直接引語變間接引語高中版整理

1、直接引語間接引語一、概念在日常交流中，有時(shí)我們需要引述別人的話。直接引用別人的原話（放在引號(hào)內(nèi)）就是直接引語，用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話叫間接引語。二、直接引語轉(zhuǎn)換成間接引語時(shí)，間接引語多為帶賓語從句的主從復(fù)合句，轉(zhuǎn)移過程應(yīng)注意下列變化：1）動(dòng)詞 間接引語主句動(dòng)詞主要有say, ask,tell 等。如： He said to mum, “I can do house work for you.”He told mum that he could do housework for her.She said to me, “Do you like milk?”She asked me if I li

2、ked milk.2) 句式/連詞直接引語間接引語陳述句say+that從句 tell+sb. +that從句疑問句一般疑問句ask/wonder+whether/ if+從句選擇疑問句ask/wonder+whether+or/or not反意疑問句ask/wonder+whether/if +從句特殊疑問句ask+sb.+特殊疑問詞+從句祈使句ask/tell/advice/+sb.+(not)to do sthsuggest that+從句感嘆句What或that引導(dǎo)例子：陳述句：She said to me I will came back an hour ago. She told

3、me (she said to me)that she had come back an hour before.一般疑問句：She said ,Are you going interested in English.He ask (me) if /whether I was interested in English.選擇疑問句： I asked him, “will you stay at home or go to a film tonight?I ask him whether he would stay at home or go to a film that night.反意疑問句

4、：Youve already got well,havent you? she asked.She asked whether /if he (I ) had already got well.特殊疑問句： He ask me ,Whats your name?He asked me what my name was.如果在直接引語的特殊疑問句中，疑問句做主語或主語的修飾語，則語序不需要變化.who can answer my question? the teacher said to us.The teacher asked us who could answer the question.

5、whose picture is the most beautiful in your class? asked the boys father.The boys father asked him whose picture was the most beautiful in his class.祈使句：He said to me shut the window,pleaseHe ask me to shut the window.He said,Dont make so much noiseHe told us not to make so much noise.Lets go to the

6、 cinema.Tom said.Tom suggested that they should go to the cinema.感嘆句：She said,What a lovely day it is!She said what a lovely day it was.She said that it was a lovely day.He said,How interesting the story is!She said how interesting the story was.He said that the story was interesting.三、直接引語轉(zhuǎn)換成間接引語“闖

7、五關(guān)”第一關(guān)：人稱代詞與指示代詞直接引語變間接引語時(shí)，要注意人稱代詞和指示代詞的變化。要根據(jù)說話的對(duì)象進(jìn)行人稱的變化，并使句子的意思前后一致。如：“You should be careful next time，”my father said to me.My father told me that I should be careful next time.Tom said to me, “ I can help you with your English.”Tom told me that he could help me with my English.He said, “This bo

8、ok isnt mine.”He said that book wasnt his.代詞人稱人稱的變化“一主、二賓、三不變”。 意為在改為間接引語時(shí)，直接引語里的第一人稱照主句的主語變化。第二人稱看主語的賓語而變化，第三人稱無需變化。直接引語第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱間接引語與主語一致與賓語一致不變?cè)嚤容^：Tom said to Kate , Are you going there with me?Tom ask kate if she was going with him.第一人稱me隨主語Tom變化為him,，第二人稱you隨Kate變化為she。kate said to Tom , Are

9、 you going there with me?Kate ask Tom if he was going with her.第一人稱me隨主語Kate變化為her,第二人稱you隨賓語Tom變成he。I said to Tom , Are you going there with me?i ask Tom if he was going with me.第一人稱me隨主語I 變化，第二人稱you隨Tom變化為he.指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語、方向性動(dòng)詞的變化類別直接引語間接引語指示代詞thisthatthesethose時(shí)間狀語nowthentodaythat daythis evenin

10、g/ tonightthat evening/ that nightyesterdaythe day beforethree days agothree days beforenext weekthe next weektomorrowthe next day地點(diǎn)狀語herethere方向性動(dòng)詞comegobringtake第二關(guān)：引導(dǎo)詞 1. 如果直接引語是陳述句，變成間接引語時(shí)，要用連詞that來引導(dǎo)。如：She said, “Im very glad to have such a chance.”She said that she was very glad to have such a

11、 chance. 2. 如果直接引語是一般疑問句，變成間接引語時(shí)，要用連詞if或whether引導(dǎo)。如：He asked me, “Do you like the film?”He asked me if/whether I liked the film.3. 如果直接引語是特殊疑問句，變成間接引語時(shí)，要用相應(yīng)的疑問詞引導(dǎo)。如：My sister asked me, “What are you doing?”My sister asked me what I was doing.第三關(guān)：時(shí)間狀語和地點(diǎn)狀語直接引語變間接引語時(shí)，時(shí)間狀語和地點(diǎn)狀語等要做相應(yīng)的變化。如把now改為then, tod

12、ay改為that day, yesterday改為the day before, ago改為before, tomorrow改為the next day, here改為there等。如：He said, “Ill go there today.”He said that he would go there that day.注意：如果當(dāng)?shù)剞D(zhuǎn)述，here不必改為there,動(dòng)詞come 不用改成go,如果當(dāng)天轉(zhuǎn)述，yesterday，tomorrow也不用改變。Kate said, I will come here tomorrow to help these children with the

