誤差理論與測量平差基礎(chǔ)課程設(shè)計報告

1、導(dǎo)線網(wǎng)平差計算 間接平差法計算待定點坐標(biāo)平差值任務(wù)及精度要求某工程按城市測量規(guī)范（cjj8-99）布設(shè)一、二級導(dǎo)線網(wǎng)作為平面控制網(wǎng)，主要技術(shù)要求為：平均邊長200 m，測角中誤差，導(dǎo)線全長相對閉合差，最弱點的點位中誤差cm。經(jīng)過測量得到觀測數(shù)據(jù)，方向和角度為等精度觀測值、方向和測角中誤差，邊長為光電測距、測距中誤差為，根據(jù)所學(xué)的“誤差理論與測量平差基礎(chǔ)”提出一個最佳的平差方案，完成該網(wǎng)的平差計算，并寫出課程設(shè)計報告。導(dǎo)線網(wǎng)資料1、已知點成果表點 名坐 標(biāo)(m)編號已知坐標(biāo)方位角 xya11768.7148419.242a-a274 23 34b10878.3028415.114b-b 8 10

2、 27c11131.9597722.199c-c194 20 122、角度和邊長觀測值角號角度觀測值 邊號邊長觀測值(m) 1 86 43 161221.6502182 22 432195.8433188 59 573229.3564115 23 374189.7815131 27 465 98.1636113 08 376154.7737176 33 437148.3378123 09 058151.4809 70 04 349187.75110203 16 4111165 40 2912165 59 583、導(dǎo)線網(wǎng)略圖4、導(dǎo)線點及結(jié)點的近似坐標(biāo)點 號1234567x0（m）11547.10

3、611351.62711127.71611067.43511147.02511101.94811093.055y0（m）8414.9338403.0038353.3348430.7847876.2378017.5598168.778【選用間接平差方案的理由】 間接平差方法中的誤差方程，形式統(tǒng)一，規(guī)律性較強，便于計算機的程序設(shè)計；所選參數(shù)是平差后所需要的最后成果。【解題過程】本題21，即有21個誤差方程，其中12個角度誤差方程，9個邊長誤差方程。必要觀測數(shù)t = 27= 14。現(xiàn)選取待定點坐標(biāo)平差值為參數(shù)，即1. 由已知點坐標(biāo)及待定點近似坐標(biāo)計算各邊的近似方位角，近似邊長，并算出系數(shù)、。列表如下

4、：點名 (角號)（）觀測角 坐標(biāo)方位角 觀測邊長近似坐標(biāo)近似邊長cossina(/mm)b(/mm) - a a 123bb43cc567386 43 16182 22 43188 59 57115 23 37176 33 43123 09 05131 27 4670 04 34203 16 41165 40 29165 59 58113 08 37274 23 34181 06 50183 29 33192 30 25.68 10 274 44 10.5307 53 39.8194 20 1284 24 49.8107 41 27.493 21 5679 21 48221.650195.84

5、3229.356189.78198.163154.773148.337151.480187.75111768.71411547.10611351.62711127.71610878.30211067.43511127.71611131.95911147.02511101.94811093.05511127.7168419.2428414.9338403.0038353.3348415.1148430.7848353.3347722.1997876.2378014.5598168.7788353.334221.650195.843229.3533189.781098.14429154.77301

6、48.337151.480187.78259-0.9998-0.9981-0.97630.99660.61420.0973-0.3039-0.05870.1846-0.0194-0.0609-0.21660.0826-0.78910.99530.95270.99830.9828002.7018.71000-31.59-0.0181-0.0641-0.19480.0897-1.65851.32631.32471.35941.07950.93041.05130.8780-1.0831-1.2909-0.12970.42270.0799-0.20282.由此可得誤差方程：角度：邊長：3.確定角和邊的

