初中助動(dòng)詞綜合分析(全,含練習(xí)和答案)

1、協(xié)助主要?jiǎng)釉~構(gòu)成謂語的詞叫助動(dòng)詞（auxiliary verb），也叫輔助動(dòng)詞。被協(xié)助的動(dòng)詞稱作主要?jiǎng)釉~（main verb）。助動(dòng)詞用來構(gòu)成時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。例如：he does not speak english well.（他英語講得不好。）句中的does是助動(dòng)詞，既表示一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，又與not一起構(gòu)成否定形式。a dog is running after a cat.（一條狗正在追逐一只貓。）句中的is是助動(dòng)詞，和run的現(xiàn)在分詞一起構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。did he have any milk and bread for his breakfast ?（他早餐喝牛奶、吃面包嗎？）句中的did是助動(dòng)

2、詞，既表示一般過去時(shí)，又和動(dòng)詞have 一起構(gòu)成疑問。助動(dòng)詞具有語法意義，但沒有詞匯意義，不可單獨(dú)作謂語。它沒有對(duì)應(yīng)的漢譯。例如：he doesnt like english.他不喜歡英語。（does是助動(dòng)詞，無詞義；like是主要?jiǎng)釉~，有詞義)最常用的助動(dòng)詞有：be，have，has，do，does，shall，did ，will，should ，would等。助動(dòng)詞可以協(xié)助主要?jiǎng)釉~構(gòu)成時(shí)態(tài)或者語態(tài)，也可構(gòu)成疑問句和否定句，構(gòu)成否定句時(shí)與否定副詞not 連用。2. 半助動(dòng)詞：在功能上介于主動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞之間的一類結(jié)構(gòu)，稱為半助動(dòng)詞。常見的半助動(dòng)詞有：be about to，be due to，

3、be going to，be likely to，be meant to，be obliged to，be supposed to，be willing to，have to ，seem to ，be unable to，be unwilling to等3. 情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞：情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞包括：will(would)， shall(should)，can(could)，may(might)，must，need ， dare，oughtto ，used to，had better情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞一般簡稱為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。后接動(dòng)詞原形。情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞不受主語的人稱和數(shù)的限制。兩個(gè)情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞不能連用。例：他將能夠及時(shí)完成此

4、事。he will can finish it in time.he will be able tofinish it in time.b. 表示命令。例如：youaretoexplainthis.對(duì)此你要做出解釋。heistocometotheofficethisafternoon.要他今天下午來辦公室。c. 征求意見。例如：howamitoanswerhim?我該怎樣答復(fù)他？who istogothere?誰該去那兒呢？d. 表示相約、商定。例如：we aretomeetattheschoolgateatseventomorrowmorning.我們明天早晨7 點(diǎn)在校門口集合。2.助動(dòng)詞

5、have 的用法1） have+過去分詞，構(gòu)成完成時(shí)態(tài)。例如：hehasleftforlondon.他已去了倫敦。bytheendoflastmonth,theyhadfinishedhalfoftheirwork.上月未為止，他們已經(jīng)完成工作的一半。2） have+been+現(xiàn)在分詞，構(gòu)成完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。例如：ihavebeenstudyingenglishfortenyears.我一直在學(xué)英語，已達(dá)十年之久。3） have+been+過去分詞，構(gòu)成完成式被動(dòng)語態(tài)。例如：englishhasbeentaughtinchinaformanyyears.中國教英語已經(jīng)多年。3. 助動(dòng)詞 do 的用法

6、1）構(gòu)成一般疑問句。例如：doyouwanttopassthecet?你想通過大學(xué)英語測試嗎？didyoustudygerman?你們學(xué)過德語嗎？2） do+not構(gòu)成否定句。例如：idonotwanttobecriticized.我不想挨批評(píng)。hedoesntliketostudy.他不想學(xué)習(xí)。inthepast,manystudentsdidnotknowtheimportanceofenglish.過去，好多學(xué)生不知道英語的重要性。3）構(gòu)成否定祈使句。例如：dontgothere.不要去那里。dontbesoabsent-minded.不要這么心不在焉。說明：構(gòu)成否定祈使句只用do，不用

7、 did 和 does 。4）放在動(dòng)詞原形前，加強(qiáng)該動(dòng)詞的語氣。例如：docometomybirthdayparty.一定來參加我的生日宴會(huì)。ididgothere.我確實(shí)去那兒了。idomissyou.我確實(shí)想你。5）用于倒裝句。例如：neverdidihearofsuchathing.我從未聽說過這樣的事情。onlywhenwebeginourcollegelifedowerealizetheimportanceofenglish.進(jìn)了大學(xué)以后，我們才認(rèn)識(shí)到英語的重要性。說明：引導(dǎo)此類倒裝句的副詞有never,seldom,rarely,little,only,so,well等。6）用作代

8、動(dòng)詞。例如：- do you likebeijing?- 你喜歡北京嗎？-yes,ido.- 是的，喜歡。（do 用作代動(dòng)詞，代替likebeijing.）heknowshowtodriveacar,doesnthe?他知道如何開車，對(duì)吧？4. 助動(dòng)詞 shall 和 will 的用法shall和 will作為助動(dòng)詞可以與動(dòng)詞原形一起構(gòu)成一般將來時(shí)。表示單純的將來時(shí)，shall用于第一人稱，第二人稱只用于問句；will多用于第二、第三人稱，口語中will也可用于第一人稱。ishallstudyharderatenglish.shall we be back in time?我們會(huì)即使回來嗎？h

