D. what3. The last place _we visited was the Great Wall. A. which B. that C. where D. it4. He talked happily about the men and books_ interested him greatly in the school. A. which B. that C. it D. whom5. There is

54、no dictionary _ you can find everything. A. that B. which C. where D. in that6. This is one of the best books_. A. that have ever been written C. that has written B. that has ever been written D. that have written7. He wrote a letter to me, telling me everything _he saw on the way to the Paris. A. w

55、hat B. that C. which D. where8. Is oxygen the only gas _helps fire burn? A. that B. / C. which D. it9. Is there anything _to you? A. that is belonged B. that belongs C. which belongs D. that belong10. The scientist and his achievements _ you told me about are admired by us all. A. which B. that C. who D. whose11. Which of the books _were borrowed from him is the best? A. which B. what C. that D. whose結論： 先行詞有下列情況或附有下列修飾語時, 通常關系代詞that1)先行詞是all， no， none， everyone， something， much， little等。2)先行詞前有序數(shù)詞,形容詞最高級，the last， the