賓語從句詳細

1、特點1. 賓語從句可以作及物動詞、介詞及形容詞的賓語。2. 賓語從句的語序一律用陳述句語序。3. 連接詞that引導(dǎo)賓語從句在句中無詞義，不充當句子成分，多數(shù)情況下可以省略。4. whether 和 if 都可引導(dǎo)賓語從句，但 whether后可緊跟or not；whether從句可作介詞的賓語。5. 如果從句太長，可以用形式賓語it.6. 補充：賓語從句在句子中起賓語作用的從句叫做賓語從句.7. 分類：賓語從句分為三類:（1）動詞的賓語從句,介詞的賓語從句和形容詞的賓語從句.時態(tài)：1主句用一般現(xiàn)在時，從句可用任意時。 2主句用過去時，從句用過去某個時態(tài)。 3主句用過去時，從句是真理時，只用一

2、般現(xiàn)在時。（2）賓語從句的從屬連詞主要有that,if,whether.that引導(dǎo)表示陳述句的賓語從句,而if和whether引導(dǎo)表示“是否”的賓語從句.He told me that he would go to the college the next year他告訴我他下一年上大學(xué).I dont know if there will be a bus any more.我不知道是否還會有公交車.Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam.沒人知道他是否會通過考試.連接代詞連接代詞主要有who, whom ,whose ,what ,whoeve

3、r ,whomever ,whosever, whatever, whichever等.連接代詞一般指疑問,但what, whatever除了指疑問外,也可以指陳述.Do you know who has won this game?你知道誰贏了這一局游戲嗎?8. I dont know whom you should depend on.我不知道你該依靠誰.The book will show you what the best CEOs know.這本書會告訴你最好的執(zhí)行總裁該了解些什么.Have you determined whichever you should buy,a Moto

4、rola or Nokia cell phone?你決定好是買諾基亞還是摩托羅拉的電話了嗎?連接副詞連接副詞主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等.He didnt tell me when we should meet again.他沒有告訴我什么時候我們能再見面.Could you please tell me how you read the new panel?你能展示給我怎么用這個新的操作盤嗎?None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.沒有人知道這些的新的零件能在

5、哪里買到.（3）動詞的賓語從句大多數(shù)動詞都可以帶賓語從句We all expect that they will win , for members of their team are stronger.我們都預(yù)料他們會贏,因為他們的隊員更強壯.He told us that they would help us through the whole work.他告訴我們在整個工作中,他都會幫忙的.部分“動詞+副詞”結(jié)構(gòu)也可以帶賓語從句I have found out that all the tickets for the concert have been sold out.我發(fā)現(xiàn)這場音樂會

6、的所有票都賣光了.Can you work out how much we will spend during the trip?你能計算出這次旅行我們將花費多少錢嗎?動詞短語也可以帶賓語從句常見的這些詞有:make sure確保 make up ones mind下決心 keep in mind牢記Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in.在上交試卷前確保沒有任何錯誤.9. 可運用形式賓語it代替的賓語從句動詞find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有賓語

7、補足語的時候,則需要用it做形式賓語而將that賓語從句后置.I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day .我認為每天多喝開水是有必要的.I feel it a pity that I havent been to the get-together.我沒去聚會,感覺非常遺憾.I have made it a rule that I keep diaries. 我每天寫日記成了習(xí)慣.We all find it important that we (should) make a quick decision ab

8、out this mater. 我們都認為對這件事馬上做出決定很重要.有些動詞帶賓語從句時需要在賓語與從句前加it這類動詞主要有:hate, take , owe, have, see to.I hate it when they talk with their mouths full of food.我討厭他們滿嘴食物時說話.He will have it that our plan is really practical.他會認為我們的計劃確實可行.We take it that you will agree with us.我們認為你會同意我們的.When you start the e