9、ewillgotoshanghai.他要去上海。will you be free tomorrow afternoon?你明天下午有空嗎？5.助動(dòng)詞 should,would 的用法1） should 無詞義，只是 shall 的過去形式，與動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成過去將來時(shí)，只用于第一人稱，常用于間接引語，表示將，將會(huì)。例如：i telephoned him yesterday to ask what i should do next week. 我昨天給他打電話，問他我下周干什么。he said he should return, and he did return.他說過他會(huì)回來的，他果然回來了。s

10、he realized that she should have to do most of her farm work before sunshine.她明白她得在日出之前干完大部分農(nóng)活。2）would 也無詞義，是will的過去形式，與動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成過去將來時(shí)，常用于間接引語，表示將，將會(huì)。例如：hesaidhewouldcome.他說他要來。i felt confident that everything would be all right.我確信一切都會(huì)好的。1.由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can, may,will， shall等構(gòu)成的句子 :變一般疑問句時(shí)把can, may,will， shall提

11、到句子的前面, 句尾用問號(hào)即可 .變否定句時(shí)直接在can,may, 后面加 not 即可 .例如 :肯定句 : she can swim.一般疑問句 : can she swim?否定句 : she can not swim.畫線提問 :對(duì) she 提問 : who can swim?對(duì) swim 提問 : what can she do?could,might,would,should是 can,may,will,shall的過去式，若句子中有以上兩詞時(shí)，變疑問句及否定句方法與（ 1）相同2. 由行為動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成的句子 :需要加助詞do 或 does.變一般疑問句時(shí)把do/does 放在句子前面

12、 .變否定句時(shí)把dont/doesnt放在動(dòng)詞的前面。要注意觀察動(dòng)詞的形式并對(duì)號(hào)入座。一般疑問句和否定句的動(dòng)詞三單式都要變回原型。play-doplays-does例如 :肯定句 : they play football after school.一般疑問句 : do they play football after school?does he play football after school?否定句 : they dont (do not) play football after school.he doesnt play football after school.he plays

13、football after school.劃線提問 :對(duì) they/he 提問 : who plays football after school?對(duì) play football提問 : what do they do after school? what does he do after school?對(duì) after school提問 : when do they play football? when does he play football?3.由 have,has 構(gòu)成的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)句子：變一般疑問句時(shí)把have,has提到句子的前面，句尾用問號(hào)即可。變否定句時(shí)直接在have,has

14、后面加 not 即可。例如：肯定句： he has read todays newspaper.一般疑問句 : has he read todays newspaper.?否定句 : he has not read todays newspaper.畫線提問 :對(duì) he 提問 : who has read todays newspaper?對(duì) todays newspaper 提問 : what has he did?had 是 have 和 has 的過去式，在構(gòu)成的過去完成時(shí)句子中，變一般疑問句時(shí)把had 提到到句子的前面，句尾用問號(hào)即可。變否定句時(shí)直接在had 后面加not即可若 hav

15、e,has,had沒有出現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句子中，則當(dāng)實(shí)義動(dòng)詞對(duì)待，請(qǐng)參考實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的用法。1.由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can, may,will， shall等構(gòu)成的句子:變一般疑問句時(shí)把can, may,will， shall提到句子的前面, 句尾用問號(hào)即可.變否定句時(shí)直接在can,may, 后面加 not 即可 .例如 :肯定句 : she can swim.一般疑問句 : can she swim?否定句 : she can not swim.畫線提問 :對(duì) she 提問 : who can swim?對(duì) swim 提問 : what can she do? could,might,would,should

16、否定句方法與（1）相同。 2.由行為動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成的句子是:can,may,will,shall的過去式，若句子中有以上兩詞時(shí)，變疑問句及需要加助詞 do 或 does.變一般疑問句時(shí)把do/does 放在句子前面 .變否定句時(shí)把 dont/doesnt放在動(dòng)詞的前面。要注意觀察動(dòng)詞的形式并對(duì)號(hào)入座。一般疑問句和否定句的動(dòng)詞三單式都要變回原型。 play-doplays-does例如 :肯定句 : they play football after school.he plays football after school.一般疑問句 : do they play football after sch

17、ool? does he play football after school? 否定句 : they dont (do not) play football after school. he doesnt play football after school. 劃線提問 : 對(duì) they/he 提問 : who plays football after school? 對(duì) play football提問 : what do they do after school? what does he do after school? 對(duì) after school提問 : when do they p

18、lay football? when does he play football? 3.由 have,has 構(gòu)成的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)句子：變一般疑問句時(shí)把have,has提到句子的前面，句尾用問號(hào)即可。變否定句時(shí)直接在have,has后面加 not 即可。例如：肯定句： he has read todays newspaper.一般疑問句 : has he read todays newspaper.?否定句 : he has not read todays newspaper.畫線提問:對(duì) he 提問 : who has read todays newspaper?對(duì)todays newspaper提問 : what has he did? had 是 have 和 has 的過去式，在構(gòu)成的過去完成時(shí)句子中，句尾用問號(hào)即可。變否定句時(shí)直接在 had 后面加 not 即可。變一般疑問句時(shí)把had 提到到句子的前面，若 have,has,had沒有出現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句子中，