《參考譯文》

1、New Horizon College English III 8-B,1,Active Text (B) Key Word Study Phrases & Expressions Difficult Sentences Background Information 參考譯文,Menu of Passage Study,New Horizon College English III 8-B,2,Who Will Take Advantage of Human Cloning?,Para.1 Para.3 Para.4 Para.2 Para.5 Para.6,New Horizon Colle

2、ge English III 8-B,3,Paragraph 1-1,Last weeks news that scientists had cloned a sheep sent academics and the public into a panic at the prospect that humans might be next. Thats an understandable reaction. Cloning is a radical challenge to the most fundamental laws of biology, so its reasonable to b

3、e concerned that it might be a preface to activities that will threaten human society and dignity.,1,2,New Horizon College English III 8-B,4,Paragraph 1-2,Yet much of the moral opposition seems also to grow out of an automatic, unthinking disgust. This refusal to consider the issue logically makes i

4、t hard for even trained scientists and other experts to see the matter clearly. While human cloning might not offer great benefits to humanity, no one has yet made a convincing case that it would do any real harm, either.,3,1,New Horizon College English III 8-B,5,Paragraph 2-1,Conservative spiritual

5、 leaders have claimed that cloning a human constitutes a gross attack on human dignity. That would surely be true if a cloned individual were treated as a lesser being, with fewer rights or lower status. But why suppose that the laws that protect our rights and dignity would not be applicable to clo

6、ned persons?,4,New Horizon College English III 8-B,6,Paragraph 2-2,A leading lawyer has suggested that cloning would violate the “right to a unique genetic identity”. Where did he come up with such a right? It makes perfect sense to say that adult persons have a right not to be cloned without their

7、voluntary, informed consent. But if such consent were given, whose “right” to genetic identity would be violated?,5,New Horizon College English III 8-B,7,Paragraph 3,Many of the vivid warnings of science-fiction concerning the prospect of human cloning turn out, upon reflection, to be wildly improba

8、ble. Theres the fear, for instance, that parents might clone a child for the sake of having “surplus parts” in case the original child needs an organ transplant. But parents of identical twins dont view one child as an organ farm for the other. Why should cloned childrens parents be any different?,N

9、ew Horizon College English III 8-B,8,Paragraph 4-1,Another disturbing thought is that cloning will lead to efforts to breed individuals with genetic qualities perceived as desirable (math geniuses, soccer players, etc.). Such ideas are offensive, not only because of an unthinking disgust, but also b

10、ecause of the horrors carried out by the Nazis in the name of improving their race.,6,7,2,New Horizon College English III 8-B,9,Paragraph 4-2,But theres a vast difference between the breeding programs as practiced by some groups (where the urge to breed certain types of people leads to efforts to de

11、stroy other types) and the much more harmless forms already practiced in democratic societies (where, say, lawyers freely choose to have sexual relations with other lawyers). Banks stocked with the frozen sperm of geniuses already exist, but they havent created a master race because few women are qu

12、euing up to get pregnant this way. Why should we think it would be different if human cloning becomes available?,8,New Horizon College English III 8-B,10,Paragraph 5-1,So who will likely take advantage of cloning? Perhaps a couple whose child is dying. This might seem psychologically suspect. But a

13、cloned child born to such suspect parents stands no greater or lesser chance of being loved, or rejected, than a child created the normal way. Infertile couples are also likely to seek out cloning.,New Horizon College English III 8-B,11,Paragraph 5-2,That such couples have other options (artificiall

14、y bringing egg and sperm together, or adopting a child) is not an argument for denying them the right to clone. Or consider an example raised by Judge Richard Posner: a couple in which the husband has some unfortunate genetic defect. Currently, if this couple wants a genetically related child, they

15、have four not altogether pleasant options.,New Horizon College English III 8-B,12,Paragraph 5-3,They can reproduce naturally and resign themselves to the risk of passing on the disease to the child. They can go to a sperm bank and take a chance on unknown genes. They can bring egg and sperm together

16、 artificially and dispose of any affected baby before placing it in the mother, or before birth though that might be objectionable, too. Or they can get a male relative of the father to be a sperm donor, if such a relative exists. This is one case where even people bothered by creating a child under

17、 the lens of a microscope might see cloning as not the worst option.,9,New Horizon College English III 8-B,13,Paragraph 6-1,Even if human cloning offers no obvious benefits to mankind, why ban it? In a democracy we dont usually pass laws against something before there is actual or probable evidence

18、of harm. Before we go any further, it might make sense to require a temporary pause on research into human cloning in order to make a systematic enquiry into the grave questions it raises.,10,New Horizon College English III 8-B,14,Paragraph 6-2,When research into cloning is resumed, human cloning sh

19、ould remain a research activity for an extended period. And if it is ever attempted, it should and no doubt will take place only under careful examination and layers of legal administration. Most important, human cloning should be governed by the same laws that now protect human rights. A world not

20、safe for cloned humans would be a world not safe for the rest of us.,New Horizon College English III 8-B,15,Last weeks news that scientists had cloned a sheep sent academics and the public into a panic at the prospect that humans might be next. (L1),Difficult Sentence 1-1,【釋義】Shocked by last weeks n