9、ngine, you must see to it that car is in neutral.開啟發(fā)動機時, 一定要使汽車的離合器處于空擋位置.若賓語從句是wh-類,則不可用it代替We all consider what you said to be unbelievable.我們都認為你所說的是不可信的.We discovered what we had learned to be valuable.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)我們所學(xué)到的東西都是有用的.3.介詞的賓語從句用wh-類的介詞賓語從句We are talking about whether we admit students into our

10、 club.我們正在討論是否讓學(xué)生加入我們的俱樂部.The new book is about how Shenzhou 6 manned spaceship was sent up into space.這本新書是關(guān)于神州6號載人航天飛船是如何升如太空的.用that,if引導(dǎo)的介詞賓語從句有時候except,but,besides三個介詞后可見到that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he used to work with a company.對于我的新鄰居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班,其他一無所知.4.形容詞的

11、賓語從句常用來引導(dǎo)賓語從句的形容詞有: sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprisedI am sureI will pass the exam.我確信我會通過考試.I am sorry that I have troubled you so long.很抱歉我這么長時間在打擾你.He is glad that Li Ming went to see him when he was ill.他很高興在他生病的時候李明能去看望他.5.if,whether在賓語從句中的區(qū)別if和whether在作“是否”解時,引導(dǎo)賓語

12、從句常放在動詞know,ask,care,wonder,find out等之后,介詞后一般不用if少數(shù)動詞,如:leave,put,discuss,doubt后的賓語從句常用whether.whether后可以加or not,但是if不可以.在不定式前只能用whether.如： I cant decide whether to stay. 我不能決定是否留下。避免歧異時,我們常用whether而不用if.6.哪些賓語從句不可以省略引導(dǎo)詞that當that作learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等動詞的賓語時;當

13、賓語從句較長時;當主語狀語置于主句尾,賓語從句之前時;當主語謂語動詞(包括非謂語動詞)與賓語從句之間有插入語時;當一個動詞帶有兩個或兩個以上賓語從句時,此時第一個that可以省略,第二個that不可以省略;當賓語從句中的主語是this,that或this,that做主語的定語時;當賓語從句是雙賓語中的直接賓語時;當賓語從句的主語是非謂語動詞或主語從句時;當主語中的謂語動詞是固定詞組時;當賓語從句有it做其先行詞時;在直接引語中,轉(zhuǎn)述分句把賓語從句隔開時10. 賓語從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移主句的謂語動詞是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,espect,fancy

14、,guess等,并且主句的主語是第一人稱而且為一般現(xiàn)在時,從句的否定詞一般要轉(zhuǎn)移到主句上來,其反義疑問句一般與賓語從句一致.I dont think he will come to my party.而不能說成I think he wont come to my party.我認為他不會來我的舞會.I dont believe that man is killed by Jim,is he?我認為那個人不是Jim所殺的,是不是?如果賓語從句中有某個含有否定意義的形容詞或副詞,其反義疑問句要用肯定形式.We find that he never listens to the teacher ca

15、refully,does he?我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他從來不仔細聽老師講課,是不是?11. 賓語從句的時態(tài)和語序當主句為現(xiàn)在時或?qū)頃r的時候,賓語從句的時態(tài)一般不受主句的時態(tài)所影響.當主句為過去時的時候從句用一般過去時或過去進行時表示與主句謂語動詞動作同時發(fā)生I only knew he was studying in a western country,but I didnt know what country he was in.我只知道他當時在西方的一個國家讀書,可不知道是哪個國家.He asked me if I was reading the story The Old Man and the

16、Sea when he was in.他問我他進來的時候我是否正在讀.從句過去完成時表示該動作發(fā)生在主句謂語動作之前He told me that he had told Mary about the meeting already.他告訴我他已經(jīng)把有關(guān)會議的事情告訴的了Mary.從句謂語用過去將來時表示該動作發(fā)生在主句謂語動作之后The reporter asked if the government would take necessary measures to put down the to-do.記者問政府是否會采取必要的措施鎮(zhèn)壓騷亂.如果從句是一個客觀真理,那么從句的時候不根據(jù)主句

