專(zhuān)四語(yǔ)法5講--從句

1、1.從句,定語(yǔ)從句：關(guān)系詞的選擇、引導(dǎo)詞前介詞的選擇、非限制性定語(yǔ)從句、特別搭配； 狀語(yǔ)從句：讓步、條件、結(jié)果、方式、原因、目的、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)； 名詞性從句：主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句，以及同位語(yǔ)從句,定語(yǔ)從句考點(diǎn)一: that,a.先行詞為all, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代詞時(shí)， b.先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)及first, last, any, only, few, much, no, some, very 等詞修飾時(shí)， c. 有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上先行詞既指人又指物時(shí)， d. 在there be句型中 e.在

2、先行詞定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)成分,關(guān)系代詞只能用that,Practice,I was very interested in _ she told me. (2009) A. all that B. all which C. all what D. that There is really no reason _ we couldnt pass TEM 4. A. Why B. For C. that D. since A victim is a person, animal or thing _ suffers pain, death, harm, etc. who B. which C. al

3、l of them D. that This is the very pen _ you are looking for. A. Which B. what C. that D. of,A,C,D,C,定語(yǔ)從句考點(diǎn)二: as,a. 與such, the same, as (so)連用時(shí)，引導(dǎo)限定性定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞是as； Such students _ didnt attend my class would fail in the final exam. b. 引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，as后的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)可省略be動(dòng)詞；which則不能省略。 Football and baseball, _ p

4、layed in the United States today, are basically modifications of games that originated in England,定語(yǔ)從句考點(diǎn)三: 類(lèi)似定從的what,a. What作為關(guān)系代詞既可指人，也可指物，本身即為先行詞，在從句中可作主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)等； _has been done cannot be undone This was exactly _ my teacher told me to do. b. “what+名詞”相當(dāng)于“all the+名詞+that”; I have given you what help

5、I can. (all the help I can.) She managed to save _ she could out of her wages to help her brother. (2002) A. how little moneyB. so little money C. such little moneyD. what little money,D,定語(yǔ)從句考點(diǎn)四: 介詞+關(guān)系代詞,where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，相當(dāng)于介詞in/at + which; Have you ever been in a situation _ you know the other person is

6、 right yet you cannot agree with him? （2002） A. by which B. that C. in where D. where This company has now introduced a policy _ pay rises are related to performance at work. (1996) A. which B. where C. whether D. what,B/D,B,定語(yǔ)從句考點(diǎn)四: 介詞+關(guān)系代詞,b. 介詞+關(guān)系代詞，該介詞為先行名詞的習(xí)慣搭配介詞; The party, _I was the guest of

7、 honor, was extremely enjoyable. （2006） A. by which B. for which C. to which D. at which,D,c. 介詞+關(guān)系代詞，該介詞為從句里動(dòng)詞或者形容詞詞組里的習(xí)慣搭配介詞；（注意引導(dǎo)詞選用） This is the ring _ she spent $1,000. The author _ we all are quite familiar will visit our company next week,on which,with whom,定語(yǔ)從句考點(diǎn)四: 介詞+關(guān)系代詞,定語(yǔ)從句考點(diǎn)四: 介詞+關(guān)系代詞,d

8、. of + which表示 “的”,表示“某物的”，如果用whose, 則既可指“某人的”，也可指“某物的”。 Above the trees are the hills, _ magnificence the river faithfully reflects on the surface. (2003) A. where B. of whose C. whose D. which,C,定語(yǔ)從句考點(diǎn)五:關(guān)系詞語(yǔ)法功能,作主語(yǔ)：人who, 物which, 人或物that（限定） 作賓語(yǔ)：人whom, 物which,人或物that（限定） 作定語(yǔ)：人或物whose, 物 of which 作表

9、語(yǔ)：人或物that, 可省略,關(guān)系代詞,關(guān)系副詞,作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：when=at/in/on/during which,先行詞為表示時(shí)間的名詞； 作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)：where=in/at which,先行詞為表示時(shí)間的名詞； 作原因狀語(yǔ)：why=for which,先行詞為reason,Practice,Ive never been to Lhasa, but thats the city_. (1999) A.Id most like to visit B. where I like to visit C. which I like to visit mostly D. Id like much to

10、 visit He is quite worn out from years of hard work. He is not the man _ he was twenty years ago. （2003） A. which B. that C. who D. whom Firms that use computers have found that the number of staff _ is needed for quality control can be substantially reduced. (2000) A. whose B. as C. what D. that,A,

