中考動詞辨析.doc

1、中考動詞辨析 撰稿：俞平 審稿：徐正海 編輯：郭素清一、用法辨析1. accept, receiveaccept一般指主觀上接受或同意，而receive表示客觀上收到某東西。She received his invitation yesterday, but she didnt accept it. 她昨天收到了他的請柬，不過她沒有接受。2. appreciate, thank這兩個詞都可以表示“感謝”的意思，但是appreciate后接something, thank后接 somebody。I appreciate your timely help.我感謝你及時的幫助。I thank you

2、 for your timely help.3. borrow, lend這兩個詞都可以表示“借”， 但borrow用于borrow sth from sb.“向某人借某物”，而lend用于lend sth. to sb.“把某物借給某人”。I borrowed two books from him. 我向他借了兩本書。I lent two books to him. 我借了兩本書給他。4. carry, take, bring, fetch這幾個詞都可以表示“拿”，“帶”的意思，但carry不強調(diào)方向，多指負重的感覺，其它三個都有方向性；take表示“帶走”，由近及遠，bring表示“拿來”

3、，由遠及近，fetch表示“去拿來”，一個來回。He is too young to carry the heavy box. 他太小，拿不動這個沉重的箱子。Dont forget to take all your things away. 不要忘了把你們所有的東西都帶走。Remember to bring your dictionary tomorrow. 明天記住把你的詞典帶來。After school we fetch water first.放學(xué)后我們先打水。5. congratulate, celebratecongratulate表示“祝賀”，后接人作賓語，而celebrate表示

4、“慶?！?，后接物作賓語。6. effect, affect, influence這三個詞都可以表示“影響”的意思，但effect是名詞，affect一般用作動詞，而influence既可以用作名詞，又可以用作動詞。7. look, glance, glare, stare,這幾個詞都可以表示“看”，但look指一般的看，glance指匆匆一看，glare指生氣地看，stare指目不轉(zhuǎn)睛地盯著看。8. include, contain這兩個詞都可以表示“包含”之意，但是include側(cè)重包含者是整體中的一部分，contain強調(diào)“含有”。What does the price include?

5、這個價錢都包括什么？What does beer contain? 啤酒包含有什么？9. injure, hurt, wound這幾個詞都可以表示“受傷”，但injure多指以外受傷，hurt既可以指肉體上的受傷，也可以指精神上的傷害，wound多指刀傷和槍傷之類的外傷。10. insist, stick這三個詞都可以表示“堅持”， 但insist后接介詞on, stick后接介詞to; insist后接從句時，從句中的謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣。11. laugh, smile這兩個詞都可以表示“笑”，laugh強調(diào)出聲的笑，“大笑”，而smile表示不出聲的笑，“微笑”。12. listen,

6、hear這兩個詞都表示“聽”，但listen強調(diào)聽的過程，而hear強調(diào)聽的結(jié)果，“聽見”。He listened carefully, but could hear nothing. 他仔細聽，可什么也聽不見。其它類似的用法還有：look看 / see看見，look for找 / find 找到。13. look, seem, appear這三個詞都可以用作連系動詞，look強調(diào)從視覺得出的印象，seem表示有一定的根據(jù)，較接近事實，appear表示外表上如此，但事實未必如此。14. pause, stop這兩個詞都可以表示“?！?，但pause強調(diào)“暫?！?，稍后還會繼續(xù)下去，而stop表示最

7、后停下來。15. win, beat這兩個詞都有“贏”的意思，但win后接比賽等，而beat后接人作賓語。16. advise, suggest這兩個詞都可以表示“建議”，后面都可以接動名詞和賓語從句，而且接從句時，從句中的動詞都要用should + 動詞原形（should可省略）；但是，advise可以接復(fù)合賓語，而suggest不可以。I advised her to stay at home instead of going with us. 我勸她呆在家里，不要跟我們?nèi)ァ?7. attend, join, take part in這三個用法都可以表示“參加”， 但attend后面一般接

