考研英語二_圖表作文寫作方法和模板__非常全_有作用[基礎(chǔ)教育]

1、考研英語二_圖表作文寫作方法和模板 圖表作文（一）第一節(jié) 圖表作文的類型圖表作文可分為兩大類：表作文和圖作文。表作文表格(Table)可以使大量數(shù)據(jù)系統(tǒng)化，便于閱讀、比較。表格常由標(biāo)題(Title)、表頭(Boxhead)(表格的第一行)、側(cè)目(Stub)(表格左邊的第一列)和主體(Body)部分(表格的其余部分)等部分組成。如下表：用表格表達(dá)的信息具體準(zhǔn)確，而且表格中的各項(xiàng)均按一定規(guī)律排列。閱讀表格時要注意找出表格中各個項(xiàng)目的相互關(guān)系，表格中各個項(xiàng)目的變化規(guī)律。例如，上面的表格中的數(shù)字說明，和1978年相比，1983年大學(xué)入學(xué)的人數(shù)在增加，而小學(xué)的入學(xué)人數(shù)在減少。搞清楚這些變化規(guī)律也就讀懂了

2、表格的內(nèi)容。圖作文圖作文又可分為三種：圓形圖作文、曲線圖作文和條狀圖作文。(1) 圓形圖作文圓形圖(Pie chart)也稱為餅狀圖或圓面分割圖。圓形圖因?yàn)楸容^形象和直觀，各部分空間大小差別容易分辨，所以常用來表示總量和各分量之間的百分比關(guān)系。整個圓表示總量，楔形塊表示分量。有時圓形圖還有數(shù)值表，兩者結(jié)合可把各分量表示得更準(zhǔn)確、清楚。例如：This is a pie chart of the average weekly expenditure of a family in Great Britain. As can be see from the chart, the main expend

3、iture of an average British family is spent on food, which accounts for 25% of its total expenditure. The next two significant expending items are transport and housing, which are 15% and 12% respectively. If we take into account clothing and footwear, which makes up 10%, the four essentials of life

4、, that is, food, transport, housing, and clothing and footwear, amount to 62% of the total expenditure.(2) 曲線圖作文曲線圖(Line graph)也稱為線性圖或坐標(biāo)圖。曲線圖最適合表示兩個變量之間關(guān)系的發(fā)展過程和趨勢。一般來說，曲線所呈現(xiàn)的形狀比某一點(diǎn)所代表的變量的值更有意義。曲線圖有橫軸和縱軸。一般先看橫軸所代表的數(shù)量或時間等，然后再看縱軸所顯示的意義。同時必須找出線條所反映的最高或最低的變化。例如：這個曲線圖的橫軸代表1990年的不同的月份，縱軸代表交通事故的數(shù)量。從交通事故曲線圖上

5、可知，前八個月的交通事故的數(shù)量有升有降。曲線圖在八月份升到了最高點(diǎn)(39)，此后一直呈下降的趨勢，十二月份降到了最低點(diǎn)(16)?？梢姡?990年的交通事故的數(shù)量總體上呈下降的趨勢。(3) 條形圖作文條形圖(Bar graph)也稱為立柱圖或圓柱圖。條形圖由寬度相同但長度不同的條塊代表不同的量。當(dāng)要比較幾個項(xiàng)目或量時，常用不同顏色來區(qū)分。條形圖主要用來表示：1)同一項(xiàng)目在不同時間的量;2)同一時間不同項(xiàng)目的量。閱讀條形圖時，要先看圖例，再看橫軸、縱橫各代表什么量，每一個刻度所代表的值是多少，最后找出圖中各長條所表示的數(shù)據(jù)及各長條間的相互關(guān)系。例如：左邊的條形圖的橫軸代表時間，縱軸代表期望壽命(L

6、ife Expectancy)，這一條形圖想要體現(xiàn)的是同一項(xiàng)目(期望壽命)在不同時間的量。右邊的條形圖的橫軸也是代表時間，縱軸是代表嬰兒的死亡率(Infant Mortality)，這一條形圖想要體現(xiàn)的也是同一項(xiàng)目(嬰兒的死亡率)在不同時間的量。左邊的條形圖表明1990年的人均期望壽命比1960年的人均期望壽命長20歲，而1990年的嬰兒死亡率比1960年的嬰兒死亡率下降了50%。第二節(jié) 圖表作文的出題形式例1 題目：Changes in Peoples Diet Study the following table carefully and your composition must be

7、based on the information given in the table. Write three paragraphs to :1. state the changes in peoples diet (飲食) in the past five years;2. give possible reasons for the changes;3. draw your own conclusions.You should quote as few figures as possible.例2 題目：Car Accidents Declining in Walton CityRemem