11、B,D,定語(yǔ)從句考點(diǎn)六:非限定性從句,非限定性從句的關(guān)系詞為which, who, whom, as, 介詞+which (不能用that) They overcame all the difficulties and completed the project two months ahead of time, _ is something we had not expected. （2003） A. which B. it C. that D. what Weve just installed two air-conditioners in out apartment, _should m

12、ake great differences in our life next summer. （2002） A. which B. what C. that D. they,A,A,定語(yǔ)從句考點(diǎn)七:but,But引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞可是人也可是物，表示“that/who/whichnot” There are very few _ admire his talents. Not a day went by _ brought us bad news at that difficult time. =Not a day went by which did not bring us bad

13、news at that difficult time,狀語(yǔ)從句考點(diǎn)1：讓步,a. 主要引導(dǎo)詞: Though/although雖然 (主句不能加but，但可加yet，still,或nevertheless） Even if/though 即使 No matter + 疑問(wèn)詞 無(wú)論（修飾形容詞，副詞緊跟） 疑問(wèn)詞 + ever 無(wú)論（修飾形容詞，副詞緊跟） In spite of the fact that 盡管 （that不可省略） Much as 不管，盡管 For all (that) 盡管（that可省略） While 盡管，雖然（隱含并列轉(zhuǎn)折） Granted/granting th

14、at 雖然，盡管,分析題干邏輯關(guān)系,Practice,_, Mr. Wells is scarcely in sympathy with the working class.（2005） Although he is a socialist Even if he is a socialist Being a socialist Since he is a socialist _ I like economics, I like sociology much better. (2003) As much as B. So much C. How much D. Much as,A,D,Pract

15、ice,_ I sympathize, I cant really do very much to help them out of the difficulties. (2001) As long as B. As C. While D. Even _ the boss says, it is unreasonable to ask me to work overtime without pay. (2009) Whatever B. Whenever C. Whichever D. However _ dull he may be, he is certainly a very succe

16、ssful top executive. （2006） A. Although B. whatever C. As D. However,C,A,D,狀語(yǔ)從句考點(diǎn)1：讓步,b. as / though引導(dǎo)的讓步從句如果有強(qiáng)調(diào)部分，將強(qiáng)調(diào)部分置于句首。 Child as/though he was, he could help his mother. 注意： a.句首名詞不能帶任何冠詞。 b.句首是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，其他助動(dòng)詞放在主語(yǔ)后。如果實(shí)義動(dòng)詞有賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)，隨實(shí)義動(dòng)詞一起放在主語(yǔ)之前,Practice,Fool _ jerry is, he could not have done such a t

17、hing. (2010) A. who B. as C. like D. that _ he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily. Try hard as Hard try as Try as hard As try hard,B,A,狀語(yǔ)從句考點(diǎn)2：條件,a. 主要引導(dǎo)詞: if 如果 unless 除非 as/so long as 只要 in case 萬(wàn)一 providing/provided (that) 假如 supposing/suppose/assuming (that) 假如 on condition

18、that 條件是 only if 只要，只有 given (that) 如果 in the event that 如果，在情況下 say 假如,Practice,He asked me to lend him some money, which I agreed to do, _ that he paid me back the following week. (2005) A. on occasion B. on purpose C. on condition D. only if This is an illness that can result in total blindness _

19、 left untreated. A. after B. if C. since D. unless,C,B,從句與主句主語(yǔ)同指才能省略,狀語(yǔ)從句考點(diǎn)2：條件,b. 若將條件從句的連詞if省略，應(yīng)用倒裝句型，即將從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞were, should, had 等提到句首。（強(qiáng)調(diào)虛擬語(yǔ)氣） _ both sides accept the agreement _ a lasting peace be established in this region. (2004) A. Only if, will B. If only, would C. Should, will D. Unless, w

20、ould,C,狀語(yǔ)從句考點(diǎn)3：結(jié)果,引導(dǎo)詞 So that 如此 以至于 Such that如此 以至于 With the result that 結(jié)果是 So much so that 如此 以至于 To the degree/extent that 以至于,到的地步 To such a degree that,狀語(yǔ)從句考點(diǎn)3：結(jié)果,b. 當(dāng)sothat結(jié)構(gòu)中的so置于句首表示強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，句子要用倒裝語(yǔ)序。 _ in the novel that he didnt realize it was 8 oclock already. So he was absorbed So was he abso

