2021年中考人教版英語復(fù)習(xí)第三部分·題型一·完形填空

1、目錄,方法 1尋復(fù)現(xiàn),找答案 方法 2看語境,辨詞義 方法 3析邏輯,索答案 方法 4依常識,定答案 方法 5據(jù)搭配,知答案,方法,方法,完形填空是一種綜合性較強(qiáng)的題型,既考查考生的閱讀能力,又考查考生選詞用詞(根據(jù)文章的上下文邏輯關(guān)系正確選擇詞匯)的能力。該部分注重對考生語篇整體理解能力的考查,要求考生從所給材料中尋找線索,進(jìn)行合理的推理和猜測,在材料的空白處選入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~語。在做題的過程中,考生可著重考慮以下幾個(gè)方面,尋復(fù)現(xiàn),找答案,方法 1,在完形填空選項(xiàng)的設(shè)置上,命題人往往會通過原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、詞形變化復(fù)現(xiàn)、同義詞/近義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、上下句復(fù)現(xiàn)等方式重現(xiàn)已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)過的詞匯,或創(chuàng)設(shè)一種必須使

2、用特定詞匯的語境來考查考生在具體語境中使用詞匯的能力。因此,做題時(shí),在把握語篇、依托語境的基礎(chǔ)上,考生應(yīng)注意查找選項(xiàng)中是否有與上下文中的詞匯相照應(yīng)的選項(xiàng),運(yùn)用詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)技巧快速找出正確答案,思路指導(dǎo)】根據(jù)設(shè)空后的Reading can take you to places可知此處是說,讀半小時(shí)你喜歡的書,結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知D項(xiàng)符合文意。此題為詞形變化復(fù)現(xiàn),尋復(fù)現(xiàn),找答案,方法 1,典例1】2020河北節(jié)選 But if you are a book lover just like me, 47 a book you like for half an hour. Reading can take you

3、 to places youve never been.Putting yourself into a new world helps you forget your stress in this world for a little bit. 47.A. copyB. writeC. printD. read,尋復(fù)現(xiàn),找答案,方法 1,典例2】2019河北節(jié)選 Soon after, the company sent me a book about the life of Thomas Edison. How I enjoyed reading and rereading about his

4、 39! I like the recorded sound and the electric light most. The inventions were clearly printed on my brain. 39.A. lights B. projects C. suggestions D. inventions,思路指導(dǎo)】根據(jù)設(shè)空后列舉的一些關(guān)于Thomas Edison的發(fā)明和inventions可推斷,我非常喜歡讀關(guān)于他的發(fā)明的故事,故D項(xiàng)符合文意。此題為原詞復(fù)現(xiàn),看語境,辨詞義,方法 2,在完形填空選項(xiàng)的設(shè)置上,多考查考生通過上下文的提示或暗示,對文章進(jìn)行整體把握的能力。選項(xiàng)

5、所給的四個(gè)詞的詞性和意義相同或相近。如果脫離語境或只看句子的一部分,可能會有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的答案;若放在整篇文章提供的語境中,利用上下文提供的各種信息綜合分析,則能夠確定一個(gè)最佳答案。此類題解題信息分前置信息和后置信息兩種。因此在做此類試題時(shí),要從整體上把握文章內(nèi)容,認(rèn)真比較所給選項(xiàng),從而選出最符合上下文語境的答案,看語境,辨詞義,方法 2,典例3】2020河北節(jié)選 When the stress of exams is really hitting me, I stop and take a walk. I usually borrow my neighbors dog and walk f

6、or about fifteen minutes. Many boys would simply choose to run for a while, or play ball games. Having some 43 drives away your stress easily most of the time. 43.A. jokes B. sports C. tasks D. lessons,思路指導(dǎo)】根據(jù)設(shè)空前的run和play ball games可知此處是說,大多數(shù)時(shí)候,做一些運(yùn)動能很容易地驅(qū)散你的壓力,故所缺的詞是sports。此題根據(jù)前置信息得出的答案,看語境,辨詞義,方法

7、2,典例3】2020河北節(jié)選 When the stress of exams is really hitting me, I stop and take a walk. I usually borrow my neighbors dog and walk for about fifteen minutes. Many boys would simply choose to run for a while, or play ball games. Having some 43 drives away your stress easily most of the time. 43.A. joke

8、s B. sports C. tasks D. lessons,思路指導(dǎo)】根據(jù)設(shè)空前的run和play ball games可知此處是說,大多數(shù)時(shí)候,做一些運(yùn)動能很容易地驅(qū)散你的壓力,故所缺的詞是sports。此題根據(jù)前置信息得出的答案,看語境,辨詞義,方法 2,典例4】 2019河北節(jié)選 I learned that different inventors often invent similar things. It is not unusual for this to happen. I also learned that not all great ideas 43. Failure