17、的時態(tài)而變化The teacher said that the moon goes around the earth yesterday.老師昨天說月亮繞著地球轉(zhuǎn).當賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞是who,which,what,when,where,how,why等表疑問時,不能按正常語序安排,經(jīng)常將這類引導(dǎo)詞置于句首Who do you think the public might choose as their favorite singer this year?你認為今年公眾會選誰為他們最喜歡的歌手賓語從句，即：在主句中擔(dān)當賓語的從句。學(xué)習(xí)賓語從句要抓住三要素：連接詞、語序和時態(tài)。 連接詞一般都是th

18、at(指事務(wù)或人),which（指事）,who（指人）1從句為陳述句，常選擇連接詞that或?qū)hat省略，直接與主句相連。2從句為一般疑問句，常選擇連接詞if或whether。在whetherornot結(jié)構(gòu)中不能用if替換。3從句為特殊疑問句，常選擇what,when,where,which,who,how等的疑問代、副詞作連接詞。注意：當who為主語時，句式為：who+謂語+其他三：判斷時態(tài)情況：1。主句是一般現(xiàn)在時，從句為各種時態(tài)情況2。主句是一般過去時，從句為各種相應(yīng)過去時態(tài)注意：從句描繪客觀事實，用一般現(xiàn)在時1. The teacher told the children that

19、the sun_ round. 【A. was B. is C. were D. are】2. I believe that our team_ the basketball match.【 A. win B. won C. will win D. wins 】3. I dont know_ to visit the old man. 【A. whether B. if C. that D. who】 The soldiers soon reached( )was once an old temple( )the villagers used as a school. 【A.which;whe

20、re B.what;which C.where;which D.what;where】答：選B，動詞reach后接賓語從句，從句缺少賓語，where不可，which引導(dǎo)賓語從句時表疑問含義“哪一個”而此句中并非疑問含義，不知道哪一座廟宇，而是用what從句表陳述含義，意“過去的一座舊廟宇”；temple后為對其修飾的定語從句，用關(guān)系代詞which代替，并在從句中作動詞used的賓語，use sth. as“把用作whether + or not 賓語從句，在復(fù)合句中作賓語，位于及物動詞后；eg Tell him which class you are in Do you know what h

21、e likes？注：(1)主、從句時態(tài)一致： 主句謂語過去時，從句相應(yīng)過去時； He answered that he was listening to me. 主句謂語現(xiàn)在時，從句時態(tài)任所需；eg He says (that) he will leave a message on my desk. They know (that) he is working hard. 具體過去永不變，真理格言現(xiàn)在時；eg He told me that he was born in 1980. Father told me that practice makes perfect .（2）否定前移，及完成反

22、意問句； 在think / believe / suppose / guess / imagine / expect等動詞后跟賓語從句否定式時，應(yīng)轉(zhuǎn)移到主句上去，完成反意問句時，應(yīng)與從句主、謂保持一致。（注: 否定前移的條件是，主句主語是第一人稱）eg I dont think you are right ,are you ? I dont believe they have finished their work yet,have they ?（3）在表示建議 suggest , advise 要求demand 、desire、require、request、propose； 決定 deci

23、de; 命令 order、command; 堅決主張 insist; 等動詞后跟賓語從句，用（should）+v（虛擬語氣）eg I suggested that you（should）study hard He ordered that we should go out at once（4）如果賓語從句后有賓語補語，用it作形式賓語，把賓語從句后置egYou may think it strange that he would live there（5）賓語從句that常可省略，但在以下情況下不能省略A當主句謂語動詞帶有兩個或兩個以上賓語從句時，可以省略第一個that，其他不能省略。egI

24、believe（that）you have done your best and that things will get bet?B當it作形式賓語時egShe made it clear that she had nothing to do with himC當賓語從句前置時egThat our team will win，I believe時態(tài)1. 主句是一般現(xiàn)在時，從句根據(jù)實際情況使用任何時態(tài)。例句：The headmaster hopes everything goes well.2. 主句是一般過去時，從句須用過去時態(tài)的某種形式。例句：She was sorry that she

