仁愛(ài)版八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)下第五單元語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)

1、初中英語(yǔ)常見(jiàn)的幾種時(shí)態(tài)1. all of the students in my class like physics very much.2. i didnt have lunch this morning because i got up late.3. where do they want to go?4. could the girl dress herself at the age of 3.5. when did you finish your homework.總結(jié)：一個(gè)句子的時(shí)態(tài)是由其中的動(dòng)詞決定的，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的句子中，如果主語(yǔ)是第一二人稱(chēng)，或一二人稱(chēng)的復(fù)數(shù)及名詞復(fù)數(shù)的時(shí)候，動(dòng)詞

2、用原形，如果主語(yǔ)是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)或名詞單數(shù)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞也要相應(yīng)的用單數(shù)。動(dòng)詞變成單數(shù)有以下幾種規(guī)則：一、 動(dòng)詞第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)的變化規(guī)則及發(fā)音規(guī)律動(dòng)詞原形變第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)的規(guī)則與發(fā)音規(guī)律同名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)大致相同，請(qǐng)認(rèn)真觀察。1、大多數(shù)動(dòng)詞在詞尾加“s”在清輔音后發(fā)音為s，在濁輔音及元音后發(fā)音為 z。如：stopstops s ; makemakes sreadreads z ; playplays z2、以輔音字母加“y”結(jié)尾的，要先將“y”變?yōu)椤癷”，然后在加“es”讀iz 如：flyflies z； carrycarries zstudystudies z; worryworries3、以“s, x,

3、 ch, sh”結(jié)尾的，在詞尾加“es”，發(fā)音為iz 如：teachteaches iz; watchwatches iz4、以“o”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，加“es”，讀z 如：gogoes z dodoes z下面幾個(gè)動(dòng)詞變?yōu)閱螖?shù)時(shí)，原詞的元音部分的發(fā)音發(fā)生了較大的變化，請(qǐng)注意記憶。 如：1、do du:does dz2、say seisays sez以不發(fā)音字母“e”結(jié)尾的開(kāi)音節(jié)詞，如果尾音是s，z時(shí)，加“s”后字母“e”發(fā)音， 與所加“s”一起讀做iz。 如：closecloses iz二、對(duì)比詞形變化中原詞詞尾變化之異同： 變“y”為“i”現(xiàn)象 雙寫(xiě)最后輔音字母現(xiàn)象例詞：babybabiesca

4、rrycarriesstudystudying動(dòng)詞單數(shù)形式練習(xí)題一、寫(xiě)出下列動(dòng)詞的第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式。 sit_ swim_ go _make _ run _ write_ cry_ study _ watch_ wash_ say_ play _二、用do does填空1、_ you ride a bike after school? yes, i _. 2、_ your sister like pe? no, she _ not. 1、 what_ the students have? they have some pens. 2、 how_ linda go to school? she

5、goes to school on foot. 3、 he _ not speak english. he speaks chinese. 4、 _ they watch tv on sundays? yes, they _ . 5、 my father and mother _ not read newspapers on saturday.三、用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)填空。 1、 what _ he _ (have)? he _ (have) a toy plane. 2、 my mother _ not_ (like) english. she _ (like) chinese. 3、 _ you

6、_ (go ) to school by bus? no, i _ (go) to school by car. 4、 miss wang _ (swim ) every day. 5、 i _ (like) english . tom _ _ _(not like ) english.6、 the moon _ (go) around the earth. 7、 when_ you _ (go ) to school? i _ (go) to school at five every day. 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞有規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種。1) 規(guī)則變化一般在動(dòng)詞原形后加-ed lookc

7、all、open、need looked、called、opened、needed、called、opened、needed但fix的過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞x不雙寫(xiě)，為fixed.以-e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞加-d movephone、hope、agree moved、phoned、hoped、agreed、hoped以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，變y為i，再加-ed studycarry、try studied、studied、carried studied 5stqdid、carried 5karid、tried traid以原音字母加y結(jié)尾的詞，直接加-ed playenjoy、stay played、enj

8、oyed、stayed played pleid、enjoyed in5dvcid、stayed steid末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)詞，雙寫(xiě)該輔音字母，再加-ed stopplan、fit stopped、planned、fitted以-r音節(jié)結(jié)尾的詞，雙寫(xiě)r字母，再加-ed prefer、refer preferred、referred preferred2) 不規(guī)則變化英語(yǔ)中有些動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞形式變化不規(guī)則，可分為五種情況。1動(dòng)詞原形、過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞完全同形。例：原形 過(guò)去式 過(guò)去分詞cut（切）、hit（打）、cast（扔）、hurt（傷害）、put（放）、let（讓?zhuān)?/p>