13、ir English.Kate said that she would go there the next day to help those student with their English.Kate said that shewill come here tomorrow to help these children with their English.（在當(dāng)天當(dāng)?shù)剞D(zhuǎn)述）第四關(guān)：時(shí)態(tài)的變化直接引語變間接引語時(shí)，如果主句為現(xiàn)在（或?qū)恚r(shí)態(tài)，間接引語的時(shí)態(tài)不變；如果主句為過去時(shí)態(tài)，間接引語中的謂語動(dòng)詞也要相應(yīng)地用過去時(shí)態(tài)。如：1. He says, “I am going to Bei

14、jing tomorrow.”He says that he is going to Beijing tomorrow.2. She said to me, “Li Ping will come tomorrow.”She told me that Li Ping would come the next day.溫馨提示：如果轉(zhuǎn)述的內(nèi)容是客觀真理時(shí)，自然現(xiàn)象或是諺語、格言時(shí)態(tài)不變。如：He said, “Water boils at 100.” He said that water boils at 100.主句（直接引語）是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，間接引語時(shí)態(tài)不變；主句是一般過去時(shí)，間接引語時(shí)態(tài)要改為相

15、應(yīng)的過去時(shí)。直接引語間接引語一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過去時(shí)一般過去時(shí)過去完成時(shí)一般將來時(shí)過去將來時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)第五關(guān)：句子結(jié)構(gòu)的變化直接引語變間接引語時(shí)，間接引語要用陳述句的語序。引導(dǎo)詞要放在間接引語的最前面，接下來按“主謂賓”順序排列。即：直接引語轉(zhuǎn)換成間接引語時(shí)用陳述語序He asked Mike, “Where did you go?”He asked Mike where he had gone.練習(xí)：I.請(qǐng)選出正確的答案：1. “Youve already got well, havent you?” she asked. She asked _.A. if I h

16、ave already got well, hadnt youB. whether I had already got wellC. have I already got well D. had I already got well.2. He asked , “ Are you a Party member or a League member?”He asked me _.A. am I a Party member or a League memberB. was I a Party member or a League memberC. if I was a Party member

17、or a League memberD. whether was I a Party member or a League member.3. He asked, “How are you getting along?” He asked _.A. how am I getting alongB. how are you getting alongC. how I was getting alongD. how was I getting along4. He asked me _ with me.A. what the matter is B. what the mater wasC. wh

18、ats the matter D. what was the matter5. He said, “Dont do that again.” He _ me _ that again.A. said to me; not to do B. said to me; dont doC. told me; dont do D. told me; not to do6.Canyoumakesure_? A.thathewillcomeheretoday B.whenhewillcomeheretoday C.willhecomeheretoday D.whetherwillhecomeheretoda

19、y7.Doyouhappentoknow_? A.whereisheraddress B.inwhichplaceisheraddress C.whatheraddressis D.theplaceheraddressis8.Excuseme,butcanyoutellme_? A.wherecanIgettothelibrary B.whereIcangettothelibrary C.howcanIgettothelibrary D.howIcangettothelibrary9.Johnaskedme_tovisithisunclesfarmwithhim. A.howwouldIlik

20、e B.ifornotwouldIlike C.whetherIwouldlike D.whichIwouldlike10.Idliketoknow_Chinese. A.whenhebegantolearn B.whendidhebegintolearn C.whendidhebeginlearning D.forhowlonghebegantolearn II.將下列句子變?yōu)殚g接引語：1.“Youshouldbemorecarefulnexttime,”hisfathersaidtohim.2.Mr. Wangsaid, “IwillleaveforShanghaionbusinessne

21、xtmonth,children”3.“Ihaventheardfrommyparentsthesedays,”saidMary.4.Thegeographyteachersaidtous,“Themoonmovesaroundtheearthandtheearthgoesroundthesun.”5.Shesaidtohim,“Itstimethatyoulefthere.”6.ZhangHongsaidtome,“DoctorWangpassedawayin1948.”7.Johnsaidtohisparents,“Ihadlearned500Chinesewordsbytheendofl

22、astterm.”8.Thehistoryteachersaidtothem,“TheChineseCommunistPartywasfoundedonJuly1st,1921.”9.Hesaid,“Areyouastudent?”10.“HaveyouanythinginterestingIcanread,George?”shesaid.答案：I.15BCCDD610ACDCAII.1.Hisfathertoldhimthatheshouldbemorecarefulthenexttime.2.Mr.WangtoldthechildrenthathewouldleaveforShanghai

23、onbusinessthenextmonth.3.Marysaidthatshehadntheardfromherparentsthosedays.4.Thegeographyteachertoldusthatthemoonmovesaroundtheearthandtheearthgoesroundthesun.5.Shetoldhimthatitwastimethatheleftthere.6.ZhangHongtoldmethatDoctorWangpassedawayin1948.7.Johntoldhisparentsthathehadlearned500Chinesewordsby

24、theendoflastterm.8.ThehistoryteachertoldthemthattheChineseCommunistPartywasfoundedonJuly1st,1929.HeaskedwhetherIwasastudent.10.SheaskedGeorgeifhehadanythinginterestingshecouldread.一、將下列句子變?yōu)殚g接引語：1.“Shesheretoaskforhelp,isntshe?”heasked.2.“Whereareyougoing?”thefatheraskedhisson.3.“Areyousorryforwhatyouhavedone?” themotheras