8、a meeting /school/class/wedding等，join表示參加組織，后面一般接the Party/the League/the army等，而take part in等于join in, 表示參加活動。18. cost, spend, take, paycost用于sth. cost (sb.) money, spend用于sb. spend. time/money (in)doing sth. / on sth., take用于It takes (sb.) time to do sth., pay用于sb. pay money for sth. This book cos

9、t me ten yuan. 這本書花了我十元錢。I spent ten yuan (in) buying this book. 我買這本書花了十元錢。I spent two hours reading this book. 我花了兩小時讀這本書。It took me two hours to read this book. 讀這本書花了我兩小時。I paid ten yuan for this book. 我買這本書花了十元錢。19. get, arrive, reach這幾個詞都可以表示“到達”的意思，get是一個不及物動詞，后帶to接名詞作賓語；arrive也是一個不及物動詞，后帶at（

10、小地方）或in（大地方）接名詞作賓語；reach是及物動詞，直接接名詞作賓語。20. happen, take place這兩個用法都有“發(fā)生”的意思，但happen強調(diào)偶然發(fā)生，而take place一般指按計劃或有組織發(fā)生。21. invent, discoverinvent表示“發(fā)明”以前沒有過的東西，而discover表示“發(fā)現(xiàn)”已經(jīng)存在的東西。22. separate, divide這兩個動詞都可以表示“分”的意思，但separate表示把兩個相對獨立的部分分開，常和介詞from連用；而divide表示把一個整體分成若干部分，常和介詞into連用。23. watch, look, s

11、ee, read這幾個詞都可以表示“看”的意思，但watch一般用于觀看電視或比賽，look側(cè)重于注意力，強調(diào)動作，see側(cè)重于視覺，強調(diào)結(jié)果，read強調(diào)文字性的東西。24. hope, wish作動詞時，這兩個詞都可以表示“希望”，都可以跟從句，但hope后賓語從句中謂語動詞用陳述語氣，而wish后賓語從句中謂語動詞用虛擬語氣；wish后面可以跟帶不定式的復(fù)合賓語，而hope不能；這兩個詞都可以直接跟帶to的不定式作賓語。25. put on, wear, dress這三個表達法都可以表示“穿”，但put on用作及物動詞，后接具體的衣服，強調(diào)穿的動作；wear是一個及物動詞，后接具體的衣

12、服，指經(jīng)常性的動作，表示狀態(tài)；dress可以用作不及物動詞，可單獨用，表示“穿衣”，也可用作及物動詞，表示“給穿衣服”，后接人等穿的對象，或者用于“be dressed in”,后接具體的衣服或衣服的顏色。26. rise, raise, lift這幾個動詞都有“上升”，“提高”之意，但rise是一個不及物動詞，不能用于被動語態(tài)，經(jīng)常用來指太陽、月亮、物價、體溫、氣溫、河水、潮水以及職位等的“上升”；raise是一個及物動詞，表示“舉起”， “提高”， “提出”， “飼養(yǎng)”，種植等意思；lift也是一個及物動詞，表示“舉起”，“抬起”，“搬起”，強調(diào)物體的沉重，含有舉起要費力氣的意思。27.

13、lie, lay這兩個詞在意思上沒有什么關(guān)系，但它們的形式容易弄混。原形 詞義 過去式 過去分詞形式 現(xiàn)在分詞形式lie 說謊 lied lied lying lie 躺，放，位于 laylain lying lay 產(chǎn)卵 laid laid laying28. know, recognizeknow的意思是“知道”，“認識”，表示“認出”講時，常與介詞from連用, 構(gòu)成knowfrom詞組，表示“把和分辨開來”；recognize的意思是“認出”，“認識到”，是建立在原先就認識的基礎(chǔ)上的。29. join, connect這兩個動詞都可以表示“連結(jié)”的 意思，join一般指結(jié)合，聯(lián)合，把兩