8、ber that your composition must be written according to the following outline;1. Rise and fall of the rate of car accidents as indicated by the graph;2. Possible reason(s) for the decline of car accidents in the city;3. Your predictions of what will happen this year.Your composition should be no less

9、 than 120 words and you should quote as few figures as possible.例3 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Health Gain in Developing Countries. Your composition must be no less than 120 words and you should base your composition on the following instructions (gi

10、ven in Chinese):1. 以下圖為依據(jù)描述發(fā)展中國家的期望壽命(life expectancy)和嬰兒死亡率(infant mortality)的變化情況2. 說明引起變化的各種原因從以上例子可見，圖表作文一般在題目中給出作文的標(biāo)題和一個或幾個統(tǒng)計(jì)表格、圓形圖、曲線圖或條形圖，有時還用英文或中文提綱的形式給出提示，要求我們：1)用文字描述圖表，客觀解釋圖表中所傳遞的信息，并找出某種規(guī)律或趨勢;2)就圖表中所反映的某種趨勢或問題分析其原因或后果。第三節(jié) 圖表作文的寫作要領(lǐng)圖表作文著重說明事實(shí)，常常是通過對圖表中所反映的具體數(shù)據(jù)的說明、分析、比較，對某種事物或現(xiàn)象的事實(shí)或變化情況等加以

11、說明，并提出結(jié)論或看法。因此，圖表作文常常采用議論文體的寫作方法。寫好圖表作文，關(guān)鍵在于能否讀懂圖表中所提供的信息，把握各信息間的聯(lián)系，用準(zhǔn)確流暢的語言把這一信息表達(dá)出來，并就這一信息發(fā)表自己的看法。圖表作文的寫作步驟寫圖表作文時，要注意遵循以下步驟：1)認(rèn)真分析圖表的含義，弄清圖表中所含的信息及不同信息間的關(guān)系;2)確定文章的主題思想，構(gòu)思出文章的基本框架，篩選出能說明圖表主題思想的典型數(shù)據(jù);3)編列文章的提綱;4)根據(jù)文章的提綱，將各段的提綱內(nèi)容擴(kuò)展成段落，然后將各個段落組成文章，注意段與段之間的銜接與過渡;5)檢查與修改。圖表作文的篇章結(jié)構(gòu)寫圖表作文時，常采用三段式的謀篇方式。文章的第一

12、段往往分析圖表中的數(shù)據(jù)變化反映什么問題或趨勢，概述圖表所揭示的信息。第二段分析造成這一問題或趨勢的原因。第三段則展望未來的情況或提出解決問題的辦法或建議。這一結(jié)構(gòu)可以簡單地表述為：第一段：概述圖表反映的主題思想第二段：分析產(chǎn)生的原因第三段：展望未來或提出方法或建議圖表作文常用的句型(1)常用的開篇句型(即概述圖表內(nèi)容時常用的表達(dá)法) According to the table/pie chart/line graph/bar graph, we can see/conclude that 根據(jù)該表/圖，我們可知 The table/graph reveals (shows/indicates

13、/illustrates/ represents/points out) that 該表/圖表明 As we can see from the table As can be seen from the line/bar graph As is shown (illustrated/indicated) in the pie chart 如表/圖所示，(2) 描述增減變化常用的句型 Compared with is still increased by The number of grew/rose from to An increase is shown in ; then came a s

14、harp increase of In the number remains the same/drops to There was a very slight (small/slow/gradual) rise/increase in 1990.There was a very steady (marked/sharp/rapid/sudden/ dramatic) drop (decrease/ decline/ fall/ reduction) in 1998/ compared with that of last year). 下面是根據(jù)例2的題目要求寫的范文。From the gra

15、ph, we can see that the number of car accidents in Walton city fluctuated during the year of 1990. The first two months of 1990 showed an increasing trend. The rate rose to 32 in March but fell to 26 in June. From June on, the rate was rising again and reached the peak point 39 in August. After Augu

16、st the rate began to decline remarkably, and eventually dropped to the lowest point 16 at the end of the year. Therefore, its obvious that car accident in Walton city declined in 1990.主題句/概述表格反映的內(nèi)容(5)反映交通事故的變化情況(6)小結(jié)：總結(jié)表格數(shù)據(jù)反映的總趨勢There are several reasons for the decline. First, a new traffic law was

17、 made and came into force. It provided that in summer every car must be air-conditioned. As a result, the highest rate in August, when humidity and high temperature make drivers impatient and easily lead to car accidents, dropped steadily. Second, new roads were built and some narrow streets were wi

18、dened, which quickened the flow of traffic. Finally, the city administration made great efforts to heighten peoples awareness of observing traffic rules.主題句原因/措施一解釋措施一/次要輔助采取措施一后的結(jié)果原因/措施二原因/措施三With all these new measures, Im sure the rate of car accidents in Walton city will go on falling this year.

