2021年高三英語語法講解及練習(xí)題：名詞性從句

1、重難點(diǎn)分析名詞性從句是歷年高考的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)，也是熱點(diǎn)。名詞性從句相當(dāng)于名詞，可作主句的主語、賓語、表語和同位語。因此，名詞性從句可分為主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句和同位語從句（見下表）。主語從句作主語，用that, whether, if, what(=the thing that)等連接詞引導(dǎo)。賓語從句作賓語，用that（可省略）, whether（or not）, if, what(=the thing which)等連接詞引導(dǎo)。表語從句用that（一般不省略）, whether, what(=the thing which)等連接詞引導(dǎo)。同位語從句用that（常用在news, thoug

2、ht, idea, plan, suggestion, fact等詞后），whether等連接詞引導(dǎo)。一、主語從句主語從句是在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語的從句，通常放在主語謂語動(dòng)詞之前或由形式主語it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。如：Who will go is not important. 誰將去不是重要的。1. it作形式主語和it引導(dǎo)強(qiáng)調(diào)句的比較it作形式主語代替主語從句，主要是為了平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu)，主語從句的連接詞沒有變化。而it引導(dǎo)的強(qiáng)調(diào)句則是對(duì)句子每一部分進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)，無論強(qiáng)調(diào)的是什么成分，都可用連詞that。被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分指人時(shí)也可用who/whom。如：It is a pity that you did

3、nt go to see the film. (主語從句) 你沒去看電影真是遺憾。It is in the morning that the murder took place. （強(qiáng)調(diào)句）謀殺案發(fā)生的時(shí)間是在早晨。2. 用it作形式主語的結(jié)構(gòu)句型例句1It is+名詞+主語從句It is a fact that事實(shí)是/ It is an honor that非常榮幸/ It is common knowledge that 是常識(shí)2It is+形容詞+主語從句It is natural that很自然/ It is strange that 奇怪的是 （此句型后面常接虛擬語氣should+動(dòng)

4、詞原形）3It+不及物動(dòng)詞+主語從句It seems that似乎/ It happened that碰巧/ It appears that似乎4It is/has been+過去分詞+主語從句It is reported that據(jù)報(bào)道/ It has been proved that據(jù)證實(shí)/ It is said that據(jù)說/ It is believed that 據(jù)認(rèn)為/一般人都認(rèn)為2. 主語從句不可位于句首的五種情況說明例句1if引導(dǎo)的主語從句不可位于復(fù)合句句首Whether he will come or not in unknown. (正)If he will come or

5、 not is unknown. (誤)2It is said/reported結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提前It is said that Jiang will visit our school next week. (正)Jiang will visit our school next week is said. (誤)3It happens/occurs結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提前It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. (正)That he failed in the examination occurred to him. (誤

6、)4It doesnt matter how/whether結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提前It doesnt matter whether he is wrong or not. (正)Whether he is wrong or not doesnt matter. (誤)5含主語從句的復(fù)合句是疑問句時(shí)，主語從句不可提前Isnt likely that it will rain in the evening? (正)Is that it will rain in the evening likely? (誤)二、賓語從句賓語從句是在復(fù)合句中作賓語的名詞性從句，通常放在主句謂語動(dòng)詞（及物動(dòng)詞）或介詞

7、之后。說明例句1作動(dòng)詞的賓語由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句（that通?？梢允÷裕㊣ heard (that) he joined the army. 我聽說他參軍了。由what, whether/if, when,where等引導(dǎo)的賓語從句She did not know what had happened. 她不知道發(fā)生了什么。動(dòng)詞+間接賓語+賓語從句She told me that she would accept my invitation. 她告訴我她將接受我的邀請(qǐng)。2作介詞的賓語Our success depends on/upon how well we can cooperate w

8、ith one another. 我們的成功取決于我們互相合作得有多好。3作形容詞的賓語I am afraid (that) I have made a mistake. 恐怕我犯了個(gè)錯(cuò)。4It可以作為形式賓語We heard it that she would get married next month. 我們聽說她下個(gè)月打算結(jié)婚。5否定前移（若主句謂語動(dòng)詞為think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等，其后的賓語從句若含有否定意義，一般要把否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句謂語上，從句謂語用肯定式）。I dont thi

9、nk this dress fits you well. 我認(rèn)為這件衣服不適合你穿。注意：that引導(dǎo)的從句常跟在某些形容詞后作賓語，如：anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, gald, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, satisfied, content等。也可將此類詞后的從句看作是原因狀語從句。三、表語從句表語從句是在復(fù)合句中作表語的名詞性從句，放在系動(dòng)詞之后，一般結(jié)構(gòu)是“主

10、語+連系動(dòng)詞+表語從句”?？梢越颖碚Z從句的連系動(dòng)詞有be, look, remain, seem等。引導(dǎo)表語從句的引導(dǎo)詞that一般不省略。另外，常用的含有表語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)還有“The reason is that”，“It is because”，“Thats why”等。如：The reason he is late for school is that he missed the early bus. 他上學(xué)遲到的原因是他錯(cuò)過了早班車。四、同位語從句同位語從句是在復(fù)合句中作名詞的同位語的名詞性從句。說明例句1同位語的功能(一般由that引導(dǎo))對(duì)于名詞進(jìn)一步解釋The kings decis