14、者連成一體，常與介詞to搭配，join A to B把A連到B上，join+地點，表示在某地連接， join sth. with sth. 用某東西連結(jié)某物；connect指銜接，聯(lián)系，兩者還保持各自的獨立性，常用于connect A with B，把A和B連在一起，be connected with與有聯(lián)系。30. learn, study這兩個動詞都可以表示“學(xué)”，但learn指“學(xué)會”，“學(xué)到”，表示通過用功或被教授從而獲得知識和技能，強調(diào)學(xué)習(xí)的結(jié)果，而且多用于初級階段的學(xué)習(xí)，后面可接不定式或名詞，如果接從句就表示“了解得知”的意思；study指“學(xué)習(xí)”，“研究”，表示較深入的學(xué)習(xí)或研究

15、，強調(diào)學(xué)習(xí)的過程，后面不能跟不定式，可接名詞或代詞作賓語。31. grow, plant這兩個動詞都有“種，植”的意思，但grow意思是“養(yǎng)殖”，指使某種植物在某地生長并使其發(fā)展下去，是一個及物動詞；而plant的意思是“移植”，移栽已經(jīng)長成秧苗的植物，是一個及物動詞。32. answer, reply這兩個動詞都有“回答，答復(fù)”的意思，但answer是一個及物動詞，后面可接人或信或問題，還常表示（聽到聲音去）接電話或應(yīng)門；而reply是一個不及物動詞，后面要先接介詞to，然后再接人或信或問題。33. forget, leave這兩個都可以表示“遺忘”的意思，但forget表示記憶中遺忘了某事

16、或某物，后面接名詞或代詞作賓語，而leave則表示把某物遺忘在什么地方，在賓語后面必須要加上地點。34. lose, miss這兩個動詞都有“丟，失”的意思，但lose一般指不會再找回來的遺失或丟掉，是一個及物動詞，其分詞形容詞用lost, be lost也可指迷路；miss指可能是暫時的“失蹤”，或者是“遺失”，其分詞形容詞用missing。二、強化訓(xùn)練1. I am sorry I forgot _ your dictionary. I will borrow one for you. A. to bring B. take C. bringing D. taking 2. I can h

17、ardly hear the recorder. Would you please _?A. turn it down B. turn it up C. turn it on D. turn it off 3. How is he _with his studies? A. get in B. get over C. get through D. get along 4. As soon as our English teacher _ the classroom, we all stood up. A. entered into B. came into C. came D. came in

18、 5. Do you know who _ the New World in 1492?A. invented B. founded C. created D. discovered 6. His parents had to _ him study hard when he was young. A. oblige B. ask C. make D. force 7. They married yesterday but I was too busy to _ their wedding. A. join B. attend C. take part in D. join in 8. In

19、the one-hundred-meter race, Tom _ Mike and _ the race. A. defeated, won B. won, gained C. beat, won D. beated, defeated 9. Could you tell me when your wedding will _?A. take place B. hold C. have D. happen 10. I have no idea they _here the day before yesterday. A. reached B. arrived C. got to D. arr

20、ived at 11. Dont buy cheap coal. It _ a lot of smoke. A. gives off B. gives in C. gives up D. gives away 12. Kate is in difficulty. Who is willing to _ her a favour?A. make B. do C. give D. take 13. It is said that the sports meeting may be _ if it rains tomorrow. A. put up B. put away C. put down D

21、. put off 14. _! There is a hole ahead. A. Look on B. Look out C. Look around D. Look forward 15. If possible, you must _ as much work as you can. A. take on B. take back C. take up D. take over 16. I really _ you to study harder from today on and pass the final exam. A. hope B. wish C. order D. for

22、ce 17. I want to know how much you _ on books each term. A. pay B. cost C. spend D. take 18. Children, get up and _ quickly. Its time to have breakfast. A. wear B. put on C. wears D. dress 19. Can you _ English? If so, please _ us a story in English. A. talk, say B. say, talk C. tell, speak D. speak