25、hadnt finished her work on time.3. 當賓語從句表示的是一個客觀真理或者事實真理時，即使主句是過去時，從句也用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。例句：The teacher told his class that light travels faster than sound.2語序賓語從句的語序是陳述句語序即：連接代詞/副詞+主語+謂語+其他成分。即：連接代詞/副詞+陳述句語序。例句如下：1. I dont know what they are looking for.2. Could you tell me when the train will leave?3. Can yo

26、u imagine what kind of man he is?用法賓語從句賓語從句的連接詞：that結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+謂語+賓語（陳述語序）注意：1. 引導(dǎo)詞為that ；2. 語序為v.+主語+謂語+由if、whether引導(dǎo)賓語從句；3. 主句為現(xiàn)在時 從句為任意時態(tài)。1. 從屬連詞連接賓語從句的從屬連詞主要有that,if,whether，和疑問詞（what， how， where， when .)。that引導(dǎo)表示陳述句的賓語從句，if和whether，whether.or not引導(dǎo)表示“是否”的一般疑問句的賓語從句。2. 連接代詞連接代詞主要有who,whom,whose,what,

27、whoever,whomever,whosever,whatever,whichever等。連接代詞一般指疑問，但what,whatever除了指疑問外，也可以指陳述。3. 連接副詞連接副詞主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等。例句：He didnt tell me when we should meet again.他沒有告訴我什么時候我們能再見面。注：賓語從句通常跟在名詞或代詞后面。動賓從句1. 大多數(shù)及物動詞都可以帶賓語從句。2. 部分“動詞+副詞”結(jié)構(gòu)也可以帶賓語從句。3. 動詞短語也可以帶賓語從句，常見的這些詞有：make

28、sure（確保）、make up ones mind（下決心）、keep in mind（牢記）4. 可運用形式賓語it代替的賓語從句動詞find,feel,consider,make,believe,think等后面有賓語補足語的時候，則需要用it做形式賓語而將that賓語從句后置。5. 有些動詞帶賓語從句時需要在賓語從句前加it（雙賓語）這類動詞主要有：hate,take,owe,have,see to.award,lend.hand,mail,offer,pass,pay,post,read,return,show,teach,tell介賓從句1. 用whether之類的介詞賓語從句。2

29、. 用that,if引導(dǎo)的介詞賓語從句，有時候except,but,besides三個介詞后可見到that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。形容+賓從句有些形容詞具有動詞的含義，所以也可以帶一個賓語從句；例句：1. I am sorry I am late.2. I am glad that you can join us.3. Are you sure his answer is right?常用來引導(dǎo)賓語從句的形容詞有：sure,certain,glad,pleased,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprised詞語用法if與whether1. if和whether在作“是

30、否”理解時，引導(dǎo)賓語從句常放在動詞know,ask,care,wonder,find out等之后，介詞后一般不用if。2. 少數(shù)動詞，如：leave,put,discuss,doubt后的賓語從句常用whether。3. whether后可以加or not,但是if不可以。4. 在不定式前只能用whether。5. 一般“no matter”后表示“是否”用whether而不用if。不省略引導(dǎo)詞存在以下情況時引導(dǎo)詞that不可省略：1. that作learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等動詞的賓語。2. 賓語

31、從句較長。3. 主語狀語置于主句尾，賓語從句之前。4. 主語謂語動詞（包括非謂語動詞）與賓語從句之間有插入語。5. 一個動詞帶有兩個或兩個以上賓語從句時，第一個that可以省略，第二個that不可以省略。6. 賓語從句中的主語是this,that或those,these做主語的定語。7. 賓語從句是雙賓語中的直接賓語。8. 賓語從句的主語是非謂語動詞或主語從句。9. 主語中的謂語動詞是固定詞組。10. 賓語從句有it做其先行詞。11. 直接引語中，轉(zhuǎn)述分句把賓語從句隔開。12. that在從句中充當主語。否定轉(zhuǎn)移主句的謂語動詞是think,believe,imagine,suppose,con