19、總結(jié)：展望未來的情況第四節(jié)、 圖表作文練習(xí)及其參考范文下面是寫作練習(xí)，在寫作的過程中注意審題，考慮文章的結(jié)構(gòu)、采用的擴(kuò)展方法、開頭的結(jié)尾的方法以及文章中的過渡等。練習(xí)1：Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition of no less than 120 words on Changes in Peoples Diet. Study the following table carefully and your composition must be based on the in

20、formation given in the table. Write three paragraphs to:1. state the changes in peoples diet (飲食) in the past five years;2. give possible reasons for the changes;3. draw your own conclusions.You should quote as few figures as possible.As is shown in the table, there have been great changes in people

21、s diet between 1986 and 1990. From the table, we can find that grain, formerly the main food of most Chinese people, is now playing a less important role in peoples diet. And the same goes for fruit and vegetables. On the other hand, the consumption of high-nutrition food such milk and meat has incr

22、eased rapidly.What has caused these changes? There are mainly three reasons (主題句). (6) First, people are much wealthier than before. (7) With higher income, they can afford to buy nutritious foods. (8) Second, people have realized the importance of a balanced diet to their health. (9) Lack of certai

23、n amount of meat or milk, for example, will result in poor health. (10) Finally, owing to the economic reform, meat and milk, which were scarce in the past, are produced in large quantities.(11) Although milk and meat are important to ones health, eating too much rich food may result in obesity and

24、may other diseases. (12)Therefore, people should not only eat a lot of milk and meat, but also enough grain, fruit and vegetable for the sake of their health.圖表作文（二）一、圖表作文寫作常識1、圖形種類及概述法：泛指一份數(shù)據(jù)圖表：a data graph/chart/diagram/illustration/table餅圖：pie chart直方圖或柱形圖：bar chart / histogram趨勢曲線圖：line chart /

25、curve diagram表格圖：table流程圖或過程圖：flow chart / sequence diagram程序圖：processing/procedures diagram2、常用的描述用法The table/chart diagram/graph shows （that）According to the table/chart diagram/graphAs （is） shown in the table/chart diagram/graphAs can be seen from the table/chart/diagram/graph/figures，figures/sta

26、tistics shows （that）It can be seen from the figures/statisticsWe can see from the figures/statisticsIt is clear from the figures/statisticsIt is apparent from the figures/statisticstable/chart/diagram/graph figures （that） table/chart/diagram/graph shows/describes/illustrates how3、圖表中的數(shù)據(jù)（Data）具體表達(dá)法數(shù)據(jù)

27、（Data）在某一個時間段固定不變：fixed in time在一系列的時間段中轉(zhuǎn)變：changes over time持續(xù)變化的data在不同情況下：增加：increase / raise / rise / go up 減少：decrease / grow down / drop / fall 波動：fluctuate / rebound / undulate / wave 穩(wěn)定：remain stable / stabilize / level off 最常用的兩種表達(dá)法：動詞+副詞形式（Verb+Adverb form）形容詞+名詞形式（Adjective+Noun form）二、相關(guān)常

28、用詞組1、主章開頭圖表類型：table、chart、diagramgraph、column chart、pie graph描述：show、describe、illustrate、can be seen from、clear、apparent、reveal、represent內(nèi)容：figure、statistic、number、percentage、proportion2、表示數(shù)據(jù)變化的單詞或者詞組rapid/rapidly迅速的，飛快的，險(xiǎn)峻的dramatic/dramatically戲劇性的，生動的significant/significantly有意義的，重大的，重要的sharp/shar

29、ply銳利的，明顯的，急劇的steep/steeply急劇升降的steady/steadily穩(wěn)固的，堅(jiān)定不移的gradual/gradually漸進(jìn)的，逐漸的slow/slowly緩慢的，不活躍的slight/slightly輕微的、略微地stable/stably穩(wěn)定的3、其它在描述中的常用到的詞significant changes圖中一些較大變化noticeable trend明顯趨勢during the same period在同一時期grow/grew增長distribute分布，區(qū)別unequally不相等地in the case of adv.在的情況下in terms of

30、/ in respect of / regarding在方面in contrast相反，大不相同government policy政府政策market forces市場規(guī)率measure n.尺寸，方法，措施v.估量，調(diào)節(jié)forecast n.先見，預(yù)見v.預(yù)測三、英語圖表寫作套句精選1.the table shows the changes in the number ofover the period fromto該表格描述了在年之年間數(shù)量的變化。 2.the bar chart illustrates that該柱狀圖展示了3.the graph provides some intere