9、、shut（關(guān)）、cost（花費(fèi)）、set（放）rid（清除） cut2過(guò)去式與過(guò)去分詞完全同形。例：原形 過(guò)去式 過(guò)去分詞find（找到）found found、pay（支付）paid paid、leave（離開(kāi)）left left、lend（借出）lent lent、meet（遇見(jiàn)）met met、keep（保持）kept keptlose（丟失）lost lost、teach（教）taught taught、sit（坐）sat sat、lead（引導(dǎo)）led led、win（贏）除）won won3動(dòng)詞原形與過(guò)去分詞同形例：原形 過(guò)去式 過(guò)去分詞come（來(lái)）run（跑）動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式過(guò)去分

10、詞練習(xí)題六、寫(xiě)出下列動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式sit_ swim_ read _ make_ watch_ sing_ do_ has _ go _ watch_ clean_ are _study_ stop_ is _ come _ wash_ jump_ get _七、用一般過(guò)去時(shí)填空1i _(go) to the cinema last saturday. 2he_ (is ) ill yesterday. 3we only_ (have ) a lesson yesterday. 4what _ your uncle _ (do) yesterday morning? he (get ) some

11、 friuts. 5. she _ (clean) our classroom yesterday afternoon請(qǐng)判斷下列句子的時(shí)態(tài)she is doing her homework at the moment.all the students are studying in the classroom now.are they playing basketball on the playground?what are you doing at this time of yesterday?現(xiàn)在分詞加ing的規(guī)則現(xiàn)在分詞是在動(dòng)詞后加上ing 構(gòu)成。如:starting,working,

12、coming, sitting 等都是現(xiàn)在分詞?，F(xiàn)在分詞的變化規(guī)則是固定的，大家用心記一下就可以了。(1)直接在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后加ing. 例如：going, starting, working.(2)去掉詞尾不發(fā)音的e，再加ing. 例如 leaving,dining.注意：如果單詞結(jié)尾的e發(fā)音，則不能去掉，也直接加ing. 例如：see -seeing/agree - agreeing .另外，有少數(shù)動(dòng)詞比較特殊，請(qǐng)用心記住：例如：lie - lying/die - dying/tie - tying/picnic - picnicking.可用來(lái)表示現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，常用的有：now, t

13、his week, at this moment 等；或者告訴你一個(gè)準(zhǔn)確的現(xiàn)在時(shí)間，或者用look, listen提醒聽(tīng)者注意正在發(fā)生的事。they are playing basketball now.現(xiàn)在他們正在打籃球。listen! she is singing an english song.聽(tīng)，她正在唱英語(yǔ)歌。look at the picture. the children are flying kites in the park.看這幅圖。那些孩子正在公園放風(fēng)箏。we are making model planes these days.這些天我們?cè)谧鲲w機(jī)模型。its 6:30

14、now. i am getting up. 現(xiàn)在是6：30.我正在起床。1. i _ _ (read ) english now. 2. he _ _ (go) to the park now. 3. we _ _ (have ) an english class. 4. what _ they _ (do ) ? they _ _ (sit) in the park. 5. my mother _ _ (clean ) the room now. 八、用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1、 my mother _(wash) the plates in the kitchen every day.2、

15、please _ (have) some oranges. 3、 its seven oclock. i _ (get) up now. 4、 school is over. the students can _ (play) games. 5、 _ you _ (go) to school every day? 6、 dont _ (run) in the school now. 7、 we _ (like) music. now we _ (sing)8、 let me _ (go) to the cinema. 9、 “mary, _ you _ (clean ) the table n

16、ow?” yes.10、 my hands are dirty. let me _(go) and _ (wash ) them. 11、 look, miss white _(have ) an english lesson. we _(like) english. 12、 the workers _ (want) some tea. they are thirsty. 13、 listen, who _ (speak) english in the park? 14、 the old women _(run) every morning. 15、 i can _ (listen ) to