21、ews that scientists had successfully cloned a sheep, both scientists and common people had a feeling of fear when they realized that the next on the cloning list would probably be human beings.,New Horizon College English III 8-B,16,Difficult Sentence 1-2,【結(jié)構(gòu)】句中出現(xiàn)兩個同位語從句： that scientists had cloned

22、a sheep 是news的同位語從句；that humans might be next是prospect的同位語從句。英語中有些名詞如idea, fact, news, hope, belief, thought等經(jīng)常跟有同位語從句，說明其具體內(nèi)容。,【例句】 Your advice that she (should) come again next week is reasonable. 你讓她下周再來的建議是合理的。 【譯文】上星期的新聞報道說，科學(xué)家已經(jīng)克隆了一只綿羊。這一消息引起了學(xué)術(shù)界和公眾的恐慌，他們預(yù)想下一個就輪到克隆人類了。,New Horizon College Engl

23、ish III 8-B,17,Difficult Sentence 2-1,Cloning is a radical challenge to the most fundamental laws of biology, so its reasonable to be concerned that it might be a preface to activities that will threaten human society and dignity. (L3),【釋義】As cloning fundamentally changes the traditional way of bear

24、ing a baby, it is quite natural for people to worry about its possible consequences that might throw humans into shame and society into disorder.,New Horizon College English III 8-B,18,Difficult Sentence 2-2,【結(jié)構(gòu)】 so 引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句，句中第一個that 引導(dǎo)be concerned的賓語從句，第二個 that引導(dǎo) activities的定語從句。,【譯文】克隆向生物學(xué)最基本的規(guī)律發(fā)

25、起了一次革命性的挑戰(zhàn)，因此有理由擔(dān)心這或許是威脅人類和人類尊嚴的活動的序曲。,New Horizon College English III 8-B,19,Difficult Sentence 3,This refusal to consider the issue logically makes it hard for even trained scientists and other experts to see the matter clearly. (L6),【釋義】Its difficult for even trained scientists and other experts

26、who refuse to consider the issue logically to have a proper view on the issue. 【結(jié)構(gòu)】句中第一個不定式結(jié)構(gòu)to consider the issue logically作refusal 的定語；it是形式賓語，第二個不定式結(jié)構(gòu)to see the matter clearly才是真正的賓語。 【譯文】這種拒絕對此問題作理性思考的行為，甚至使訓(xùn)練有素的科學(xué)家和其他專家也難以看清這件事的實質(zhì)。 【例句】I found it very interesting to surf in the Internet. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)上網(wǎng)很

27、有趣。,New Horizon College English III 8-B,20,Difficult Sentence 4,That would surely be true if a cloned individual were treated as a lesser being, with fewer rights or lower status. (L11),【釋義】Cloning a human would surely be a big attack on human dignity if a cloned person were treated as a non-human w

28、ho enjoys fewer rights or lower social or even human status. 【結(jié)構(gòu)】這是個虛擬條件句,表示對將來的虛擬。 【譯文】假如克隆人被當(dāng)作一種次等動物,權(quán)利小,地位低,事實就會如此。 【例句】 If we were to come next week, we would have the chance to meet the famous singer. 我們要是下周來，就有可能見到那位著名歌星。,New Horizon College English III 8-B,21,Difficult Sentence 5,It makes per

29、fect sense to say that adult persons have a right not to be cloned without their voluntary, informed consent. (L15),【釋義】Its quite sensible to say that grown-up human beings have a right not to be cloned if they dont agree to or dont want to. 【結(jié)構(gòu)】不定式結(jié)構(gòu)to say是句子的主語, It是形式主語。 很多情況下,動詞不定式作主語時,通常用形式主語it代

30、替,而把動詞不定時放在謂語的后面。 【譯文】未經(jīng)通知并征得本人同意,成年人有權(quán)不被克隆, 這是完全合理的。 【例句】 Its impossible to solve the problem in such a short period. 在這么短的時間里解決問題是不可能的。,New Horizon College English III 8-B,22,Difficult Sentence 6,Another disturbing thought is that cloning will lead to efforts to breed individuals with genetic qual

31、ities perceived as desirable (math geniuses, soccer players, etc.). (L23),【釋義】Another thing that upsets us is that people will try to alter genes so as to bear smart and strong children who would grow to be math geniuses, soccer players, and so on. 【結(jié)構(gòu)】 disturbing是現(xiàn)在分詞作thought的定語，perceived as是過去分詞作q

32、ualities的定語，現(xiàn)在分詞作定語時分詞與中心詞是主動關(guān)系，而過去分詞作定語時分詞與中心詞是被動關(guān)系。 【譯文】另一個引人不安的想法是,克隆會使人們致力于培育具有理想基因質(zhì)的個人(如數(shù)學(xué)天才,足球運動員等)。,New Horizon College English III 8-B,23,Difficult Sentence 7,Such ideas are offensive, not only because of an unthinking disgust, but also because of the horrors carried out by the Nazis in the