7、權(quán)設(shè)單位權(quán)中誤差，則角度觀測值的權(quán)為 各導(dǎo)線邊的權(quán)為 4.計算角度和邊長誤差方程的常數(shù)項，并列表如下表二：角1234567891011120.0181-0.08220.0642000000000-0.93041.9817-1.051300000000000.0642-0.25900.19480-0.19480000000-1.05131.9293-0.878000.8780000000000.19481.4637-2.73811.274301.6585000-1.079500-0.87802.1689-1.0882-1.080801.29090000.2028000-1.65851.65850

8、-0.0897-1.56880000000-1.29091.290901.0831-2.374000000000000-1.32632.651-1.32470000000000.12970.293-0.42270000000000-1.32472.6841-1.3594000000000-0.42270.5026-0.079900001.0796-1.07950000-1.35942.43890000-0.20270.20280000-0.0799-0.122900-55.4821.66-20.6-1.40-25.34-43.60.461111111111113.93188.985813357

9、62.971912.3767-15.01248.697312.06937.9519-0.5302-8.8385-17.376186 43 20182 22 52189 00 10115 23 40131 27 58113 08 22176 33 52123 09 1770 04 42203 16 40165 40 20165 59 41邊123456789-0.99980.99810000000-0.01940.060900000000-0.99810.97630000000-0.06090.216600000000-0.97630-0.6142000-0.184600-0.216600.78

10、91000-0.98280000.99660.614200000000.0826-0.79810000000000.09730.303900000000.9953-0.952700000000-0.30390.058700000000.9527-0.998300000000-0.05870.184600000000.99830.9828002.7018.71000-31.590.450.510.440.531.020.650.670.660.53-5.0523-4.8389-7.178717.1390-7.8790-4.55162.6122-1.76417.4371221.645195.838

11、229.349189.79898.155154.768148.340151.478187.7585.1334-4.126010.7104-16.07228.049116.600716.41939.3898-3.3944-4.2412-8.9994-3.2873-7.8573-4.987211547.1068414.93311351.6278403.00311127.716353.33411067.4358430.78411147.0257876.23711101.9488017.55911093.0558168.77811547.1118414.92911351.6388402.9871112

12、7.7248353.35111067.4518430.79311147.0227876.23311101.9398017.55611093.0478168.7735.法方程的組成和解算：故6.平差值計算：（1）坐標(biāo)平差值將表二中的坐標(biāo)改正數(shù)加上近似值，即得平差值，結(jié)果見表二最后一行。（2）觀測值的平差值將表二中的改正數(shù)與已知導(dǎo)線點表中的觀測值相加，即得觀測量的平差值見表二最后一行。7.精度評定單位權(quán)中誤差：待定點點位中誤差及點位誤差橢圓元素：點 號ef11.60460.46830.019219.397410.479122.047319.497910.29160.715421.98440.866

13、10.042321.571214.251025.853621.769813.95470.713631.18360.7707-0.074816.659513.443221.400615.1998+1.3832i15.1998-1.3832i1.3609-0.1735i41.25610.40430.014417.16229.736719.731617.27529.53440.855750.29591.20440.06558.329816.805318.756817.23497.40101.508560.78631.7290-0.062813.578620.135324.285719.710814.

14、1873-1.498871.09901.65930.041116.053219.936325.598220.301615.59201.50858.成果匯總經(jīng)比較，各點點位中誤差均符合要求，故成果匯總?cè)缦拢?點 名坐 標(biāo)(m)點位誤差(mm)點位誤差橢圓元素備注xyef111547.1118414.92919.397410.479122.047319.497910.29160.7145211351.6388402.98721.571214.251025.853621.769813.94570.7136311127.7248353.35116.659513.44321.406615.1998 + 1.3832i15.1998 - 1.3832i1.3609 - 0.1735i411067.4518430.79317.16229.736719.731617.27529.53440.8557511147.0227876.2338.329816.805318.756817.23497.401018.7568611101.9398017.55613.578620.135324.285719.710814.1873-1.49887