21、rbed So absorbed he was So was absorbed he,C,狀語(yǔ)從句考點(diǎn)3：結(jié)果,c. sothat 和 suchthat區(qū)別 In the area, AIDS is _ disease that the very mention of it strikes terror into the population. a so dreadful so dreadful a such dreadful a such dreadful,B,狀語(yǔ)從句考點(diǎn)4：時(shí)間,引導(dǎo)詞 當(dāng)時(shí)候：when, while, as, just as, next time, the last t

22、ime, each time, every time, whenever 時(shí)間先后：before, after 一就：as soon as, once, hardlywhen/before, scarcely when/before, no sooner than, directly, immediately, instantly, the moment/second/minute By the time 到時(shí)候；it is the first；notuntil直到才；till 直到時(shí)候，since自從，ever since 自從,Practice,The couple had no soon

23、er got to the station _ the coach left. (2009) when as until than,D,狀語(yǔ)從句考點(diǎn)4：時(shí)間,b. While 和 when區(qū)別:while“在的時(shí)候”，when時(shí)間段/點(diǎn) c. 以下引導(dǎo)詞主句需要用完成時(shí)態(tài)：by the time, it is the first time, hardly/scarcelywhen/before, no sooner than, since, ever since. By the time I got home, they _ (leave) for the airport. d. 否定詞置于句

24、首時(shí)注意倒裝。 No sooner _ than it began to rain. I had reached had I reached did I reach I reached,had left,B,狀語(yǔ)從句考點(diǎn)5：原因,引導(dǎo)詞 because（前可有副詞修飾，例如chiefly,和simply） since, as，for in that在于, now that既然, seeing (that), considering (that)鑒于 in as/so much as 因?yàn)?Not because, but because不是因?yàn)椋且驗(yàn)?b. because, since,

25、as, for 區(qū)別：它們的語(yǔ)氣依次漸弱。當(dāng)because 從句放在句末且前面有逗號(hào)時(shí)，可用for，但如果不是直接說(shuō)明原因而是根據(jù)情況加以判斷或推斷時(shí)，只能用for，而不能用because. 1) It must have rained yesterday, _ the ground is wet. 2) He didnt go to school yesterday, _ he was ill. 1) for 2) for/because,Practice,1.Barry had an advantage over of being born in USA _he could speak E

26、nglish. （2001）A. since that B. in that C. at that D. so that 2. Men differ from animals _ they can think and speak. A. for which B. for that （2008） C. in that D. in which,狀語(yǔ)從句考點(diǎn)6：其它,方式引導(dǎo)詞 As 像，正如；(just) as so正如，也；As if 好像 As though 好像；The way 以的方式 目的引導(dǎo)詞 so that, in order that, lest, for fear that （s

27、hould, would 情態(tài)） 地點(diǎn)引導(dǎo)詞 Where, wherever, anywhere, everywhere,Practice,She did her work _her manager had instructed. （2002） A. as B. until C. when D. though _ he showed us around, we saw green lawns and beautiful flower beds. When B. everywhere C. where D. what Read in a good light _ it (should) hurt

28、 your eyes. A. So that B. now that C. lest D. least,A,B,C,名詞性從句考點(diǎn)1：從句連接詞選擇,連接詞：that, whether, if （只起連接作用，不作句子成分） 關(guān)系代詞：who, whom, whose, what , which, whatever, whichever, whoever（既起連接作用，又擔(dān)任主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)等成分） 關(guān)系副詞：when, where, how, who (既起連接作用，又作狀語(yǔ),Practice,The government has promised to do _ lies in it

29、s power to ease the hardships of the victims in the flood-striken area. (2004) however B. whichever C. whatever D. wherever There is no doubt _ the company has made the right decision on the sales project. why B. that C. whether D. when After _ seemed an endless wait, it was her turn to enter the personnel managers office. that B. there C. what D. it The team can handle whatever _. that needs handling B. which needs handling It needs handling D. needs to be handled,C,B,C,D,名詞性從句考點(diǎn)2：be+情感形容詞+從句,這類(lèi)帶如afraid, sorry, sure, glad, disappointed, delighted, glad等表示感情詞的句子若為肯定句，一般由that引導(dǎo)。 I am sur