23、, tell 20. She told me that she agreed _ me but she couldnt give me any help. A. to B. with C. on D. about 21. We used to live in a house which was made _ wood. A. of B. from C. into D. in 22. How are you? I havent _ you for such a long time. Now I am writing to you.A. heard of B. heard about C. hea

24、rd from D. heard 23. In the zoo, we fed grass _ the sheep. A. on B. with C. to D. for 24. When do you want to _ me? We have known each other long enough. A. be married B. marry C. get married with D. marry with 25. At last he _ me and _ drinking . A. gave in togave upB. gave way to, gave out C. gave

25、 up, gave in D. gave in gave up26. I prefer _ TV to _ out for a walk today. A. watch, go B. watching, go C. to watch, going D. watching, going 27. Do you know the story about a king who _ fine, new clothes. A. cared B. cared about C. cared much for D. took care of 28. They waited until the sound of

26、the footsteps _ in the distance. A. died of D. died from C. died out D. died away 29. You should have done something to _ the boys _ troubling you. A. keepfrom B. be keptfrom C. be kept/ D. keep/30. It is known that the Pacific _ Asia _ America. A. dividesinto B. dividesfrom C. separatesfrom D. sepa

27、ratesinto31. The Canal _ North America _ Latin America. A. putsto B. joinswith C. unitesto D. connects with 32. I dont know when they are _ America?A. set off for B. start off for C. leaving for D. leaving to 33. When did you _ a car? A. learn driving B. study to drive C. learn to drive D. study dri

28、ving 34. Now it is spring. Its time for us _ trees on the hill. A. to grow B. to plant C. growing D. planting 35. I always _ her letter at once only if I am free. A. answer to B. answer for C. reply to D. reply for 36. I _ my book in the classroom when I went home yesterday. A. forgot B. left C. had

29、 forgotten D. had left 37. Though I _ her five years ago, I couldnt _ her as she had changed greatly. A. knew, recognized B. know, recognize C. knew, recognizeD. know, recognized 38. He said he would _ a bike _ me the next day. A. borrowto B. borrow, in C. lendfrom D. lendto 39. The boy who _ on the

30、 grass _ to me yesterday. A. is lying, lied B. is laying, lied C. laid, lay D. lay, laid 40. Look! The moon _ from behind the mountain. A. is raising B. is rising C. is risen D. is raised 41. He took off his shoes and _ them on the floor. A. took B. brought C. dropped D. fell 42. If you like, you ca

31、n _ it for another two weeks. A. lend B. borrow C. take D. keep 43. How do you _ this word? I am not sure whether I can write it correctly.A. say B. read C. pronounce D. spell 44. His speech _ as long as more than two hours, so that everybody felt bored. A. was lasted B. spent C. ended D. lasted 45.

32、 She _ her bike and hurt her legs yesterday afternoon. A. fell down B. fell off C. fell away D. fell out 46. It is reported that another earthquake may _ this area soon. A. heat B. hurt C. hit D. strike 47. Please _ the notice on the door.A. put on B. put down C. put up D. put off 48. The old man wa

33、nted to _ the two pieces of wood with nails. A. fill B. join C. put D. give 49. What she said _ strange, but it was true. A. looked B. sounded C. heard D. listened 50. An answering machine helps to _ the telephone message while you are out. A. say B. stay C. keep D. write 51. I tried to get them to

34、_ the price of the TV set, but they refused to. So I didntbuy it. A. go up B. bring down C. bring up D. go down 52. The doctor _ my father to stop smoking and my father did so. A. let B. said C. advised D. suggested 53. I think he will soon _ his disappointment and be cheerful again. A. get through

35、B. get over C. get up D. get away54. In all, they _ more than 300,000 Chinese characters. A. come up B. come into C. come to D. come about 55. Can you _ me _this evening ?.A. ring on B. ring in C. ring off D. ring up56. We _ your help and kindness very much. A. thank B. appreciate C. love D. offer 5