9、is a common part of the inventing. 43.A. work B. fail C. come D. end,思路指導(dǎo)】根據(jù)下文提及的Failure is a common part of the inventing可知,我還了解到不是所有好的想法都能產(chǎn)生預(yù)期的效果,work有奏效,產(chǎn)生預(yù)期的結(jié)果(或作用)之意,故答案為A。此題根據(jù)后置信息得出的答案,析邏輯,索答案,方法 3,完形填空中有的題目側(cè)重考查考生對文章意思、人物話語的邏輯性的精準(zhǔn)判斷。解答此類題目時(shí)要關(guān)注連詞的功能,關(guān)注詞語的多義性,從具體語境入手,順著文章的思路,依據(jù)給出的上下文信息進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的判斷,

10、析邏輯,索答案,方法 3,有時(shí),選項(xiàng)中所給的四個(gè)詞為表示上下文邏輯關(guān)系的連接性詞語,涉及文章的起承轉(zhuǎn)合、上下連貫。這類題主要考查考生對上下文邏輯關(guān)系的理解,如轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系、讓步關(guān)系、因果關(guān)系、遞進(jìn)關(guān)系等。常見的承接語有and, but, however, so等。常見的such as, for example等表示列舉;first, next, then, finally等用來按次序描述事件發(fā)生的過程;though, although引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句; so表結(jié)果;because, since, for表原因,析邏輯,索答案,方法 3,典例5】2020河北節(jié)選 And 44 you find mu

11、sic helpful, give it a go.Listening to your favorite songs will surely make you happy.The best thing about this is that you dont have to go anywhere. 44.A. before B. until C. since D. if,思路指導(dǎo)】根據(jù)設(shè)空后的你發(fā)現(xiàn)音樂很有幫助及試一試可知,所缺的詞是if如果,引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句,析邏輯,索答案,方法 3,典例6】2018河北節(jié)選 Once there was a father and his daughter.

12、 The father asked his daughter how much she loved him. She said that she loved him as much as she loved salt. Her answer made the father very happy. Salt is a simple thing, 37 it is very important. So the father thought his daughter cared a lot about him. 37.A. or B. so C. and D. but,思路指導(dǎo)】設(shè)空前表示鹽是一種簡

13、單的東西,設(shè)空后表示它很重要;根據(jù)設(shè)空前后的內(nèi)容可知設(shè)空處表轉(zhuǎn)折,故but符合文意,依常識,定答案,方法 4,完形填空題的選文為獨(dú)立的語篇,它以自身的內(nèi)容提供完整的語篇信息,但解答完形填空題時(shí),有時(shí)僅靠文章中提供的信息還不夠,還需要考生依靠生活常識以及英語國家的文化背景知識等方面的信息來考慮,先找出并理解文章的主題和主線,再根據(jù)主題猜測細(xì)節(jié),注意從重復(fù)出現(xiàn)的詞語中尋找、確定答案,依常識,定答案,方法 4,典例7】2019河北節(jié)選 One day in fourth grade, our 37 gave us a project in class. 37.A. parent B. teacher

14、 C. inventor D. engineer,思路指導(dǎo)】根據(jù)設(shè)空前的in fourth grade和設(shè)空后的in class以及常識可知,我們的老師讓我們做一個(gè)項(xiàng)目,故所缺的詞是teacher,依常識,定答案,方法 4,典例8】2020安徽A篇節(jié)選 Many years later, I had a chance to work in Asia. I chose China mainly because I learned Chinese when I was young.However, I still wondered if I could 36 street signs, buy f

15、ood and talk to people there. 36.A. read B. touch C. afford D. move,思路指導(dǎo)】結(jié)合四個(gè)選項(xiàng)和常識可知,此處是說,作者想知道自己是否能看懂路標(biāo)、買食物、和當(dāng)?shù)厝私徽?。故選A,據(jù)搭配,知答案,方法 5,在完形填空中,也有考查固定搭配的題目,該類試題在完形填空題中所占比重較小。在解題時(shí),可以通過分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),進(jìn)行推理和判斷,從而選出最佳選項(xiàng),據(jù)搭配,知答案,方法 5,典例9】2020陜西節(jié)選 If you were ninety years old, what would you plan to do?Few people want

16、 to have new challenges(挑戰(zhàn)) 21 that age. However, an old man named Jing Kui did something that surprised a lot of people. 21.A. from B. of C. at D. on,思路指導(dǎo)】at.age意為在年紀(jì),為固定搭配,據(jù)搭配,知答案,方法 5,典例10】2020咸寧節(jié)選 Piao Wenyao(樸文垚)fell in love with the game of go(圍棋)when he started to play it at the age of 5. 39

17、that time, he knew he would be a go player for life. He kept practicing hard for many years. 39.A. In B. At C. On D. For,思路指導(dǎo)】at that time是固定搭配,意為在那時(shí),當(dāng)時(shí),故所缺的詞是At,據(jù)搭配,知答案,方法 5,高分指南】 1.完形填空所選的文章通常沒有標(biāo)題且文章的首句和尾句一般不設(shè)空?？忌?特別注意首句和尾句,因?yàn)樗鼈兺ǔＪ俏恼碌闹黝}句,對理解全文有較大幫助。 2.快速瀏覽一遍帶有空缺單詞的文章可能無法把握文章大意,這時(shí)考生應(yīng)注意克 服急躁心理,穩(wěn)定情緒,再將文章讀一至兩遍,直到明確大意為止。 3.做題時(shí)切勿看