31、sting data regarding該圖為我們提供了有關(guān)有趣數(shù)據(jù)。4.the diagram shows （that）該圖向我們展示了5.the pie graph depicts （that）該圓形圖揭示了6.this is a cure graph which describes the trend of這個曲線圖描述了的趨勢。7.the figures/statistics show （that）數(shù)據(jù)（字）表明8.the tree diagram reveals how該樹型圖向我們揭示了如何9.the data/statistics show （that）該數(shù)據(jù)（字）可以這樣理解1

32、0.the data/statistics/figures lead us to the conclusion that這些數(shù)據(jù)資料令我們得出結(jié)論11.as is shown/demonstrated/exhibited in the diagram/graph/chart/table如圖所示12.according to the chart/figures根據(jù)這些表（數(shù)字）13.as is shown in the table如表格所示14.as can be seen from the diagram，great changes have taken place in從圖中可以看出，發(fā)生了

33、巨大變化。15.from the table/chart/diagram/figure，we can see clearly thator it is clear/apparent from the chart that從圖表我們可以很清楚（明顯）看到16.this is a graph which illustrates這個圖表向我們展示了17.this table shows the changing proportion of a & b fromto該表格描述了年到年間a與b的比例關(guān)系。18.the graph，presented in a pie chart， shows the g

34、eneral trend in該圖以圓形圖形式描述了總的趨勢。19.this is a column chart showing這是個柱型圖，描述了20.as can be seen from the graph，the two curves show the fluctuation of如圖所示，兩條曲線描述了的波動情況。21.over the period fromtotheremained level.在至期間，基本不變。22.in the year betweenand在年到期間23.in the 3 years spanning from 1995 through 19981995年

35、至1998三年里24.from then on/from this time onwards從那時起25.the number ofremained steady/stable from （month/year） to （month/year）。月（年）至月（年）的數(shù)量基本不變。26.the number sharply went up to數(shù)字急劇上升至27.the percentage ofstayed the same betweenand至期間的比率維持不變。28.the figures peaked atin（month/year）的數(shù)目在月（年）達(dá)到頂點(diǎn)，為29.the perce

36、ntage remained steady at比率維持在30.the percentage ofis slightly larger/smaller than that of比例比的比例略高（低）。31.there is not a great deal of difference betweenand與的區(qū)別不大。32.the graphs show a threefold increase in the number of該圖表表明的數(shù)目增長了三倍。33decreased year by year whileincreased steadily.逐年減少，而逐步上升。34.the sit

37、uation reached a peak（a high point at） of%.的情況（局勢）到達(dá)頂（高）點(diǎn)，為百分點(diǎn)。35.the figures/situation bottomed out in數(shù)字（情況）在達(dá)到底部。36.the figures reached the bottom/a low point/hit a trough.數(shù)字（情況）達(dá)到底部（低谷）。37.a is times as much/many as b.a是b的倍。38.a increased bya增長了39.a increased toa增長到40.high/low/great/small/ percen

38、tage.比低高（低）41.there is an upward trend in the number of數(shù)字呈上升趨勢。42.a considerable increase/decrease occurred fromto到發(fā)生急劇上升。43.fromtothe rate of decrease slow down.從到，下降速率減慢。44.from this year on，there was a gradual declinel reduction in the，reaching a figure of從這年起，逐漸下降至45.be similar to與相似46.be the sa

39、me as與相同47.there are a lot similarities/differences betweenand與之間有許多相似（不同）之處48.a has something in common with ba于b有共同之處。49.the difference between a and b lies ina與b之間的差別在于50（year）witnessed/saw a sharp rise in年急劇上升開頭段轉(zhuǎn)述題目常用句型 The line graph describes/ illustrates/ demonstrates/ summarizes/ outlines/

40、shows 后面跟名詞或者從句 開頭段或者主體段引出數(shù)據(jù)或者趨勢常用句型 According to/ As shown in/ As can be seen from 后面跟圖表的類型 It can be seen from 后面跟圖表的類型 that It is manifest from后面跟圖表的類型 that 表示上升的動詞 Go up(went up) /rise(rose)/ grow(grew)/ increase(increased)/ ascend(ascended) , 其中rise和increase 也經(jīng)常作名詞, grow-growth 表示急劇上升的動詞 Jump(j