11、ion that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people. 國王做出釋放那個(gè)罪犯的決定讓所有人都很吃驚。說明名詞的具體內(nèi)容The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general. 所有的士兵都應(yīng)該保持不動(dòng)，這個(gè)命令是將軍下的。2同位語從句在句子中的位置有時(shí)可以不緊跟在它所說明的名詞后面，被別的詞隔開He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off. 他從瑪麗那

12、里得到消息運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)被推遲了。五、whether, if引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的區(qū)別說明例句1句首引導(dǎo)主語從句只能用whetherWhether we will go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. 我們明天是否去野營取決于天氣。2if不能引導(dǎo)表語從句What the doctor really doubt is whether my mother will recover from the serious disease soon. 醫(yī)生真正懷疑的是我的母親是否會(huì)很快從重病中恢復(fù)。3if不能引導(dǎo)介詞后的賓語從句Everything depends on

13、whether we can make a plan that they will agree to. 一切取決于我們能否做出一個(gè)他們會(huì)同意的計(jì)劃。4賓語從句是否定句只能用ifI asked Peter if he hadnt decided what he would say at the meeting. 我問皮特他是不是還沒決定會(huì)議上他講的內(nèi)容。5discuss后的賓語從句只能用whether引導(dǎo)We discussed whether the medicine will cause side effects. 我們討論了這個(gè)藥是否會(huì)引起副作用。注意：doubt作“懷疑”解，后接賓語從句

14、時(shí)，如主句是肯定的，賓語從句用whether或if引導(dǎo)，如主句是否定，賓語從句只能用that引導(dǎo)。如：I doubt whether/if he is fit for the job. 我懷疑他是否勝任這份工作。I dont doubt that he can do it very well. 他能把它做好，我不懷疑?？键c(diǎn)練透一、單句填空 用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞填空，補(bǔ)全下列句子。1. I cant decide dictionary I would buy.2. Thats he refused my invitation.3. I am very interested in he has impro

15、ved his pronunciation in such a short time.4. we need is more time.5. The fact she had not said anything at the meeting surprised everybody.6. and they will meet has not been decided yet.7. Please tell me you are waiting for.8. Is that you are looking for?9. Would you please tell me the nearest post

16、 office is?10. I dont know he will agree to the plan or not.11. is done cannt be undone.12. Take care you dont make mistakes in the coming exam.13. To his surprise, the umbrella was not he had put.14. we cant get seems better than we have.15. he is willing to come is not important.16. they are most

17、interested in is they can produce more and better cars.17. It doesnt matter I rest or not.18. I have will be yours sooner or later.19. I think it is you are eating too much.20. Can you make sure Alice has put the gold necklace?21. Do you remember he came?Yes, I do. He came by train.22. Mother asked

18、me was wrong with me.23. they have won the game made us excited.24. he says in his report is a very interesting question.25. That is he failed to arrive on time.二、語篇填空 根據(jù)短文意思用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空。I dont know 1 you have noticed 2 some students dont want to walk to school. It can be seen every day 3 their parents d

19、rive them to school. But nowadays, it should be brought to our notice 4 the air is seriously polluted. 5 can we do about it? Here I have a suggestion 6 we should ride on our bike to school! 7 we can do it will not only have significant benefits for our health, 8 also help improve our environment. 9

20、we will have a better environment depends on 10 we can do for ourselves and for nature. 三、語法填空 閱讀下面短文, 在空白處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Keeping complaining can be a hurt in interpersonal relationships. So, 1 (improve) relationship with others, you need to be aware of several sensible ways to complain. To be

21、gin with, you need to be specific. Dont say, “Boy, did you act like 2 fool at the party?” Instead, say, “You embarrassed me by getting drunk and telling 3 (offend) jokes to my parents.” Secondly, stick to the present. Dont mention old offences 4 are from last month or last year. 5 doing this, you ta

22、ke away attention from the problem at hand. Moreover, 6 you complain, never add insults. If you start calling the other person names, that only 7 (create) anger and hurt any chance of getting the person to really listen to 8 . A last point to remember is to complain privately. Never criticize the ot

23、her person in front of friends, parents, children, or anyone else for that matter. Criticizing in front of a third party has the same effect as insults. This shames the person 9 (criticize) and makes 10 very likely that the person will want to attack you orally rather than listen to you.助讀詞匯sensible

24、 adj. 明智的 specific adj. 具體的offence n. 冒犯 insult n. 侮辱privately adv. 私下地 shame vt. 使丟臉orally adv. 口頭上 interpersonal relationship 人際關(guān)系參考答案考點(diǎn)練透一、單句填空1. which 2. why 3. how 4. What 5. that 6. When; where 7. whom(m) 8. what 9. where 10. whether 11. What 12. that 13. where 14. What; what 15. Whether 16. What