17、the radio on sunday.短語(yǔ)詞組句型復(fù)習(xí)過(guò)夜 _ 講一個(gè)小故事_ 一張.的票_希望做._ 得到足夠的睡眠_(dá) 發(fā)燒_go mad _ cheer up/on _ set a table for_ring up_ be able to do_ be popular with_1. how nice! 真是太好了! what a shame! 真可惜! thats too bad! what bad news! 多糟的消息! 這三句全都是感嘆句.它們的結(jié)構(gòu)為: 1) how + adj./ adv. + 主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ)! 如: how moving the movie is! how

18、 fast the boy runs! 2) what + a/an + adj. + n. (可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)) + 主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ)! 如: what a big apple (it is)! 3) what + adj. + n.(可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞) + 主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ)! 如: what interesting stories (they are)! what hard work( it is)! 2. because he cant get a ticket to the sound of music. 因?yàn)樗麤](méi)有買(mǎi)到音樂(lè)之 聲的票. to 表“的”，常見(jiàn)的搭配如下： a tic

19、ket tothe sound of music 一張音樂(lè)之聲的票 the answer to the question 問(wèn)題的答案 the key to the door 門(mén)的鑰匙 the way to去.的路 3. since they were not able to go. 既然他們不能去. can 與 be able to 二者都表“能；會(huì)”，在指“一般能力”時(shí)，?；Q。如： he can/is able to work out the problem. 他能算出這道難題. 區(qū)別: can 只有現(xiàn)在式和過(guò)去式(could),沒(méi)有數(shù)的變化;而 be able to 有時(shí)態(tài)及數(shù)的變化.

20、如: i/ she couldnt swim three years ago, but now i / she can . 三年前,我/她 不會(huì)游泳, 但現(xiàn)在我/她能. i will be able to see him next week. 下周, 我將會(huì)看到他. they were /he was able to climb the mountain, but now they arent/ he wasnt.they re / he was too old. 他們/他過(guò)去能爬得上這座山, 但現(xiàn)在不能. 他們/他太老了.4.the lonely father often became an

21、gry because of the noisy children. 孤獨(dú)的父 親經(jīng)常由于吵吵鬧鬧的的孩子們而發(fā)怒了。 because of “由于”，是介詞短語(yǔ)，后常跟名詞或短語(yǔ)。如： he didnt come to school because of his illness./ because he was ill. 由于他的病，他沒(méi)來(lái)上學(xué)。 we didnt go there because of the heavy rain./ because it rained heavily. 由于大雨，我們沒(méi)去那兒。 5. maria was able to cheer up the fami

22、ly by teaching them to sing lively songs 瑪麗亞有能力通過(guò)教他們唱輕快的歌曲使整個(gè)家庭振作起來(lái)。 by 是介詞，指“通過(guò)（某種方式）”，后面跟名詞、代詞、形容詞或動(dòng)名詞。 6. what did maria go to the von trapp family for? = why did maria go to the von trapp? 瑪麗亞為了什么目的去馮特拉普家庭？ 7. and the mother was so worried that she looked for him everywhere, 這位母親是如此焦急，以致于他四處尋找他。

23、 so + adj/ adv. + that + 句子 指“如此以致于” 一 詞匯積累；1. 常見(jiàn)的反義詞前綴以u(píng)n 開(kāi)頭的表示反義的英語(yǔ)單詞 happy- unhappy lucky-unlucky kind-unkind popular-unpopular like - unlike usual-unusual lock- unlock healthy-unhealthy helpful-unhelpful important-unimportant 以dis 開(kāi)頭的表示反義的英語(yǔ)單詞 like - dislike agree-disagree able-disable obey-diso

24、bey courage-discourage use-disuse order-disorder honest-dishonest 以 in 開(kāi)頭的表示反義的英語(yǔ)單詞 famous- infamous active-inactive 以 im 開(kāi)頭的表示反義的英語(yǔ)單詞 possible-impossible polite-impolite 以il 開(kāi)頭的表示反義的英語(yǔ)單詞 legal- illegal logical- illogical 以ir 開(kāi)頭的表示反義的英語(yǔ)單詞 regular-irregular 以mis 開(kāi)頭的表示反義的英語(yǔ)單詞 understand- misunderstand lead-mislead use-misuse 2. 學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)的表示情感的一類(lèi)形容詞 請(qǐng)選用合適的形容詞完成下列各題。 (1). all of us feel_ at his idea. a. surprised b. surprising we cant believe this_fact. (2). the students are very_ about going to the park. a. exciting b. excited the news from our headmaster is very_ exciting. (3). the mot