41、umped)/ surge(surged)/shoot up (shot up)/ soar(soared) 其中surge也可以做名詞 表示下降的動詞Decline/ fall/ drop/ sink/ dip/ decrease/ descend, 其中decline/ fall/ drop/ decrease也經(jīng)常做名詞 表示急劇下降的動詞 Plummet/ plunge 表示速度快的形容詞 Sharp/ dramatic/ drastic/ rapid/precipitous/steep 副詞加 -ly 表示幅度大的形容詞 Marked/ substantial / significa

42、nt, 副詞加 -ly 表示緩慢,逐漸的形容詞 Gradual/ steady/ gentle / slow, 副詞加 -ly 表示小幅度的形容詞 Modest/ moderate/ slight, 副詞加 -ly 表示波動的動詞 Fluctuate, 不及物動詞,名詞fluctuation 表示穩(wěn)定在一個水平上的動詞 Level off at/ level out at/ hover at/ stabilize at/ reached a plateau at 表示達(dá)到最高的動詞 Peak at/ reach the highest point at , peak 也可以做名詞 表示達(dá)到最低

43、的動詞 Reach the bottom at/ the lowest point at/ bottom out at, bottom 也可以做名詞 表示經(jīng)歷了某種變化的及物動詞 Experience/ witness/ see 表示達(dá)到了多少數(shù)量的及物動詞或詞組 Reach/arrive at/ amount to / hit/ register/ stand at 表示占(后面跟百分?jǐn)?shù)或數(shù)字)的及物動詞或詞組 Account for/ represent / constitute / make up 表示數(shù)據(jù)由某幾個部分組成的既無動詞或者詞組 A is composed of/compri

44、se/ is made up of/ consists of B,C and D. 注意和include 區(qū)別 表示對未來數(shù)字的預(yù)測的及物動詞 Project/ predict / forecast 表示分別的副詞 Respectivelyin the 2004 Olympics, China and Russia won X and Y gold medals respectively. 表示大約的副詞或者詞組 About, around, approximately, roughly, just over, just under圖表作文（三）作文1 DIRECTIONS: A. Study

45、 the following graphs carefully and write an essay in at least 150 words. B. Your essay must be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET II. C. Your essay should cover these three points: 1. effect of the countrys growing human population on its wildlife 2. possible reason for the effect3. your suggestio

46、n for wildlife protection【段落類型分析】第一段 第二段 第三段圖畫/圖表描述段 原因闡釋段 建議措施段【參考范文一】From these graphs, we can draw a conclusion that, with the growth of human population, the number of species has decreased rapidly in America, and some species have even vanished from our planet.There are numerous reasons account

47、ing for the phenomenon and I would like to explore a few of the most important ones here. Above all, as the human population grows rapidly, a growing number of people came to live where some wild species have been living. Then these species have to move to other places. Some of them probably can not

48、 adapt to the new environment and die. In addition, although many people look on the wildlife as their friends, some people may not think so. They catch a lot of wild animals and sell them in order to get more money. Consequently, the natural balance and the ecologic environment are destroyed. The c

49、lear cutting has become increasingly serious. So some of the wildlife become homeless and extinct.In order to protect the wildlife, I have some suggestions. First, the governments should make laws to prevent them from being caught and killed. Second, the governments should educate people to love nat

50、ure and protect it. Third, as for ourselves, we should take practical actions to protect our living environment. (210 words)【參考范文二】The two charts show that the increase in the U.S. population has been accompanied by a corresponding decline in the number of wildlife species. Far too many species have

51、 been lost already. This poses a danger to the ecological balance.As the human population expands, wild animals in mounting numbers are hunted for food, or because they are thought to present a threat to man. But studies show that one of the primary causes of the disappearance of wildlife is polluti

52、on, which is one of the consequences of population growth and economic development. This makes us wonder if men are able to share this planet in harmony with other life forms.In my opinion, it is imperative for us to take steps to reverse the disturbing trend illustrated in the charts. One measure w

53、ould be to forbid the building of cities in areas where wild life is threatened with extinction. But, more importantly, men must learn to stop polluting the environment, or he himself will be extinct. (167 words)【參考范文三】As is seen from the two graphs, it is clear that with the rapid growth of U.S. po

54、pulation from 1800 to 1990, the number of its wildlife species no longer existing soared during the same period. Naturally, we can draw the conclusion that the sharp decline of wildlife species resulted from the population growth.Several reasons may account for this phenomenon. To begin with, as the

55、 population grows, people consume much more natural resources. Second, with the increase of human activities, modern people take up more and more space which exerts a great influence on other species. Finally, the problem of pollution becomes more and more serious with the development of modern industry. More and more animals have to adapt themselves to the decaying environment or move to a totally different place, but not all of them are fortunate enough to survive th