33、name of improving their race. (L24),【釋義】We find such ideas quite unacceptable, not only because these ideas are unreasonably disgusting but also because they remind us of the horrifying things done by the Nazis with the excuse to improve their race.,【譯文】這樣的想法很令人反感, 不僅僅因為一種下意識 的厭惡,而且還因為納粹分子以優(yōu)化種族之名實施

34、的恐怖行為.,New Horizon College English III 8-B,24,Difficult Sentence 8-1,But theres a vast difference between the breeding programs as practiced by some groups (where the urge to breed certain types of people leads to efforts to destroy other types) and the much more harmless forms already practiced in

35、democratic societies (where, say, lawyers freely choose to have sexual relations with other lawyers). (L26),New Horizon College English III 8-B,25,Difficult Sentence 8-2,【釋義】But there is a great difference between the two types of human breeding programs. The first type refers to the breeding progra

36、ms that are practiced by some groups such as Nazis who tried hard to kill and destroy Jews and other races in order to have a so-called pure breed of Germanic people. The second refers to the much more harmless breeding programs that are practiced in democratic societies by some people lawyers, for

37、example who freely choose their colleagues to have children.,New Horizon College English III 8-B,26,Difficult Sentence 8-3,【結(jié)構(gòu)】 該句主要結(jié)構(gòu)為：theres a vast difference between the breeding programsand the much more harmless forms, practiced是過去分詞作后置定語， 括號內(nèi)的部分相當(dāng)于非限定性定語從句,分別修飾groups和 societies。Say相當(dāng)于 suppose，

38、意為“假設(shè),大概”。,【例句】Say you dont get a place at university, what will you do then? 假如你考不上大學(xué)，你會怎么辦？ 【譯文】但是,某些團體實施的培育項目和在民主社會里已經(jīng)實施的更為無害的培育方式,二者之間存在著天壤之別:前者為迫切的培育某類人而對其余的人進行毀滅,而后者,比如說律師,則是通過自由的選擇與別的律師發(fā)生性關(guān)系得以實現(xiàn)。,New Horizon College English III 8-B,27,Difficult Sentence 9-1,This is one case where even people

39、bothered by creating a child under the lens of a microscope might see cloning as not the worst option. (L45),【釋義】In this case cloning might not be the worst even in the eyes of the people who are upset by creating a child (in the lab) under the lens of a microscope.,New Horizon College English III 8

40、-B,28,【結(jié)構(gòu)】本句中where引導(dǎo)定語從句，先行詞case在從句中 作狀語，因此用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)。如先行詞在 句中作主語或賓語，則用關(guān)系代詞which/that引導(dǎo)。 【例句】His technique has developed to the point where he can repair many of the electrically-powered farm machines. 他的技術(shù)已經(jīng)發(fā)展到可以修理任何電動農(nóng)用機械 的程度。 This is the point (that) I want to make clear. 這就是我想說明的一點。 【譯文】在這個例子中

41、,就連不愿意在顯微鏡下創(chuàng)造孩子的人 也可能認為克隆不是最壞的選擇。,Difficult Sentence 9-2,New Horizon College English III 8-B,29,Difficult Sentence 10-1,Before we go any further, it might make sense to require a temporary pause on research into human cloning in order to make systematic enquiry into the grave questions it raises. (P

42、ara. 6),【釋義】Before we go too far, it might be sensible for us to stop research into human cloning for a while so that the serious issues it raises can be carefully investigated and examined.,New Horizon College English III 8-B,30,Difficult Sentence 10-2,【結(jié)構(gòu)】 主句中it為形式主語，真正的主語是不定式to require a temporar

43、y pause ；結(jié)尾的it raises是questions的定語從句。,【譯文】在我們尚未繼續(xù)前進之前,最好事先要求暫時停止克隆人類的研究,以便系統(tǒng)地研究它所引發(fā)的深刻問題.,New Horizon College English III 8-B,31,參考譯文 1,誰將得益于克隆技術(shù)？ 上星期的新聞報道說，科學(xué)家已經(jīng)克隆了一只綿羊。這一消息引起了學(xué)術(shù)界和公眾的恐慌，他們預(yù)想下一個就輪到克隆人類了。這種反應(yīng)是可以理解的。克隆向生物學(xué)最基本的規(guī)律發(fā)起了一次革命性的挑戰(zhàn)，因此有理由擔(dān)心這或許是威脅人類社會和人類尊嚴的活動的序曲。然而，這種道義上的反對大多出自一種本能的、未經(jīng)思索的厭惡。這種拒絕對此問題作理性思考的行為，甚至使訓(xùn)練有素的科學(xué)家和其他專家也難以看清這件事的實質(zhì)。雖然克隆人類可能不會給人類帶來很大的好處，但也沒有人能提供有力的例證證明它會帶來真正的危害。,New Horizon College English III 8-B,32,參考譯文 2,保守派的宗教領(lǐng)袖宣稱，克隆人類是對人類尊嚴的一次重大挑戰(zhàn)。假如克隆的