32、sider,expect,fancy,guess等，并且主句的主語是第一人稱而且為一般現(xiàn)在時，從句的否定詞一般要轉(zhuǎn)移到主句上來，其反義疑問句一般與賓語從句一致.學(xué)習(xí)圖片如果賓語從句中有某個含有否定意義的形容詞或副詞，其反義疑問句要用肯定形式.我們通常稱為否定前移。時態(tài)和語序當主句為現(xiàn)在時或?qū)頃r,賓語從句的時態(tài)一般不受主句的時態(tài)所影響.當主句為過去時從句用一般過去時或過去進行時表示與主句謂語動詞動作同時發(fā)生從句過去完成時表示該動作發(fā)生在主句謂語動作之前從句謂語用過去將來時表示該動作發(fā)生在主句謂語動作之后如果從句是一個客觀真理，那么從句的時態(tài)不根據(jù)主句的時態(tài)而變化當賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞是who,wh

33、ich,what,when,where,how,why等表疑問時，不能按正常語序安排，經(jīng)常將這類引導(dǎo)詞置于句首1. 無論任何時候都為陳述語序.但也有部分口語提問例外 E.G:Whats the matter?Whats wrong with you?2版本二學(xué)習(xí)賓語從句要抓住三要素：引導(dǎo)詞、語序和時態(tài)。一、引導(dǎo)詞1從句為陳述句，常選擇引導(dǎo)詞that或?qū)hat省略，直接與主句相連。2從句為一般疑問句，常選擇引導(dǎo)詞if或whether。在 whether or not 結(jié)構(gòu)中不能用 if 替換。3從句為特殊疑問句，常選擇what,when,where,which,who,how等疑問代詞、疑問副

34、詞作引導(dǎo)詞。 注意：當who為主語時，句式為：who+謂語+其他。1. 從句的引導(dǎo)詞有很多，如：say, think, wish , hope, see, believe, agree, expect, hear , feel等。二、判斷時態(tài)情況1主句是一般現(xiàn)在時，從句為各種時態(tài)。2主句是一般過去時，從句為各種相應(yīng)過去時態(tài)。 注意：從句描繪客觀事實，用一般現(xiàn)在時。3關(guān)系代詞：that，who，whom,whose,which1 The teacher told the children that the sun_ round.was B. is C. were D. are2 I believ

35、e that our team_ the basketball match.win B. wonC. will winD. wins答：1.B 2.C賓語從句用作賓語。如：Do you know where he lives ?定語從句相當于一個形容詞，用于修飾前面的名詞。如：The student who answered the question was John. 回答問題的學(xué)生是John.This is the man whom he is looking for.三、賓語從句的用法1. that引導(dǎo)賓語從句無意義，不充當句子成分常省略。但下列情況除外：介詞賓語從句的that不能省略。

36、 and連接的兩個從句，兩個從句的that不能省略。He told me that he had two sons and that they both had gone to college.在動詞+it+賓語補足語+賓語從句結(jié)構(gòu)中，that不省略。I heard it said that he had gone abroadWe found it impossible that he could finish it in such a short time2. Whether,if 引導(dǎo)賓語從句：兩詞可互換，但是下列情形除外：whether從句中有or notwhether從句做介詞賓語E

37、verything depends on whether you agree with us3. 許多帶復(fù)合賓語的句子，賓語從句經(jīng)常移到句子后部，而用it做形式賓語。結(jié)構(gòu)是：主語 + 動詞 + it + 形容詞/名詞等賓語補足語 + 賓語從句We think it wrong that he told a lie to everyone.賓語從句的語序要用陳述句語序。False: He is wondering when can he finish this difficult job.Right: He is wondering when he can finish this difficult job. 有時候可以用it 作形式賓語，而把真正的賓語從句放在后面。Bad: I thought that he could finish this job in just two hours impossible.Good: I thought it impossible that he could finish this job in just two hours. 帶有賓語從句的復(fù)合句的否定形式一般是否定主句。Bad: I think he doesnt like the English teacher.Good: I dont thin