36、7. _ deer is their work. A. Feeding to B. Raising C. Rising D. Supplying 58. At that time no one could _ exactly what was going to happen next. A. talk B. say C. tell D. speak 59. Its too cold here. Shall I _?A. set fire B. light a fire C. make a fire D. catch fire 60. She got a letter from her pare

37、nts yesterday and it _ her of her home. A. thought B. remembered C. forgot D. reminded 參考答案1. A 忘了做某事后面要接不定式。2. B turn down“把（音量）關(guān)小”,turn up“把（音量）開大”,turn on“開”,turn off“關(guān)”。3. D get in“到達”，“請某人來”，“上（車）”，get over“作完”，“恢復(fù)”， get through“（電話）接通”，“明白”，“成功”， get along“（人或活動）進展”， “繼續(xù)”，“（人） 相處融洽”。4. B enter

38、是一個及物動詞，后面不接介詞；come in中的in是一個副詞，后面不接名詞。5. D invent“發(fā)明”，found“成立”，create“創(chuàng)造”，discover“發(fā)現(xiàn)”。6. C make后接不帶to的不定式作賓語補足語，其它三個動詞后面都必須接帶to的不定式作賓語補足 語。7B join表示加入某種組織并成為其中的一員；attend表示“出席”，“參加” (meeting/school/wedding等)；take part in = join in 表示參加某種活動。8. C beat后接人，win后接比賽等。 9. A take place表示按計劃發(fā)生，happen表示偶然發(fā)生

39、，hold和have都是及物動詞。10. B 單獨表示“到達”，不接到什么地方，只能用arrive。 11. A give off“散發(fā)”，give in“讓步”，“投降”，give up“放棄”，“戒掉”，give away“贈送”，“泄露”。12. B do sb. a favour“幫某人一個忙”。13. D put up“舉起”，“支起”，“張貼”，put away“放好”，“存著備用”，put down“擊敗”，“貶低”，put off “推遲”，“延期”。14. B look on“旁觀”，“觀看”，look out“小心”，“當(dāng)心”，look around“到處尋找”，“四處查看

40、”，look forward“盼望（后接介詞to）”。15. D take on“呈現(xiàn)”，“聘用”，take back“承認錯誤”，“同意收回”，take up“從事于”，“占”，“繼續(xù)”，take over“接任”，“接管”。16. B 這里表示說話人的一種愿望。17. C 這里表示某人花費多少錢在什么事上。18. D 在這句話中，dress用作不及物動詞，表示“穿衣服”。19. D 說某種語言用speak，給某人講故事用tell。20. B agree to表示同意某事，agree with表示同意某人或某人所說的話，agree on表示就某事達成一致意見。21. A be made of

41、“由組成”（看得出原料），be made from“由組成”（看不出原料），be made into“（可以）組成”，be made in“產(chǎn)于”。 22. C hear from sb.“收到某人的來信”，hear of/about“聽說”。23C feedto“把喂給”，動詞后面接食物，介詞后面接人或動物， feedwith/on“用喂”，動詞后面接人或動物，介詞后面接食物，feed on“以為食”。24. B marry sb.“娶某人”，“和某人結(jié)婚”，表動作，不與時間段連用，be married to sb.“和某人結(jié)婚”，表狀態(tài)，要注意這里不能用介詞with，get married

42、“結(jié)婚”，“成家”，表動作，get married to sb. “和某人結(jié)婚”，表動作。25. A give in“讓步”，“投降”，in是一個副詞，后面不接賓語，give in to“對讓步”，“屈服于”，give up“放棄”，“停止”，接名詞或代詞或動名詞作賓語，如果是代詞必須放在中間，give way to= give in to“對讓步”，“屈服于”，give out“用完”，“分發(fā)”。 26. D prefer A to B “喜歡A而不喜歡B”，to是一個介詞，A 和B詞形要一致，都是名詞或代詞或動名詞，prefer to do A rather than do B“寧愿做A而不愿做B”， prefer sb. to do sth. “更愿某人做某事”。27. C care about“關(guān)心”，“計較”，“在乎”，care for“關(guān)心”，“喜歡”。 28